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Port Kateter Bakımında Kullanılan Heparinin Etkinlik Süresinin Değerlendirilmesi/ Evaluation of Activity Time of Heparin Used in Port Catheter Care

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 47 - 57, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2022.53

Abstract

Amaç: Bu alışmanın amacı, port kateter bakımında kullanılan heparinin kateter içerisindeki etkinlik süresinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, tek gruplu ön test-son test desende yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini; Ekim 2019- Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinin ayaktan kemoterapi ünitesine port kateter bakımı için başvuran 56 kanser hastası oluşturmuştur. Çalışma süresi içinde 13 hasta çalışma dışı bırakılmış ve çalışma 43 hasta ile tamamlanmıştır. Port kateter bakımı heparin/salin (100IU/ml) ile yapıldıktan sonra, port kateter bakımı sonrası üçüncü ve altıncı hafta sonunda, port kateter içinden aspire edilen örneklerdeki heparin/salin miktarları karşılaştırılmıştır. Hazırlanan ilk heparin/salin (100IU/ml) miktarı ön test l değeri olarak kabul edilmiş olup, üçüncü ve altıncı hafta sonunda ölçülen heparin/salin miktarları son test olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın verileri, GraphPad Prism7 paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesinde One Way ANOVA ve çoklu karşılaştırmalarda Dunnett’s çoklu karşılaştırma testi, demografik verilerin incelenmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve frekans tabloları kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastaların 20’si (%46,5) erkek, 23’ü (%53,5) kadındır. Port kateter kullanım süresi ortalama 4,62±2,69 yıldır. Kronik hastalığı bulunan bireylerin %35,3’ünde (n=6) hipertansiyon, %35,3’ünde (n=6) diyabetes mellitus bulunmaktadır ve hastaların %20,9’u (n=9) antikoagülan ilaç kullanmaktadır. Port kateter bakımı sonrasında üçüncü hafta heparin derişimleri (ortalama: 55,72 IU/ml) anlamlı bir azalış göstermezken, altıncı hafta heparin derişimleri (ortalama: 39,75 IU/ml) anlamlı oranda düşüş göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Venöz port kateter bakımında kullanılan heparinin etkinliğinin altıncı haftanın sonunda devam ettiği ve port bakımının altı haftada bir yapılmasının uygun olduğu önerilebilir.

Supporting Institution

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu. Heparin miktar tayini deneyleri Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İleri Teknoloji Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (CÜTAM)’nde yapılmıştır.

Project Number

T-873

Thanks

Heparin miktar tayini deneyleri Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İleri Teknoloji Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (CÜTAM)’nde yapılmıştır.

