Abstract
Toshihiko Izutsu is an orientalist scientist who studied
on several religions. He also produced important works about Islam and the
Qur'an. In this article, Izutsu’s works Ethico and Religious Concepts in the
Qur'an and Allah and Man in the Qur'an are examined. The methodology he uses in his studies is
semantic, he explains the methodology he adopted in his studies and adheres to
it. Semantics
can be briefly expressed as meaning scholarship. He tries to explain with the examples how the moral
concepts in the Qur'an have changed with the Qur'an. There is also an
educational reality of the moral concepts that Izutsu emphasizes in his work. In this respect, analyzing the texts that
focuses on the Qur'an-moral relation from an educational perspective can have
significant results. The works of Izutsu are considered important in terms of
understanding the Qur'an-moral and Qur'an-education relationship. Therefore,
the study is expected to make an important contribution to moral educators. The
main problem of the study is understanding how Izutsu established the
Qur'an-moral relationship. The questions sought in the study are:
What are the themes emerging in the Qur'an-moral
relationship in the works of Izutsu?
How the themes emerging in the Qur'an-moral relationship can
be evaluated educationally?
In this research, content analysis is used as a
method. Content analysis is a method used to understand and analyze a content.
Some of the results Izutsu has achieved in his work are as follows: The Quran
has seriously influenced the moral traditions of the Arabs. The Quran has
redefined many traditional moral concepts used by arabic society. The Quran engaged
these concepts to a universal principle. The most focal word in the Quran is
Allah. In this respect, the basic concept that dominates moral concepts is
Allah. Izutsu's moral concept analysis and his views on moral or value
education were evaluated.
Keywords:
Religious Education, Morality, Value, Moral Education, Izutsu.
Summary
Toshihiko Izutsu is a Japanese orientalist scientist who has
many studies on living religions. He produced important works especially about
Islam and his holy book, Qur'an. In this article, Izutsu’s works Ethico and
Religious Concepts in the Qur'an and Allah and Man in the Qur'an are
examined. It can be seen that the author explains his methodology, ensures the
integrity of the subject and prevents misunderstandings, and remains true to his
methodology until the end of his studies. The methodology used by Izutsu in his
works is semantic. Semantics can
be briefly expressed as meaning scholarship. In line with the principles
of semantic science, the researcher examines, analyzes and makes some
evaluations on the moral concepts in the Qur'an. He tries to explain how some
of the basic concepts related to morality in the ancient tradition of the Arabs
had changed and improved over time with the Qur'an's verses. It can be said
that semantic science facilitates the work of the author in explaining the
change in moral concepts. However, despite the methodological approach of the
author, he is subjected to some criticism. The critics state that Izutsu's
semantic science abandons some basic principles; he shapes and interprets them
according to him. It has been argued that the information obtained with this
new methodological approach cannot be called as the Quranic semantics. Furthermore,
it is also claimed that the author ignores the basic sources of information
other than the semantic science and classical Arabic poetry. In particular, it
has been criticized that he does not use the basic religious resources of Islam
sufficiently.
The main determining factors for the general characteristic
of an ideal Muslim are in the Qur’an and the the sunnah of the Prophet. So the
first step in moral education is to reveal the point of view of the Qur'an. It
is necessary to try to determine the characteristics of the people that Islamic
religious education wants to create from this basic source. In this respect, it
can be important implications to study the works that examine the Qur'an-moral
relation especially in terms of education. The moral concepts in the work of
Izutsu also point to an educational reality. The importance of the study seems
to have increased in terms of understanding the point of view of the Qur'an.
Izutsu's work is considered
important to understand the Qur'an as a whole and to understand the
Qur'an-morality and the Qur'an-education relationships. Therefore, the study is
expected to make a vital contribution to moral educators. The main problem of
the study is understanding how Izutsu establishes the Qur'an-moral
relationship. The questions sought in the study are:
What are the themes emerging in the Qur'an-moral
relationship in the works of Izutsu?
How the themes emerging in the
Qur'an-moral relationship can be evaluated educationally?
