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The Role of Sedation and Local Anesthesia in Acute Subdural Hematoma Surgery in the Elderly Popula-tion

Year 2024, , 307 - 312, 14.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1516513

Abstract

Objective: In the elderly population, subdural hematoma represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The surgical and anesthesia techniques for managing this condition have progressively evolved. Unlike numerous studies that compare chronic cases managed under general anesthesia and sedation, our study uniquely focuses on acute subdural hematoma cases.
Material and Method: From 2020 to 2024, a retrospective study reviewed 54 patients aged 65 and older who underwent surgery for acute subdural hematoma. The patients were categorized into two groups: sedation (n=26) and general anesthesia (n=28). Data on surgical duration, hospital and intensive care unit stays, and mortality rates were collected from hospital archives. The general anesthesia group received midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium, while the sedation group received midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol. Subdural drains were universally placed and removed after postoperative brain computed tomography.
Results: The mortality rate was significantly lower in the sedation group compared to the general anesthesia group (p=0.024). Surgical duration was shorter in the sedation group (p<0.001), and the intensive care unit stay was also significantly reduced (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in regular ward stay between the groups (p=0.212). The time from surgery to discharge was significantly shorter in the sedation group (p<0.001). Sedation facilitated lower bleeding and medication doses, enabled early mobilization, and potentially increased the benefit-to-risk ratio of surgery.
Conclusion: While many studies compare general anesthesia and sedation in chronic subdural hematoma surgery, our study is the first to compare these approaches in elderly patients with acute subdural hematoma. We found shorter surgical times and lower complication rates with sedation.

Project Number

2024-94

References

  • Katsuki M, Kakizawa Y, Nishikawa A, et al. Fifteen Cases of Endoscopic Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematoma with Small Craniotomy under Local Anesthesia: Endoscopic Hematoma Removal Reduces the Intraoperative Bleeding Amount and the Operative Time Compared with Craniotomy in Patients Aged 70 or Older. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2020;60:439-449.
  • Havryliv T, Devinyak O, Yartym O, Smolanka A, Volodymyr S, Okoro EU. Single-Center Comparison of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Evacuation Outcomes Under Local Versus General Anesthesia. World Neurosurg 2024;184:e39-e44.
  • Di Rienzo A, Iacoangeli M, Alvaro L, et al. Mini-Craniotomy under Local Anesthesia to Treat Acute Subdural Hematoma in Deteriorating Elderly Patients. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2017;78:535-540.
  • Feghali J, Yang W, Huang J. Updates in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Outcome. World Neurosurg 2020;141:339-345.
  • Dieteren CM, van Hulsen MAJ, Rohde KIM, van Exel J. How should ICU beds be allocated during a crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270996.
  • Kallel H, Houcke S, Resiere D, et al. Epidemiology and Prognosis of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Bloodstream Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103:508-514.
  • Wong HM, Woo XL, Goh CH, et al. Chronic Subdural Hematoma Drainage Under Local Anesthesia with Sedation versus General Anesthesia and Its Outcome. World Neurosurg 2022;157:e276-e85.
  • Ashry A, Al-Shami H, Gamal M, Salah AM. Local anesthesia versus general anesthesia for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients above 70 years old. Surg Neurol Int 2022;13:13.
  • Liu E, Zhou A, Tilbury N, Persad A, Radic J. Chronic Subdural Hematoma Drainage under Local versus General Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024;184:e154-e65.
  • Zhuang Z, Chen Z, Chen H, et al. Using Local Anesthesia for Burr Hole Surgery of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Reduces Postoperative Complications, Length of Stay, and Hospitalization Cost: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a Single Center. Front Surg 2022;9:783885.
  • Mahmood SD, Waqas M, Baig MZ, Darbar A. Mini-Craniotomy Under Local Anesthesia for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An Effective Choice for Elderly Patients and for Patients in a Resource- Strained Environment. World Neurosurg 2017;106:676-679.
  • Tamura R, Kuroshima Y, Nakamura Y. Neuroendoscopic Removal of Acute Subdural Hematoma with Contusion: Advantages for Elderly Patients. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016;2016:2056190.
  • Yokosuka K, Uno M, Matsumura K, et al. Endoscopic hematoma evacuation for acute and subacute subdural hematoma in elderly patients. J Neurosurg 2015;123:1065-1069.
  • Kawasaki T, Kurosaki Y, Fukuda H, et al. Flexible endoscopically assisted evacuation of acute and subacute subdural hematoma through a small craniotomy: preliminary results. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018;160:241-248.
  • Yue JK, Haddad AF, Wang AS, et al. Evacuation of a multi-loculated acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma using tandem bedside subdural evacuation port systems. Trauma Case Rep 2022;40:100668.
  • Fomchenko EI, Gilmore EJ, Matouk CC, Gerrard JL, Sheth KN. Management of Subdural Hematomas: Part II. Surgical Management of Subdural Hematomas. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018;20:34.
  • Yakar F, Egemen E, Dere UA, et al. Subdural Hematoma Evacuation via Rigid Endoscopy System: A Cadaveric Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021;32:e402-e405.

