Kurtuluştan Ma’neviyyâta: Doğu Asya’dan Bakışla Dinlerin Güncel Dönüşümü

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 1185 - 1209, 30.12.2020

Shimazono Susumu Translator: Yetkin Karaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.14395/hititilahiyat.772843

Abstract

Günümüz dünyasında egemen seküler görüşe karşı dinî bir dünya görüşünü yeniden kurma eğilimi bulunmaktadır. Bu eğilim geleneksel dinlere dönüş, ma’neviyyâtın yükselişi ve modern kurumsal alanda dindarlığın artışı olmak üzere üç açıdan gözlemlenebilmektedir. Ma’neviyyâtın yükselişi, bu makalenin ana odak noktasıdır. Yazar, başta ekonomik açıdan gelişmiş ülkelerde olmak üzere yeni bir ma’neviyyâtın ortaya çıktığı ve yayıldığı tarihsel süreci incelemektedir. Yazar, insanların kurtuluşa olan inancına karşın bu fenomenin şüphecilik ile ilgili olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Ekonomik açıdan gelişmiş ülkelerde dünya görüşünün güncel bir dönüşümü, "dinden ma’neviyyâta" şeklinde görülebilmekte, diğer taraftan bu dönüşümü “kurtuluştan ma’neviyyâta" şeklinde adlandırmak daha uygun olabilmektedir. Geleneksel dinlerin dışında gelişen “yeni ma’neviyyât" ile geleneksel dinlerde gelişen ma’neviyyâta verilen önem arasında mantıksal bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Din ve ma’neviyyât arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak için din ve ma’neviyyâtın genel geçer olmayan tanımları teklif edilmektedir. Din ve yeni ma’neviyyât arasında bir gerilim olmasına rağmen, başka bir açıdan din ve yeni ma’neviyyât, birbirini tamamlayıcıdır. Burada önerilen tamamlayıcı anlayış, dinî tarihin Doğu Asya perspektifini yansıtmaktadır.

Keywords

Kurtuluş Dini, Dinî Canlanma, Mânevî Dünya, Ma’neviyyât, Dinî Canlanma, Mânevî Dünya, Yeni Ma’neviyyât

From Salvation to Spirituality: The Contemporary Transformation of Religions Viewed from East Asia

Abstract

In the contemporary world there is a trend to restore a religious world view against the dominant secularist view. Three aspects can be observed: 1. a return to traditional religions; 2. the rise of spirituality; and 3. an increase in religiosity within the modern institutional sphere. In this article the main focus is on the rise of spirituality. The author examines the historical process through which a new spirituality, mainly in economically advanced countries, has emerged and spread. The author proposes that this phenomena is related to skepticism against people’s faith in salvation. In economically advanced countries, a contemporary transformation of the world view can be seen as “from religion to spirituality,” but it may be more appropriate to call this transformation “from salvation to spirituality.” There is continuity between “new spirituality,” which develops outside the traditional religions, and an emphasis on spirituality which develops within the traditional religions. In order to understand the relationship between religion and spirituality, provisional definitions of religion and spirituality are proposed. Although there is a tension between religion and new spirituality, from another viewpoint religion and new spirituality are complementary. The understanding of this complement proposed here reflects an East Asian perspective of religious history.

Keywords

New Spirituality, Salvation Religion, Religious Resurgence, Spiritual World, Spiritual World

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