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Pandeminin Gölgesinde Geçen 2 Yıl: Sorularla COVID-19

Year 2022, , 22 - 28, 27.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.937077

Abstract

COVID-19 salgını ilk olarak 2019 yılında Çin’de başlamıştır. SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün neden olduğu bu hastalık kısa süre içinde bir pandemi haline gelmiştir. COVID-19’un beraberinde getirdiği toplumsal problemler, bu hastalıkla ilgili temel ve kanıta dayalı bilgilere yönelik çok sayıda soru gündeme getirmiştir. COVID-19 ile ilgili aşı ve tedavi çalışmaları artan hızda devam etmektedir. Bu makalede, COVID-19’un virolojisi, immünolojisi, tanısı, komorbiditeleri, epidemiyolojisi, tedavisi ve aşı geliştirme çalışmaları hakkında bazı sorular cevaplanmıştır.

References

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  • 8. Hui KPY, Cheung MC, Perera RAPM et al. Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:687-695.
  • 9. Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020;581:465-469.
  • 10. Arabacı C, Aydın Tutak G, Eroglu Kesim B et al. SARS CoV-2 Virüsünün Özellikleri ve Mikrobiyolojik Tanısı. Eur Arc Med Res 2020;36:10-20.
  • 11. Cevik M, Bamford CG, Ho A. COVID-19 pandemic-a focused review for clinicians. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:842-847.
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  • 13. Bialek S, Gierke R, Bowen V. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:422–426.
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  • 17. Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS. Crucial Laboratory Parameters in COVID19 Diagnosis and Prognosis:An Updated Meta-Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal 2020;155:143–151.
  • 18. Moutchia J, Pokharel P, Kerri A et al. Clinical laboratory parameters associated with severe or critical novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and metaanalysis. PLoS One 2020;15:e0239802. ealth Res. 2020;4(3):240-249.
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  • 21. Astuti I, Ysrafil Y. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure nd host response. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:407-412.
  • 22. Çokuğraş H, Önal P. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Turk Pediatri Ars 2020;55:95–102.
  • 23. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Resp Med 2020;8:21.
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  • 27. Sawalha AH, Zhao M, Coit P, Lu Q. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients. Clin Immun 2020;215:108410.
  • 28. Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. Covid19 does not lead to a “typical” acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2020;201:1299–300.
  • 29. Kahraman Kılbaş EP, Altındiş M, Yılancıoğlu K et al. Update on the First Year of COVID-19. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2021;10:44.
  • 30. Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HD et al. An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19. Current Pharmacology Reports 2020;6:56-70.
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  • 32. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends 2020;14:72-73.
  • 33. Cevik M, Marcus J, Buckee C, Smith T. SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics should inform policy. Clin Infect Dis 2021;73: 170-176.
  • 34. Hui KPY, Cheung MC, Perera RAPM et al. Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:687-695.
  • 35. Thevarajan I, Nguyen THO, Koutsakos M et al. Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19. Nat Med 2020;26:453-455.
  • 36. Rodda LB, Netland J, Shehata L et al. Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory persists after mild COVID-19. Cell 2021;184:169-183.
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  • 39. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19 (Erişim tarihi 27 Ekim 2021).
  • 40. Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X. Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immunecross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nat Commun 2020;1620:11

2 Years in the Shadow of the Pandemic: COVID-19 with Questions

Year 2022, , 22 - 28, 27.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.937077

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak first started in China in 2019. This disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, soon became a pandemic. The social problems brought about by COVID-19 have raised many questions about basic and evidence-based information about this disease. Vaccine and treatment studies related to COVID-19 continue at an increasing rate. In this article, some questions about the virology, immunology, diagnosis, comorbidities, epidemiology, treatment and vaccine development studies of COVID-19 are answered.

