Tûn’den Toruń’a: Tûsî Çiftine İlişkin Girift Ayrıntılar

Abstract

Nicholas Copernicus ve onun İslami selefleri arasındaki olası bağlantılara ilişkin tartışmalarda, “Tûsî Çifti”, bu aktarımın gerçekliğini hem destekleyenler hem de eleştirenler tarafından sıklıkla dile getirilmiştir. Ancak daha önceki bir makalede belirttiğim gibi, Ptolemaios astronomisindeki düzensiz gök hareketleriyle başa çıkmak için İslam astronomları tarafından icat edilen diğer matematiksel aletlerle birlikte “Tûsî Çifti” de, Kopernik Güneş merkezliliğinin ortaya çıkmasında İslami astronomi ve doğa felsefesinin genel önemi düşünüldüğünde ikincil öneme sahip olabilir. Yine de Nasîrüddîn et-Tûsî’nin (597-672/1201-74) astronomik aletlerinin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması, bize astronomik modellerin aktarımı hakkında önemli kanıtlar sunmakta ve kültürlerarası bilimsel aktarım konusunda bazı dersler vermektedir. Bundan dolayı bu makalede, ilk olarak İran’daki Azerbaycan’dan Bizans’a doğru yayılmaya başlayan ve on altıncı yüzyıla kadar devam eden bu aktarım hakkında bildiklerimizi özetlemeye çalışacağım. Bildiklerimizde hala birçok boşluk olmasına rağmen, kanıtlara dayanmak suretiyle kültürlerarası aktarım açıklamasının bağımsız ve paralel keşif varsayımından daha kuvvetli olduğunu savunuyorum.

Keywords

• Ṭûsî
• et-Tezkire
• Tûsî çifti
• Copernicus
• Kültürlerarası Bilimsel Aktarım
• Intercultural Scientific Transmission

From Tūn to Toruń: The Twists and Turns of the Ṭûsî-Couple

Abstract

In discussions of the possible connections between Copernicus and his Islamic predecessors, the “Ṭūsī-couple” has often been invoked by both supporters and detractors of the actuality of this transmission. But as I maintained in an earlier article, the “Ṭūsī-couple”, as well as other mathematical devices invented by Islamic astronomers to deal with irregular celestial motions in Ptolemaic astronomy, may be of secondary importance when considering the overall significance of Islamic astronomy and natural philosophy in the bringing forth of Copernican heliocentrism.1 Nevertheless, the development and use of Ṭūsī’s astronomical devices does provide us with important evidence regarding the transmission of astronomical models and lessons about intercultural scientific transmission. So in this article, I will attempt to summarize what we know about that transmission, beginning with the first diffusion from Azerbaijan in Iran to Byzantium and continuing to the sixteenth century. Though there are still many gaps in our knowledge, I will maintain, based on the evidence, that intercultural transmission is more compelling as an explanation than an assumption of independent and parallel discovery.

Keywords

• Tûsî
• al-Tadhkira
• Tûsî couple
• Intercultural Scientific Transmission

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