Case Report
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Pneumatosis Intestinalis with Thyroid Hormone Abnormality: An Interesting Case

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 465 - 470, 13.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1629375

Abstract

Pneumatosis Intestinalis is characterized by the presence of gas in the intestinal wall; Although its clinical findings and etiology are not clear, it is an entity that can be associated with trauma, inflammation, malignancy, autoimmune or endocrine events. Delay in diagnosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, in cases where pneumatosis in the bowel wall is detected radiologically, aggressive laparotomy is recommended in the presence of a negative prognostic disease. Then, the current approach recommended in the guidelines is second-look laparotomies, in which bowel viability will be re-evaluated before a definitive resection decision is made.
In this case report, a complicated patient with a complex history and a newly developed thyroid abnormality, in whom no ischemia was detected in the first surgery performed due to pneumatosis intestinalis, but intestinal ischemia was observed in second-look laparotomy, is presented.

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References

  • Tropeano G, Di Grezia M, Puccioni C et al. The spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult. A surgical dilemma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023;15(4): 553-565.
  • Suzuki T, Murata S, Tsunoyama T, et al. Recanalization using direct stenting before bowel resection for acute-on-chronic superior mesenteric artery occlusion: A case report, International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2020;68:92-95.
  • Nakamura F, Yui R, Muratsu A, et al. A strategy for improving the prognosis of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI): a single-center observational study. Acute Medicine & Surgery 2019;6:365-370.
  • Acosta S, Kärkkäinen J. Open abdomen in acute mesenteric ischemia. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2019;51(2):159-162.
  • Murata T, Yamaguchi N, Shimomoto Y, et al. Preoperative prognostic predictors and treatment strategies for surgical procedure focused on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2023;109(12):4119-4125
  • Razvi, S. Novel uses of thyroid hormones in cardiovascular conditions. Endocrine 2019;66:115-123.
  • Liu H, Hsieh CT, Sun JM. Pneumatosis intestinalis after systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022;10(16):5337-5342.
  • Ling F, Guo D, Zhu L. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2019;19(1):176.
  • Uludağ S. Non-Operative Management of Portomesenteric Venous Thromboembolism After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and the Importance of Long-Term Anticoagulant Prophylaxis. Turk J Diab Obes 2021; 5(1): 19-24.
  • Wu J, Wang Y, Wang C. Amyloidosis: An Unusual Cause of Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction. Clin astroenterol Hepatol 2018;16(5):e53-e54.
  • Bourcier S, Coutrot M, Kimmoun A, et al. Thyroid Storm in the ICU: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Crit Care Med 2020;48(1):83-90.
  • Shahid MA, Ashraf MA, Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. 2023 Jun 5. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
  • Gluvic ZM, Zafirovic SS, Obradovic MM, et al. Hypothyroidism and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2022;28(25):2065-2072.
  • Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold AM, et al. Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 2006;295(9):1033-1041.
  • Zhu X, Zhang C, Feng S, He R, Zhang S. Intestinal microbiota regulates the gut-thyroid axis: the new dawn of improving Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clin Exp Med 2024;24(1):39.

Tiroid Hormon Anormalliği ile Birlikte Pneumatozis İntestinalis: İlginç Bir Olgu

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 465 - 470, 13.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1629375

