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Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan Hastalarda Tip 2 Diyabet Stigmasının Diyabetik Ayak Öz-Bakım Davranışlarına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi/ Evaluation of the Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Stigma on Diabetic Foot Self-Care Behaviors in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment

Yıl 2024, , 129 - 141, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2024.89

Öz

Aim: To examine the relationship between Type 2 diabetes stigma and diabetic foot self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes undergoing hemodialysis treatment.
Materials and Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 patients receiving treatment in two private dialysis centers in Kayseri. Patient Introduction Form, Stigma Assessment Scale for Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Self-Care Behavior Scale were used to collect the data. The statistical significance level was set at p < .05.
Results: Of the patients, 50,9% were female, 56,5% had secondary-level education, 83,3% were married, and 50,9% were retired. The mean age was 66,11±10,87 years. The mean total score of the Stigma Assessment Scale for Type 2 Diabetes was 34,50±13,31. Patients' age, education level, income and perceived health status affected their stigma score (p<,05). The mean total score of the Diabetic Foot Self-Care Behavior Scale was 16,72±7,03. The patients' age, level of perceived health status, diabetes and diabetic foot education affected self-care scores (p<,05). The negative correlation between the two scales was not statistically significant (p>,05).
Conclusion and Recommendations: The stigma experienced by patients was low, while diabetic foot self-care behavior was at a moderate level. As age increased, the level of self-care behavior decreased. Patients who perceived their health status as poor showed higher levels of stigma. Conversely, patients who perceived their health status as good and those who received diabetic foot education demonstrated higher levels of self-care behavior. It was found that stigma level did not affect diabetic foot self-care behavior. It was concluded that patients did not apply diabetic foot care effectively. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that strategies to enhance patients' well-being be prioritized, awareness training on stigma be provided, and additional diabetic foot education be planned by nurses, even for those who have already received diabetes education.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ateş K, Seyahi N, Koçyiğit İ. Türkiye’de Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon-Registry 2022 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jul 06];1-31. Available from: https://nefroloji.org.tr/uploads/pdf/REGISTRY2022_web.pdf
  • 2. Ejtahed SH, Naslaji NA, Mirmiran P, Yeganeh ZM, Hedeyati M, Azizi F, Movahedi MA. Effect of camel milk on blood sugar and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot clinical trial. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;13(1):21160. Doi: 10.5812/ijem.21160
  • 3. Akan KH. Diyabetik ayakta ampütasyon. TOTBİD Dergisi. 2015;14:421–32. Doi:10.14292/totbid.dergisi.2015.62
  • 4. McDermott K, Fang M, Boulton AJM, Selvin E, Hicks CW. Etiology, epidemiology, and disparities in the burden of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):209-21. Doi: 10.2337/dci22-0043.
  • 5. Seid A, Tsige Y. Knowledge, practice and barriers of foot-care among diabetic patients attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Adv Nurs. 2015;13:1-9. Doi:10.1155/2015/934623
  • 6. Eroğlu N. Diyabetli hastalarda diyabetik ayak sorunlarının yaşam kalitesine etkisi: sistematik inceleme. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Jul 06];1(2):19–22 Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/564585 7. Nural N, Hintistan S. Diyabetik hastaların ayak bakımıyla ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarının incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;18(2):116-24. Doi: 10.17049/ahsbd.53764
  • 8. Azak O, Kılıç M. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin ayak sağlığı durumu ve ayak öz bakım aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi. GÜSBD. 2023;12(1):175-86. Doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1181879
  • 9. Sulamiş N, Yıldırım Y, Varışoğlu YY. Tip 2 diyabetli kadınların beden algısı ile cinsel doyum puanları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. IGUSABDER. 2023;20:549-67. Doi:10.38079/igusabder.1002790
  • 10. Eitel KB, Pihoker C, Barrett CE, Roberts AJ. Diabetes stigma and clinical outcomes: an international review. J Endocr Soc. 2024;8(9):bvae136. Doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae136. 11. van Beukering IE, Smits SJC, Janssens KME, Bogaers RI, Joosen MCW, Bakker M, van Weeghel J, Brouwers EPM. In what ways does health related stigma affect sustainable employment and well-being at work? A systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2022;32(3):365-79. Doi:10.1007/s10926-021-09998-z.
  • 12. Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Prasko J. Perspectives on perceived stigma and self-stigma in adult male patients with depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:1399-405. Doi:10.2147/NDT.S54081.
  • 13. İnkaya B, Karadağ E. Turkish validity and reliability study of type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51:1302-9. Doi:10.3906/sag-2006-255
