Abstract
In the period of the collapse of Ottoman Empire and transition to Republic, Turkish intellectuals thoughts on religion, especially the intellectuals who anyway had a relation with West, are quite interesting. One of these intellectuals is Ahmat Agaoglu, Azerbaijani rooted. This work aims to investigate how he looks at religion and the relation of religion to human life and how he views affect of religion in socio-cultural structure of Turkish society. In addition to this, his critics made against some religious issues such as nationalism, woman, family will be dealt with. However, one of the most interesting subjects of that period is reform endeavors. What reasons he puts forward in this issue are and his proposals about how religious education and instruction should be fulfilled will be examined.