References

  • 1. Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO. The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance. JAMA 2020;323:709-710.
  • 2. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscapeof-covid-19-candidate-vaccines (Erişim tarihi 27 Kasım 2021).
  • 3. De Wit E, Van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016;14:523–534.
  • 4. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020;579:270-273.
  • 5. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2003;426:450-454.
  • 6. Tsan-Yuk LT, Ho-Hin SM, Tong YG et al. Identifying SARS-CoV-2- related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature 2020; 583:282-285.
  • 7. Weston S, Frieman MB. COVID-19: knowns, unknowns, and questions. mSphere 2020;5:1-5.
  • 8. Hui KPY, Cheung MC, Perera RAPM et al. Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:687-695.
  • 9. Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020;581:465-469.
  • 10. Arabacı C, Aydın Tutak G, Eroglu Kesim B et al. SARS CoV-2 Virüsünün Özellikleri ve Mikrobiyolojik Tanısı. Eur Arc Med Res 2020;36:10-20.
  • 11. Cevik M, Bamford CG, Ho A. COVID-19 pandemic-a focused review for clinicians. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:842-847.
  • 12. Klompas M, Baker MA, Rhee C. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: theoretical considerations and available evidence. JAMA 2020;324:441-442.
  • 13. Bialek S, Gierke R, Bowen V. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:422–426.
  • 14. Parri N, Lenge M, Buonsenso D. Children with COVID-19 in pediatric emergency departments in Italy. N Engl J Med 2020;383:187-190.
  • 15. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/risks-of-the-deltavariant-for-vaccinated-vs-unvaccinated-people (Erişim tarihi 3 Ekim 2021).
  • 16. Kordzadeh-Kermani E, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of COVID-19. Future Microbiol 2020;15:1287-1305.
  • 17. Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS. Crucial Laboratory Parameters in COVID19 Diagnosis and Prognosis:An Updated Meta-Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal 2020;155:143–151.
  • 18. Moutchia J, Pokharel P, Kerri A et al. Clinical laboratory parameters associated with severe or critical novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and metaanalysis. PLoS One 2020;15:e0239802. ealth Res. 2020;4(3):240-249.
  • 19. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-antigentest-help-rapid-detection-virus-causes (Erişim tarihi 10 Ekim 2021).
  • 20. Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV1. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1564-1567.
  • 21. Astuti I, Ysrafil Y. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure nd host response. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:407-412.
  • 22. Çokuğraş H, Önal P. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Turk Pediatri Ars 2020;55:95–102.
  • 23. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Resp Med 2020;8:21.
  • 24. Cao W, Li T. COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis. Cell Res 2020;30:367–369.
  • 25. Roberts A, Paddock C, Vogel L, Butler E, Zaki S, Subbarao K. Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans. J Virol 2005;79:5833-5838.
  • 26. Frieman M, Yount B, Agnihothram S et al. Molecular determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence in young and aged mouse models of human disease. J Virol 2012;86:884-897.
  • 27. Sawalha AH, Zhao M, Coit P, Lu Q. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients. Clin Immun 2020;215:108410.
  • 28. Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. Covid19 does not lead to a “typical” acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2020;201:1299–300.
  • 29. Kahraman Kılbaş EP, Altındiş M, Yılancıoğlu K et al. Update on the First Year of COVID-19. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2021;10:44.
  • 30. Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HD et al. An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19. Current Pharmacology Reports 2020;6:56-70.
  • 31. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40719/0/covid-19 rehberi eriksin hasta yonetimi ve tedavipdf.pdf (Erişim tarihi 16 Ekim 2021).
  • 32. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends 2020;14:72-73.
  • 33. Cevik M, Marcus J, Buckee C, Smith T. SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics should inform policy. Clin Infect Dis 2021;73: 170-176.
  • 34. Hui KPY, Cheung MC, Perera RAPM et al. Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:687-695.
  • 35. Thevarajan I, Nguyen THO, Koutsakos M et al. Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19. Nat Med 2020;26:453-455.
  • 36. Rodda LB, Netland J, Shehata L et al. Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory persists after mild COVID-19. Cell 2021;184:169-183.
  • 37. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-lifecoping/animals.html (Erişim tarihi 11 Aralık 2020).
  • 38. https://www.dokuzeylul.com/hangi-covid-19-asisi-daha-iyimakale,149152.html (Erişim tarihi 16 Kasım 2021).
  • 39. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19 (Erişim tarihi 27 Ekim 2021).
  • 40. Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X. Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immunecross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nat Commun 2020;1620:11
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

İmdat Kılbaş 0000-0002-8909-4140

Elmas Pınar Kahraman Kılbaş 0000-0003-1348-625X

İhsan Ciftci 0000-0002-9812-134X

Publication Date February 27, 2022
Submission Date May 13, 2021
Acceptance Date December 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

AMA Kılbaş İ, Kahraman Kılbaş EP, Ciftci İ. Pandeminin Gölgesinde Geçen 2 Yıl: Sorularla COVID-19. Hitit Medical Journal. February 2022;4(1):22-28. doi:10.52827/hititmedj.937077