  • 14. Kato A, Fujimaki Y, Fujimori S, Isogawa A, Onisshi Y, et al. Psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e013425. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013425.
  • 15. Liu NF, Brown AS, Folias Younge MF, Guzman SJ, et al. Stigma in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2017;35(1):27-34. Doi:10.2337/cd16-0020
  • 16. Browne J, Ventura AD, Mosely K, Speight J. Measuring the stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes: development and validation of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2). Diabetes Care. 2016;39(12):2141-8. Doi:10.2337/dc16-0117
  • 17. Chin YF, Huang TT. Development and validation of a diabetes foot self-care behavior scale. J Nurs Res. 2013;21(1):19-25. Doi: 10.1097/jnr.0b013e3182828e59. 18. Bakır E, Samancıoğlu S. Diyabetik ayakta öz bakım davranışı ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Karya J Health Sci. 2021;2(2):39-43. doi: 10.52831/kjhs.894403
  • 19. turkiye.un.org.tr [Internet]. Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. 2024; [cited 2024 Jul 6]. Available from: https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs 20. Parikh SK, Kempner J, Young WB. Stigma and migraine: developing effective interventions. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(11):75. Doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00982-z.
  • 21. Sugisawa H, Shimizu Y, Kumagai T, Shishido K, Koda Y, Shinoda T. Influence of dialysis-related stigma on health-related indicators in Japanese patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2023;27(5):855-65. Doi:10.1111/1744-9987.13992
  • 22. Mekonen EG, Gebeyehu Demssie T. Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):124. Doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01044-0.
  • 23. Coffey L, Mahon C, Gallagher P. Perceptions and experiences of diabetic foot ulceration and foot care in people with diabetes: a qualitative meta-synthesis. Int Wound J. 2019;16(1):183-210. Doi:10.1111/iwj.13010.
  • 24. Woo MWJ, Cui J. Factors influencing foot care behaviour among patients with diabetes: an integrative literature review. Nurs Open. 2023;10:4216-43. Doi:10.1002/nop2.1710.
  • 25. Ahmad Sharoni SK, MohdRazi MN, Abdul Rashid NF, Mahmood YE. Self-efficacy of foot care behaviour of elderly patients with diabetes. Malays Fam Physician [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Jul 06];12(2):2-8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791827/
  • 26. Li R, Yuan L, Guo XH, et al. The current status of foot self-care knowledge, behaviours, and analysis of influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. Int J Nurs Sci. 2014;1(3):266-71. Doi: 10.1186/s13104-020-4903-y
  • 27. Kim EJ, Han KS. Factors related to self-care behaviours among patients with diabetic foot ulcers. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(9-10):1712–22. Doi:10.1111/jocn.15215.
  • 28. Holmes-Truscott E, Ventura AD, Thuraisingam S, Pouwer F, Speight J. Psychosocial moderators of the impact of diabetes stigma: results from the second diabetes MILES-Australia (MILES-2) study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2651-9. Doi:10.2337/dc19-2447.
  • 29. Eitel KB, Roberts AJ, D'Agostino R, et al. Diabetes stigma and clinical outcomes in adolescents and young adults: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(4):811-8. Doi:10.2337/dc22-1749.
  • 30. Taher TMJ, Ahmed HA, Abutiheen AA, Alfadhul SA, Ghazi HF. Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2023;98(1):20. Doi:10.1186/s42506-023-00145-5
  • 31. Zhang Y-B, Yang Z, Zhang H-J, Xu C-Q, Liu T. The role of resilience in diabetes stigma among young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Nurs Open. 2023;10(3):1776-84. Doi: 10.1002/nop2.1436
  • 32. Joiner KL, Adams MP, Bayrakdar A, Speight J. A Spanish-language translation for the US of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2 Spa-US). Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2022;3:1057559. Doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1057559
  • 33. Allen JO, Sikora N. Aging stigma and the health of US adults over 65: what do we know? Clin Interv Aging. 2023;18:2093-116. Doi:10.2147/CIA.S396833.
  • 34. Robinson E, Haynes A, Sutin A, Daly M. Self-perception of overweight and obesity: a review of mental and physical health outcomes. Obes Sci Pract. 2020;6(5):552-61. Doi:10.1002/osp4.424.
  • 35. Tuha A, Getie Faris A, Andualem A, Ahmed Mohammed S. Knowledge and practice on diabetic foot self-care and associated factors among diabetic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: mixed method. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:1203-14. Doi:10.2147/DMSO.S300275.
  • 36. Şahin S, Cingil D. Evaluation of the relationship among foot wound risk, foot self-care behaviors, and illness acceptance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes. 2020;14(5):469-75. Doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.02.005
  • 37. Goodall RJ, Ellauzi J, Tan MKH, Onida S, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. A systematic review of the impact of foot care education on self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2020;60(2):282-92. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.03.053.
  • 38. Sánchez-Carracedo D. Obesity stigma and its impact on health: a narrative review. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2022;69(10):868-77. Doi: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.12.007

Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan Hastalarda Tip 2 Diyabet Stigmasının Diyabetik Ayak Öz-Bakım Davranışlarına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi/ Evaluation of the Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Stigma on Diabetic Foot Self-Care Behaviors in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment

Yıl 2024, , 129 - 141, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2024.89

Öz

Amaç: Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan ve diyabeti olan hastalarda tip 2 diyabet stigmasının diyabetik ayak öz bakım davranışları ile ilişkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu araştırma, Kayseri’de bulunan iki özel diyaliz merkezinde tedavi gören 108 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında; Hasta Tanıtım Formu, Tip 2 Diyabet için Stigma Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Diyabetik Ayak Öz Bakım Davranışı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel açıdan anlamlılık düzeyi p<,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların %50,9’u kadın, %56,5’i ortaöğrenim düzeyinde, %83,3’ü evli, %50,9’u emeklidir. Yaş ortalaması 66,11±10,87’dir. Hastaların Tip 2 Diyabet için Stigma Değerlendirme Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 34,50±13,31’dir. Hastaların yaşı, eğitim durumu, gelir ve sağlık durumunu algılama düzeyi stigma puanını etkilemektedir (p<,05). Diyabetik Ayak Öz Bakım Davranışı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 16,72±7,03’tür. Hastaların yaşı, sağlık durumunu algılama düzeyi, diyabet ve diyabetik ayak eğitimi alması öz bakım puanlarını etkilemektedir (p<,05). Her iki ölçek arasındaki negatif korelasyon anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>,05)
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Hastaların deneyimlediği stigma düşük ve diyabetik ayak öz bakım davranışı orta düzeydedir. Yaş arttıkça, öz bakım davranışı düzeyi azalmaktadır. Sağlık durumunu kötü olarak algılayan hastalarda stigma düzeyi yüksektir. Sağlık durumunu iyi olarak algılayanlarda ve diyabetik ayak eğitimi alanlarda öz bakım davranışı düzeyi yüksektir. Stigma düzeyinin diyabetik ayak öz bakım davranışını etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Hastaların etkili olarak diyabetik ayak bakımı uygulamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda, hastaların iyi oluşlarını destekleyecek stratejilere önem verilmesi, stigmaya ilişkin farkındalık eğitimlerinin verilmesi, diyabet eğitimi verilmiş olsa bile diyabetik ayağa yönelik ek eğitimlerin hemşireler tarafından planlanması önerilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ateş K, Seyahi N, Koçyiğit İ. Türkiye’de Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon-Registry 2022 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jul 06];1-31. Available from: https://nefroloji.org.tr/uploads/pdf/REGISTRY2022_web.pdf
  • 2. Ejtahed SH, Naslaji NA, Mirmiran P, Yeganeh ZM, Hedeyati M, Azizi F, Movahedi MA. Effect of camel milk on blood sugar and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot clinical trial. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;13(1):21160. Doi: 10.5812/ijem.21160
  • 3. Akan KH. Diyabetik ayakta ampütasyon. TOTBİD Dergisi. 2015;14:421–32. Doi:10.14292/totbid.dergisi.2015.62
  • 4. McDermott K, Fang M, Boulton AJM, Selvin E, Hicks CW. Etiology, epidemiology, and disparities in the burden of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):209-21. Doi: 10.2337/dci22-0043.
  • 5. Seid A, Tsige Y. Knowledge, practice and barriers of foot-care among diabetic patients attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Adv Nurs. 2015;13:1-9. Doi:10.1155/2015/934623
  • 6. Eroğlu N. Diyabetli hastalarda diyabetik ayak sorunlarının yaşam kalitesine etkisi: sistematik inceleme. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Jul 06];1(2):19–22 Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/564585 7. Nural N, Hintistan S. Diyabetik hastaların ayak bakımıyla ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarının incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;18(2):116-24. Doi: 10.17049/ahsbd.53764