References

  • 1. Green E, Macartney G, et al. Managing central venous access devices in cancerpatients: A clinical practice guideline. CONJ/RCSIO-2008. doi: 10.5737/1181912x18219.
  • 2. Carlo JT, Lamont JP, McCarty TM, Livingston S, Kuhn JA. A prospective randomized trial demonstrating valved implantable ports have fewer complications and lower overall cost than nonvalved implantable ports. The American Journal of Surgery. 2004;188(6):722-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.08.041.
  • 3. Kaygın MA, Dağ Ö, Güneş M, Şenocak M, Erkut B. Malign hastalarda intravenöz port kullanımı: 5 yıllık klinik deneyim. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi. 2012;28(1):17-21.
  • 4. Hancock-Howard R, Connolly BL, McMahon M, Menon A, Woo G, Wales PW, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of implantable venous access device insertion using interventional radiologic versus conventional operating room methods in pediatric patients with cancer. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2010;21(5):677-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.01.014
  • 5. LaRoy JR, White SB, Jayakrishnan T, Dybul S, Ungerer D, Turaga K, et al. Cost and morbidity analysis of chest port insertion: interventional radiology suite versus operating room. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2015;12(6):563-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2015.01.012
  • 6. Sticca RP, Dewing BD, Harris JD. Outcomes of surgical and radiologic placed implantable central venous access ports. The American journal of surgery. 2009;198(6):829-33. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.04.031
  • 7. Özer AB, Bayar MK. İmplante edilebilir venöz port kateter uygulamalarımızın incelenmesi. Fırat Tıp Dergisi. 2011;16(1):6-10.
  • 8. Güven C. Subkutan venöz port katater uygulamalarımızın değerlendirilmesi: 6 yıllık klinik tecrübemiz. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2020;6(1):29-40. doi: 10.30569.adiyamansaglik.624148
  • 9. Özdemir NY, Abalı H, Öksüzoğlu B, Budakoğlu B, Akmangit İ, Zengin N. It appears to be safe to start chemotherapy on the day of implantation through subcutaneous venous port catheters in inpatient setting. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2009;17(4):399-403. doi: 10.1007/s00520-008-0498-x
  • 10. Ullman AJ, Marsh N, Mihala G, Cooke M, Rickard CM. Complications of central venous access devices: A systematic review. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1331-44. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1507
  • 11. McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(12):1123-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra011883
  • 12. Nelson BE, Mayer AR, Tseng PC, Schwartz PE. Experience with the intravenous totally implanted port in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Gynecologic Oncology. doi: 10.1006/gyno.1994.109
  • 13. Dougherty L. Implanted ports: benefits, challenges and guidance for use. British Journal of Nursing. 2011;20(Sup4):S12-S9. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2011.20.Sup4.S12
  • 14. Dougherty L. Central venous access devices. Nursing Standard (through 2013). 2000;14(43):45. doi: 10.7748/ns2000.07.14.43.45.c2876.
  • 15. Garajová I, Nepoti G, Paragona M, Brandi G, Biasco G. Port‐a‐Cath‐related complications in 252 patients with solid tissue tumours and the first report of heparin‐induced delayed hypersensitivity after Port‐a‐Cath heparinisation. European Journal of Cancer Care. 2013;22(1):125-32. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12008
  • 16. Warttinger U, Giese C, Krämer R. Comparison of Heparin Red, Azure A and Toluidine Blue assays for direct quantification of heparins in human plasma. arXiv preprint arXiv:171203377. 2017. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1712.03377
  • 17. Ignatov A, Ignatov T, Taran A, Smith B, Costa S-D, Bischoff J. Interval between port catheter flushing can be extended to four months. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2010;70(2):91-4. doi: 10.1159/000294919
  • 18. Girda E, Phaeton R, Goldberg GL, Kuo DY. Extending the interval for port-a-cath maintenance. Modern Chemotherapy. 2013;2(2):15-8. doi: 10.4236/mc.2013.22003
  • 19. Goossens G, Jérôme M, Janssens C, Peetermans W, Fieuws S, Moons P, et al. Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non-valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial. Annals of Oncology. 2013;24(7):1892-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt114
  • 20. Turan D, Cantük F, Kalenderer Ö, Özel A, Divrik T, Karaçelik M. 2013. Kateter Uygulamaları Bakım Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara. https://docplayer.biz.tr/4051962-Kateter-uygulamalari-ve-bakim-rehberi-2013.html Erişim Tarihi:16.03.2020
  • 21. Goossens GA. Flushing and locking of venous catheters: available evidence and evidence deficit. Nursing research and practice. 2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/985686
  • 22. Nailon R, O’Neill S, Cowdery P, Wardian Hartung S, Tyner K, Tomb P. Standardizing central venous catheter care: hospital to home. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). 2012.
  • 23. Ulusal Damar Erişimi Yönetimi Rehberi, Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi 2019;23(Ek 1):1- 54.
  • 24. Arch P. Port navigation: let the journey begin. Clinical journal of oncology nursing. 2007;11(4):485. doi: 10.1188/07.CJON.485-488
  • 25. López‐Briz E, Garcia VR, Cabello JB, Bort‐Marti S, Sanchis RC, Burls A. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014(10). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub2
  • 26. Zhong L, Wang H-L, Xu B, Yuan Y, Wang X, et al. Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care. 2017;21(1):1-9. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1585-x
  • 27. López‐Briz E, Garcia VR, Cabello JB, Bort‐Martí S, Sanchis RC, Burls A. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018(7). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub3
  • 28. Tuna Oran N. Port kateter: Venöz erişimi nasıl sağlayabiliriz? Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2009:136-142.
  • 29. Karayavuz A. Kateter Hemşireliği. Türk Hematoloji Derneği Kurs Kitabı. 2006:58-61.
  • 30. Salman T, Türkyılmaz D, Yavuzşen T, Somalı I, Alacacioğlu A, Koca D, ve ark. Tıbbi Onkologlar Tarafından Yerleştirilen Santral Venöz Port Kateterlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi. Acta Oncologıca Turcıca. 2016;49(2):102-10. doi: 10.5505/aot.2016.29290
  • 31. Dalgıç N, Şahbudak Bal Z, Aldemir Kocabaş B, Devrim İ, Cengiz AB. Kateter türleri, epidemiyoloji, tanımlar, tanı yöntemleri. J Pediatr Inf. 2021;15(Ek 1):1-12. doi: 10.5578/ced.20219901
  • 32. Devrim İ, Aldemir Kocabaş B, Şahbudak Bal Z, Dalgıç N, Cengiz AB. Kateter içi yıkama. J Pediatr Inf 2021;15(Ek 1):43-46. doi: 10.5578/ced.20219904
  • 33. Süslü H, Arslan G, Tural K. Erişkin hastalarda venöz port implantasyonu: Retrospektif değerlendirme. Ağrı. 2012;24(1):32-6. doi: 10.5505/agri.2012.17362
  • 34. Conway MA, McCollom C, Bannon C. Central venous catheter flushing recommendations: a systematic evidence-based practice review. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2014;31(4):185-90. doi: 10.1177/1043454214532028
  • 35. Rosenbluth G, Tsang L, Vittinghoff E, Wilson S, Wilson‐Ganz J, Auerbach A. Impact of decreased heparin dose for flush‐lock of implanted venous access ports in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2014;61(5):855-8. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24949
  • 36. Gorski LA. The 2016 infusion therapy standards of practice. Home Healthcare Now. 2017,;35(1): 10-8.
  • 37. Pumarola CF, Mercader RC, Plana MC, Bueno CC, Casellas SS, Vidal MF, et al. Comparative study of maintenance of patency of triple lumen central venous catheter. Enfermeria Intensiva. 2007;18(1):25-35. doi: 10.1016/s1130-2399(07)
  • 38. Schulmeister L. Implanted venous ports. In: Camp-Sorrell D, Matey L, eds. Access Device Standards of Practice for Oncology Nursing. Oncology Nursing Society; 2017: p.65-73.
  • 39. López-Briz E, Ruiz Garcia V, Cabello JB, Bort-Martí S, Carbonell Sanchis R, Burls A. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;7(7):CD008462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.
  • 40. Infusion Therapy. Standards of Practice.2021. https://journals.lww.com/journalofinfusionnursing/Citation/2021/01001/ Infusion_Therapy_Standards_of_Practice, 8th.1.aspx. Erişim Tarihi:16.03.2020