Yaşlı Populasyonda Akut Subdural Hematom Cerrahisinde Sedasyon Lokal Anestezinin Yeri

Year 2024, , 307 - 312, 14.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1516513

Abstract

Amaç: Yaşlı popülasyonda sık görülen subdural hematom, önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Bu patolojinin cerrahisi ve anestezi uygulama teknikleri zamanla evrimleşmiştir. Genel anestezi ve sedasyon altında yapılan kronik subdural hematom cerrahilerinin karşılaştırılması literatürde çokça yer alırken, bu çalışmamızda farklı olarak benzer perspektiften akut subdural hematom vakaları tartışılacaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 2020 - 2024 yıllarında akut subdural hematom nedeniyle opere edilen 65 yaş üzeri 54 hasta sedasyon (n=26) ve genel anestezi grubu (n=28) olarak iki gruba ayrılarak cerrahi süreleri, servis ve yoğun bakım ünitesi kalış süreleri ve mortalite oranları retrospektif olarak hastane arşivinden taranmıştır. Genel anestezi grubuna uygun dozda midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, roküronyum; sedasyon grubuna ise midazolam, fentanyl, propofol uygulanmıştır. Tüm hastalara subdural dren yerleştirilmiş ve postoperatif beyin tomografileri çekildikten sonra drenleri çekilmiştir.
Bulgular: Mortalite oranı, sedasyon grubunda genel anestezi grubuna kıyasla daha düşük olarak saptanmıştır (p=0.024). Cerrahi sürenin sedasyon grubunda daha kısa olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.001). Yoğun bakım ünitesinde kalış süresinin sedasyon grubunda anlamlı şekilde daha kısa olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Gruplar arasında hastanede kalma süresi açısından bir fark saptanmamıştır (p=0.212). Ameliyat ile taburculuk arasında geçen sürenin sedasyon grubunda belirgin şekilde daha kısa olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.001). Sedasyon grubunda kanamanın az olması ve alınan ilaç dozunun düşük olması, hastaya erken mobilizasyon olanağı sağlamıştır. Bu durum, erken mobilizasyonu ve cerrahiden sağlanan fayda oranını artırmıştır.
Sonuç: Kronik subdural hematom cerrahisinde genel anestezi ve sedasyonu karşılaştıran birçok çalışma mevcutken, çalışmamız ileri yaş akut subdural hematom vakalarında genel anestezi ve sedasyonun karşılaştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Sedasyonla yapılan akut subdural hematom olgularında ameliyat süresi ve komplikasyon oranı daha düşük saptanmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Araştınna başvurunuz etik açıdan uygun bulunmuştur.