  • 8. Azak O, Kılıç M. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin ayak sağlığı durumu ve ayak öz bakım aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi. GÜSBD. 2023;12(1):175-86. Doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1181879
  • 9. Sulamiş N, Yıldırım Y, Varışoğlu YY. Tip 2 diyabetli kadınların beden algısı ile cinsel doyum puanları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. IGUSABDER. 2023;20:549-67. Doi:10.38079/igusabder.1002790
  • 10. Eitel KB, Pihoker C, Barrett CE, Roberts AJ. Diabetes stigma and clinical outcomes: an international review. J Endocr Soc. 2024;8(9):bvae136. Doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae136. 11. van Beukering IE, Smits SJC, Janssens KME, Bogaers RI, Joosen MCW, Bakker M, van Weeghel J, Brouwers EPM. In what ways does health related stigma affect sustainable employment and well-being at work? A systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2022;32(3):365-79. Doi:10.1007/s10926-021-09998-z.
  • 12. Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Prasko J. Perspectives on perceived stigma and self-stigma in adult male patients with depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:1399-405. Doi:10.2147/NDT.S54081.
  • 13. İnkaya B, Karadağ E. Turkish validity and reliability study of type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51:1302-9. Doi:10.3906/sag-2006-255
  • 14. Kato A, Fujimaki Y, Fujimori S, Isogawa A, Onisshi Y, et al. Psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e013425. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013425.
  • 15. Liu NF, Brown AS, Folias Younge MF, Guzman SJ, et al. Stigma in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2017;35(1):27-34. Doi:10.2337/cd16-0020
  • 16. Browne J, Ventura AD, Mosely K, Speight J. Measuring the stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes: development and validation of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2). Diabetes Care. 2016;39(12):2141-8. Doi:10.2337/dc16-0117
  • 17. Chin YF, Huang TT. Development and validation of a diabetes foot self-care behavior scale. J Nurs Res. 2013;21(1):19-25. Doi: 10.1097/jnr.0b013e3182828e59. 18. Bakır E, Samancıoğlu S. Diyabetik ayakta öz bakım davranışı ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Karya J Health Sci. 2021;2(2):39-43. doi: 10.52831/kjhs.894403
  • 19. turkiye.un.org.tr [Internet]. Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. 2024; [cited 2024 Jul 6]. Available from: https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs 20. Parikh SK, Kempner J, Young WB. Stigma and migraine: developing effective interventions. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(11):75. Doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00982-z.
  • 21. Sugisawa H, Shimizu Y, Kumagai T, Shishido K, Koda Y, Shinoda T. Influence of dialysis-related stigma on health-related indicators in Japanese patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2023;27(5):855-65. Doi:10.1111/1744-9987.13992
  • 22. Mekonen EG, Gebeyehu Demssie T. Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):124. Doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01044-0.
  • 23. Coffey L, Mahon C, Gallagher P. Perceptions and experiences of diabetic foot ulceration and foot care in people with diabetes: a qualitative meta-synthesis. Int Wound J. 2019;16(1):183-210. Doi:10.1111/iwj.13010.
  • 24. Woo MWJ, Cui J. Factors influencing foot care behaviour among patients with diabetes: an integrative literature review. Nurs Open. 2023;10:4216-43. Doi:10.1002/nop2.1710.