Evaluation of Activity Time of Heparin Used in Port Catheter Care

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 47 - 57, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2022.53

Abstract

Aim: The study aims to determine the duration of the activity of the heparin, which is used in theport catheter care in the catheter.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in a single-group pretest-posttest design. The universe of the study consisted of 56 cancer patients who applied to the outpatient chemotherapy unit of a university hospital for port catheter care between October 2019 and October 2020. During this period, 13 patients were excluded from the study, and the study was completed with 43 patients. After the port catheter care was performed with heparin/saline (100IU/ml), the heparin/saline amounts in the samples aspirated through the port catheter were compared at the end of the third and sixth weeks after the port catheter care. The first heparin/saline (100IU/ml) amount prepared was accepted as the pre-test value, and the heparin/saline amounts measured at the end of the third and sixth weeks were evaluated as the post-test. The data of our study were made using the GraphPad Prism7 package program. One Way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups, Dunnett's multiple comparison test was used for multiple comparisons, descriptive statistics and frequency tables were used to analyze demographic data.
Results: Twenty (46.5%) of the patients were male and 23 (53.5%) were female. The mean duration of the port catheter use is 4.62±2.69 years. The 35.3% of the individuals with chronic disease had hypertension (n=6), 35.3% (n=6) had diabetes mellitus, and 20.9% (n=9) of patients uses anticoagulant medication. After the port catheter care, heparin concentrations (mean: 55.72 IU/ml) did not decrease significantly in the third week, while heparin concentrations (mean: 39.75 IU/ml) in the sixth week showed a significant decrease.

Conclusion: It can be suggested that the effectiveness of heparin used in venous port catheter care continues at the end of the sixth week and it is appropriate to perform port maintenance every six weeks.