In the research, the content analysis is used as a suitable
method in order to answer the main problems. Content analysis stands out as a
method used to understand and analyze a content. The main purpose of content
analysis is to reveal the common aspects of a big amount of textual content,
thereby reaching concepts and relationships that can explain the data in the
texts. The basic process in this method is to gather similar data within the
framework of certain concepts and themes and to organize and interpret them in
a way that the reader can understand. Based on my studies of Izutsu, different
themes are created to make the subject easy to understand.
The themes created in the study and some of the results obtained within
the framework of these themes are as follows: Izutsu defends that man has a
moral nature, potentially moral ability. According to him, although they live
in different cultures, people have a moral tradition. Ignorant Arabs also had a
close relationship with their morals and virtues. However, the Quran has had a
serious impact on the moral traditions of the Arabs. In this context, the Qur'an
has redefined many moral concepts and filled them in the way prescribed by
Islam. Izutsu alleges that the author of the Quran changed the meaning of some
moral concepts. According to him, Islam has placed the absolute satisfaction of
Allah on the moral virtues made for the purpose of nation. Thus, the Qur'an has
put an aim on some moral concepts of Arabs. He says that the most focal word in
the Quran is Allah. As with all matters, God guided all other concepts in
morality. It influenced and shaped them. From this point, Izutsu argues that
according to the religion of Islam, Allah is the supreme being, therefore, the
highest value. According to him, a Quran-centered mentality makes no
distinction between the religious and the moral. From this point of view,
Izutsu claims that the Qur'an adopts the view that religion and morality are
inseparable. In this study, along
with the moral concept analysis in Izutsu's work, his views on moral/value
education are also evaluated.
Toshihiko Izutsu, oryantalist bir bilim insanıdır. Birçok dinle ilgili
çalışması bulunan Izutsu, İslâm ve Kuran’la ilgili de önemli eserler ortaya
koymuştur. Bu makale çalışmasında Izutsu’nun Kur’ân'da Dînî ve Ahlâkî
Kavramlar ile Kur’ân’da Allah ve İnsan adlı eserleri incelenmiştir.
Müellifin, çalışmalarında benimsediği metodolojiyi açıkladığı ve bu
metodolojiye bağlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Izutsu’nun kullandığı metodoloji
semantiktir. Semantik kısaca anlam bilimi olarak ifade edilebilir. Kur’ân’daki
ahlâkî kavramların Kuran’la birlikte nasıl bir değişime uğradığını örneklerle
açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Izutsu’nun
çalışmasında üzerinde durduğu ahlaki kavramların eğitsel bir gerçekliği de
vardır. Bu yönüyle özellikle Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisini inceleyen eserleri eğitsel
açıdan incelemenin önemli doğurguları olabilir. Izutsu’nun çalışmaları Kur’ân-ahlak,
Kur’ân-eğitim ilişkisini anlamak adına önemli görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı
çalışmanın ahlak eğitimcilerine önemli bir katkı yapması beklenmektedir.
Çalışmanın temel problemi Izutsu’nun Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisini nasıl kurduğudur.
Çalışmada cevapları aranan sorular şunlardır:
Izutsu’nun
çalışmalarında Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisinde ortaya çıkan temalar hangileridir?
Kur’ân-ahlak
ilişkisinde ortaya çıkan temalar eğitsel açıdan nasıl değerlendirilebilir?
Bu
araştırmada yöntem olarak içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi bir
muhtevayı anlamak ve analiz etmek için kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Izutsu’nun
çalışmalarında elde ettiği bazı sonuçlar şunlardır: Kur’ân, Arapların ahlâk
geleneklerini çok ciddi bir şekilde etkiledi. Kur’ân, arap toplumunun
kullandığı birçok geleneksel ahlaki kavramı yeniden tanımladı. Bu kavramları
evrensel bir ilkeye bağladı. Kur’ân’daki
en odak kelime Allah’tır. Bu açıdan ahlaki kavramlara yön veren temel kavram da
Allah’tır. Izutsu’nun ahlâkî kavram analizleri ve ahlak/değer eğitimine ilişkin
görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 30, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: 1 |