  • 25. Ahmad Sharoni SK, MohdRazi MN, Abdul Rashid NF, Mahmood YE. Self-efficacy of foot care behaviour of elderly patients with diabetes. Malays Fam Physician [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Jul 06];12(2):2-8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791827/
  • 26. Li R, Yuan L, Guo XH, et al. The current status of foot self-care knowledge, behaviours, and analysis of influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. Int J Nurs Sci. 2014;1(3):266-71. Doi: 10.1186/s13104-020-4903-y
  • 27. Kim EJ, Han KS. Factors related to self-care behaviours among patients with diabetic foot ulcers. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(9-10):1712–22. Doi:10.1111/jocn.15215.
  • 28. Holmes-Truscott E, Ventura AD, Thuraisingam S, Pouwer F, Speight J. Psychosocial moderators of the impact of diabetes stigma: results from the second diabetes MILES-Australia (MILES-2) study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2651-9. Doi:10.2337/dc19-2447.
  • 29. Eitel KB, Roberts AJ, D'Agostino R, et al. Diabetes stigma and clinical outcomes in adolescents and young adults: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(4):811-8. Doi:10.2337/dc22-1749.
  • 30. Taher TMJ, Ahmed HA, Abutiheen AA, Alfadhul SA, Ghazi HF. Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2023;98(1):20. Doi:10.1186/s42506-023-00145-5
  • 31. Zhang Y-B, Yang Z, Zhang H-J, Xu C-Q, Liu T. The role of resilience in diabetes stigma among young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Nurs Open. 2023;10(3):1776-84. Doi: 10.1002/nop2.1436
  • 32. Joiner KL, Adams MP, Bayrakdar A, Speight J. A Spanish-language translation for the US of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2 Spa-US). Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2022;3:1057559. Doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1057559
  • 33. Allen JO, Sikora N. Aging stigma and the health of US adults over 65: what do we know? Clin Interv Aging. 2023;18:2093-116. Doi:10.2147/CIA.S396833.
  • 34. Robinson E, Haynes A, Sutin A, Daly M. Self-perception of overweight and obesity: a review of mental and physical health outcomes. Obes Sci Pract. 2020;6(5):552-61. Doi:10.1002/osp4.424.
  • 35. Tuha A, Getie Faris A, Andualem A, Ahmed Mohammed S. Knowledge and practice on diabetic foot self-care and associated factors among diabetic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: mixed method. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:1203-14. Doi:10.2147/DMSO.S300275.
  • 36. Şahin S, Cingil D. Evaluation of the relationship among foot wound risk, foot self-care behaviors, and illness acceptance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes. 2020;14(5):469-75. Doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.02.005
  • 37. Goodall RJ, Ellauzi J, Tan MKH, Onida S, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. A systematic review of the impact of foot care education on self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2020;60(2):282-92. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.03.053.
  • 38. Sánchez-Carracedo D. Obesity stigma and its impact on health: a narrative review. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2022;69(10):868-77. Doi: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.12.007
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Şerife Çetin 0000-0002-0900-6025

Hacer Sönmezer Öcal 0000-0002-0245-5709

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Çetin Ş, Sönmezer Öcal H. Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan Hastalarda Tip 2 Diyabet Stigmasının Diyabetik Ayak Öz-Bakım Davranışlarına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi/ Evaluation of the Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Stigma on Diabetic Foot Self-Care Behaviors in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment. NefroHemDergi. 2024;19(3):129-41.

Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi/ Journal of Nephrology Nursing Creative Commons Lisansı Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.