Supporting Institution

T.C. HiTiT ÜNiVERSiTESi GiRJŞ1MSEL OLMA YAN ARAŞTIRMALAR ETiK KURULU

Project Number

2024-94

References

  • Katsuki M, Kakizawa Y, Nishikawa A, et al. Fifteen Cases of Endoscopic Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematoma with Small Craniotomy under Local Anesthesia: Endoscopic Hematoma Removal Reduces the Intraoperative Bleeding Amount and the Operative Time Compared with Craniotomy in Patients Aged 70 or Older. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2020;60:439-449.
  • Havryliv T, Devinyak O, Yartym O, Smolanka A, Volodymyr S, Okoro EU. Single-Center Comparison of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Evacuation Outcomes Under Local Versus General Anesthesia. World Neurosurg 2024;184:e39-e44.
  • Di Rienzo A, Iacoangeli M, Alvaro L, et al. Mini-Craniotomy under Local Anesthesia to Treat Acute Subdural Hematoma in Deteriorating Elderly Patients. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2017;78:535-540.
  • Feghali J, Yang W, Huang J. Updates in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Outcome. World Neurosurg 2020;141:339-345.
  • Dieteren CM, van Hulsen MAJ, Rohde KIM, van Exel J. How should ICU beds be allocated during a crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270996.
  • Kallel H, Houcke S, Resiere D, et al. Epidemiology and Prognosis of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Bloodstream Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103:508-514.
  • Wong HM, Woo XL, Goh CH, et al. Chronic Subdural Hematoma Drainage Under Local Anesthesia with Sedation versus General Anesthesia and Its Outcome. World Neurosurg 2022;157:e276-e85.
  • Ashry A, Al-Shami H, Gamal M, Salah AM. Local anesthesia versus general anesthesia for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients above 70 years old. Surg Neurol Int 2022;13:13.
  • Liu E, Zhou A, Tilbury N, Persad A, Radic J. Chronic Subdural Hematoma Drainage under Local versus General Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024;184:e154-e65.
  • Zhuang Z, Chen Z, Chen H, et al. Using Local Anesthesia for Burr Hole Surgery of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Reduces Postoperative Complications, Length of Stay, and Hospitalization Cost: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a Single Center. Front Surg 2022;9:783885.
  • Mahmood SD, Waqas M, Baig MZ, Darbar A. Mini-Craniotomy Under Local Anesthesia for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An Effective Choice for Elderly Patients and for Patients in a Resource- Strained Environment. World Neurosurg 2017;106:676-679.
  • Tamura R, Kuroshima Y, Nakamura Y. Neuroendoscopic Removal of Acute Subdural Hematoma with Contusion: Advantages for Elderly Patients. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016;2016:2056190.
  • Yokosuka K, Uno M, Matsumura K, et al. Endoscopic hematoma evacuation for acute and subacute subdural hematoma in elderly patients. J Neurosurg 2015;123:1065-1069.
  • Kawasaki T, Kurosaki Y, Fukuda H, et al. Flexible endoscopically assisted evacuation of acute and subacute subdural hematoma through a small craniotomy: preliminary results. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018;160:241-248.
  • Yue JK, Haddad AF, Wang AS, et al. Evacuation of a multi-loculated acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma using tandem bedside subdural evacuation port systems. Trauma Case Rep 2022;40:100668.
  • Fomchenko EI, Gilmore EJ, Matouk CC, Gerrard JL, Sheth KN. Management of Subdural Hematomas: Part II. Surgical Management of Subdural Hematomas. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018;20:34.
  • Yakar F, Egemen E, Dere UA, et al. Subdural Hematoma Evacuation via Rigid Endoscopy System: A Cadaveric Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021;32:e402-e405.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Brain and Nerve Surgery (Neurosurgery)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Cemil Kılınç 0000-0003-4058-6504

Alperen Kısa 0000-0003-3699-2032

Baran Can Alpergin 0000-0002-3575-0480

Emre Bahir Mete 0000-0002-8317-0253

Project Number 2024-94
Publication Date October 14, 2024
Submission Date July 15, 2024
Acceptance Date September 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

AMA Kılınç MC, Kısa A, Alpergin BC, Mete EB. The Role of Sedation and Local Anesthesia in Acute Subdural Hematoma Surgery in the Elderly Popula-tion. Hitit Medical Journal. October 2024;6(3):307-312. doi:10.52827/hititmedj.1516513