Abstract

Pnömatozis İntestinalis nadir görülen, barsak duvarında gaz varlığı ile karakterize; etiyolojisi tam olarak net olmasa da travma, inflamasyon, ilaç kullanımı, malignite, otoimmün ya da endokrin hadiselerle ilişkilendirilebilen bir antitedir. İntestinal iskeminin öncü lezyonu olabildiği gibi, herhangi bir klinik bulgu veya progresyon göstermeksizin yalnızca radyolojik olarak saptanan bir bulgu olarak da kalabilir. Klinik bulguların net olmaması nedeniyle tanı konması zordur. Bunun yanında, tanıda gecikme, masif rezeksiyonlar ile yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranlarıyla ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle barsak duvarında pnömatozisin radyolojik olarak saptandığı olgular ile mezenterik vasküler yapılarda dissemine trombüs ile intestinal iskemi-nekroz durumlarında agresif laparotomi önerilir. Hasar kontrol laparotomisi de denilebilecek birincil operasyonda revaskülarizasyonun sağlanmasının ardından kesin rezeksiyon kararı verilmeden önce ikincil bakış laparatomilerle barsak canlılığının yeniden değerlendirilmesi; kılavuzlarda önerilen güncel yaklaşımdır. Bu yaklaşım; referans aralığındaki küçük değişikliklerin bile sistemik vasküler direnç ile oksijen talebini etkileyip pek çok kardiyovasküler etkiye yol açtığı bilinen tiroid hormon anormalliklerinde, altta yatan başta kalp yetmezliği gibi hastalıkları olan olgularda, hemodinamik instabilite ve sepsis gibi durumlarda; prognoz ve sağkalım açısından son derece yararlı bir seçenek olarak vurgulanmaktadır.
Bu olgu sunumunda, pnömatozis intestinalis tanısıyla acil laparotomi yapılan ve herhangi bir iskemik bulgusu olmayan, ancak tiroid hormon anormalliği ile birlikte ikincil bakı laparotomide intestinal iskemi ile karşılaşılan komplike bir tablonun sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

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References

  • Tropeano G, Di Grezia M, Puccioni C et al. The spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult. A surgical dilemma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023;15(4): 553-565.
  • Suzuki T, Murata S, Tsunoyama T, et al. Recanalization using direct stenting before bowel resection for acute-on-chronic superior mesenteric artery occlusion: A case report, International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2020;68:92-95.
  • Nakamura F, Yui R, Muratsu A, et al. A strategy for improving the prognosis of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI): a single-center observational study. Acute Medicine & Surgery 2019;6:365-370.
  • Acosta S, Kärkkäinen J. Open abdomen in acute mesenteric ischemia. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2019;51(2):159-162.
  • Murata T, Yamaguchi N, Shimomoto Y, et al. Preoperative prognostic predictors and treatment strategies for surgical procedure focused on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2023;109(12):4119-4125
  • Razvi, S. Novel uses of thyroid hormones in cardiovascular conditions. Endocrine 2019;66:115-123.
  • Liu H, Hsieh CT, Sun JM. Pneumatosis intestinalis after systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022;10(16):5337-5342.
  • Ling F, Guo D, Zhu L. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2019;19(1):176.
  • Uludağ S. Non-Operative Management of Portomesenteric Venous Thromboembolism After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and the Importance of Long-Term Anticoagulant Prophylaxis. Turk J Diab Obes 2021; 5(1): 19-24.
  • Wu J, Wang Y, Wang C. Amyloidosis: An Unusual Cause of Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction. Clin astroenterol Hepatol 2018;16(5):e53-e54.
  • Bourcier S, Coutrot M, Kimmoun A, et al. Thyroid Storm in the ICU: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Crit Care Med 2020;48(1):83-90.
  • Shahid MA, Ashraf MA, Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. 2023 Jun 5. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
  • Gluvic ZM, Zafirovic SS, Obradovic MM, et al. Hypothyroidism and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2022;28(25):2065-2072.
  • Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold AM, et al. Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 2006;295(9):1033-1041.
  • Zhu X, Zhang C, Feng S, He R, Zhang S. Intestinal microbiota regulates the gut-thyroid axis: the new dawn of improving Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clin Exp Med 2024;24(1):39.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Surgery
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Betul Guzelyuz 0000-0002-9092-1705

Ali Mert Özdoğan 0009-0002-5664-4190

Sefa Ergün 0000-0002-0315-8044

Project Number -
Publication Date October 13, 2025
Submission Date January 29, 2025
Acceptance Date May 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Guzelyuz B, Özdoğan AM, Ergün S. Pneumatosis Intestinalis with Thyroid Hormone Abnormality: An Interesting Case. Hitit Medical Journal. October 2025;7(3):465-470. doi:10.52827/hititmedj.1629375