Project Number

T-873

References

  • 1. Green E, Macartney G, et al. Managing central venous access devices in cancerpatients: A clinical practice guideline. CONJ/RCSIO-2008. doi: 10.5737/1181912x18219.
  • 2. Carlo JT, Lamont JP, McCarty TM, Livingston S, Kuhn JA. A prospective randomized trial demonstrating valved implantable ports have fewer complications and lower overall cost than nonvalved implantable ports. The American Journal of Surgery. 2004;188(6):722-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.08.041.
  • 3. Kaygın MA, Dağ Ö, Güneş M, Şenocak M, Erkut B. Malign hastalarda intravenöz port kullanımı: 5 yıllık klinik deneyim. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi. 2012;28(1):17-21.
  • 4. Hancock-Howard R, Connolly BL, McMahon M, Menon A, Woo G, Wales PW, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of implantable venous access device insertion using interventional radiologic versus conventional operating room methods in pediatric patients with cancer. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2010;21(5):677-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.01.014
  • 5. LaRoy JR, White SB, Jayakrishnan T, Dybul S, Ungerer D, Turaga K, et al. Cost and morbidity analysis of chest port insertion: interventional radiology suite versus operating room. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2015;12(6):563-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2015.01.012
  • 6. Sticca RP, Dewing BD, Harris JD. Outcomes of surgical and radiologic placed implantable central venous access ports. The American journal of surgery. 2009;198(6):829-33. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.04.031
  • 7. Özer AB, Bayar MK. İmplante edilebilir venöz port kateter uygulamalarımızın incelenmesi. Fırat Tıp Dergisi. 2011;16(1):6-10.
  • 8. Güven C. Subkutan venöz port katater uygulamalarımızın değerlendirilmesi: 6 yıllık klinik tecrübemiz. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2020;6(1):29-40. doi: 10.30569.adiyamansaglik.624148
  • 9. Özdemir NY, Abalı H, Öksüzoğlu B, Budakoğlu B, Akmangit İ, Zengin N. It appears to be safe to start chemotherapy on the day of implantation through subcutaneous venous port catheters in inpatient setting. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2009;17(4):399-403. doi: 10.1007/s00520-008-0498-x
  • 10. Ullman AJ, Marsh N, Mihala G, Cooke M, Rickard CM. Complications of central venous access devices: A systematic review. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1331-44. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1507
  • 11. McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(12):1123-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra011883
  • 12. Nelson BE, Mayer AR, Tseng PC, Schwartz PE. Experience with the intravenous totally implanted port in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Gynecologic Oncology. doi: 10.1006/gyno.1994.109
  • 13. Dougherty L. Implanted ports: benefits, challenges and guidance for use. British Journal of Nursing. 2011;20(Sup4):S12-S9. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2011.20.Sup4.S12
  • 14. Dougherty L. Central venous access devices. Nursing Standard (through 2013). 2000;14(43):45. doi: 10.7748/ns2000.07.14.43.45.c2876.
  • 15. Garajová I, Nepoti G, Paragona M, Brandi G, Biasco G. Port‐a‐Cath‐related complications in 252 patients with solid tissue tumours and the first report of heparin‐induced delayed hypersensitivity after Port‐a‐Cath heparinisation. European Journal of Cancer Care. 2013;22(1):125-32. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12008
  • 16. Warttinger U, Giese C, Krämer R. Comparison of Heparin Red, Azure A and Toluidine Blue assays for direct quantification of heparins in human plasma. arXiv preprint arXiv:171203377. 2017. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1712.03377
  • 17. Ignatov A, Ignatov T, Taran A, Smith B, Costa S-D, Bischoff J. Interval between port catheter flushing can be extended to four months. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2010;70(2):91-4. doi: 10.1159/000294919
  • 18. Girda E, Phaeton R, Goldberg GL, Kuo DY. Extending the interval for port-a-cath maintenance. Modern Chemotherapy. 2013;2(2):15-8. doi: 10.4236/mc.2013.22003
  • 19. Goossens G, Jérôme M, Janssens C, Peetermans W, Fieuws S, Moons P, et al. Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non-valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial. Annals of Oncology. 2013;24(7):1892-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt114
  • 20. Turan D, Cantük F, Kalenderer Ö, Özel A, Divrik T, Karaçelik M. 2013. Kateter Uygulamaları Bakım Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara. https://docplayer.biz.tr/4051962-Kateter-uygulamalari-ve-bakim-rehberi-2013.html Erişim Tarihi:16.03.2020
  • 21. Goossens GA. Flushing and locking of venous catheters: available evidence and evidence deficit. Nursing research and practice. 2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/985686
  • 22. Nailon R, O’Neill S, Cowdery P, Wardian Hartung S, Tyner K, Tomb P. Standardizing central venous catheter care: hospital to home. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). 2012.
  • 23. Ulusal Damar Erişimi Yönetimi Rehberi, Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi 2019;23(Ek 1):1- 54.
  • 24. Arch P. Port navigation: let the journey begin. Clinical journal of oncology nursing. 2007;11(4):485. doi: 10.1188/07.CJON.485-488
  • 25. López‐Briz E, Garcia VR, Cabello JB, Bort‐Marti S, Sanchis RC, Burls A. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014(10). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub2
  • 26. Zhong L, Wang H-L, Xu B, Yuan Y, Wang X, et al. Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care. 2017;21(1):1-9. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1585-x
  • 27. López‐Briz E, Garcia VR, Cabello JB, Bort‐Martí S, Sanchis RC, Burls A. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018(7). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub3
  • 28. Tuna Oran N. Port kateter: Venöz erişimi nasıl sağlayabiliriz? Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2009:136-142.
  • 29. Karayavuz A. Kateter Hemşireliği. Türk Hematoloji Derneği Kurs Kitabı. 2006:58-61.
  • 30. Salman T, Türkyılmaz D, Yavuzşen T, Somalı I, Alacacioğlu A, Koca D, ve ark. Tıbbi Onkologlar Tarafından Yerleştirilen Santral Venöz Port Kateterlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi. Acta Oncologıca Turcıca. 2016;49(2):102-10. doi: 10.5505/aot.2016.29290
  • 31. Dalgıç N, Şahbudak Bal Z, Aldemir Kocabaş B, Devrim İ, Cengiz AB. Kateter türleri, epidemiyoloji, tanımlar, tanı yöntemleri. J Pediatr Inf. 2021;15(Ek 1):1-12. doi: 10.5578/ced.20219901
  • 32. Devrim İ, Aldemir Kocabaş B, Şahbudak Bal Z, Dalgıç N, Cengiz AB. Kateter içi yıkama. J Pediatr Inf 2021;15(Ek 1):43-46. doi: 10.5578/ced.20219904
  • 33. Süslü H, Arslan G, Tural K. Erişkin hastalarda venöz port implantasyonu: Retrospektif değerlendirme. Ağrı. 2012;24(1):32-6. doi: 10.5505/agri.2012.17362
  • 34. Conway MA, McCollom C, Bannon C. Central venous catheter flushing recommendations: a systematic evidence-based practice review. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2014;31(4):185-90. doi: 10.1177/1043454214532028
  • 35. Rosenbluth G, Tsang L, Vittinghoff E, Wilson S, Wilson‐Ganz J, Auerbach A. Impact of decreased heparin dose for flush‐lock of implanted venous access ports in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2014;61(5):855-8. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24949
  • 36. Gorski LA. The 2016 infusion therapy standards of practice. Home Healthcare Now. 2017,;35(1): 10-8.
  • 37. Pumarola CF, Mercader RC, Plana MC, Bueno CC, Casellas SS, Vidal MF, et al. Comparative study of maintenance of patency of triple lumen central venous catheter. Enfermeria Intensiva. 2007;18(1):25-35. doi: 10.1016/s1130-2399(07)
  • 38. Schulmeister L. Implanted venous ports. In: Camp-Sorrell D, Matey L, eds. Access Device Standards of Practice for Oncology Nursing. Oncology Nursing Society; 2017: p.65-73.
  • 39. López-Briz E, Ruiz Garcia V, Cabello JB, Bort-Martí S, Carbonell Sanchis R, Burls A. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;7(7):CD008462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.
  • 40. Infusion Therapy. Standards of Practice.2021. https://journals.lww.com/journalofinfusionnursing/Citation/2021/01001/ Infusion_Therapy_Standards_of_Practice, 8th.1.aspx. Erişim Tarihi:16.03.2020
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Article
Authors

Ayşe Sarı 0000-0003-0621-4838

Tuğba Sezer This is me 0000-0002-3338-5600

Serap Şahin Bölükbaşı 0000-0003-1057-2558

Gülgün Sevimligül 0000-0001-5698-4027

Sema Kılıç This is me 0000-0001-7377-4371

Serap Yıldız This is me 0000-0002-6103-5341

Birsen Yücel 0000-0002-0083-6866

Project Number T-873
Publication Date May 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Sarı A, Sezer T, Şahin Bölükbaşı S, Sevimligül G, Kılıç S, Yıldız S, Yücel B. Port Kateter Bakımında Kullanılan Heparinin Etkinlik Süresinin Değerlendirilmesi/ Evaluation of Activity Time of Heparin Used in Port Catheter Care. JoNN. 2022;17(2):47-5.

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