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Herding Behavior in High-Frequency Data in the Cryptocurrency Market

Yıl 2024, , 54 - 69, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1355123

Öz

This study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating whether cryptocurrency investors exhibit herding behavior. Moreover, this study examines herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market by using high-frequency data instead of daily frequencies. Given the global nature of the cryptocurrency market, intraday data facilitates a more precise analysis. In this context, the possibility of changing herding behavior with changing time intervals is investigated. In this way, we try to identify at which time intervals investors follow the movements of other investors without making sufficient use of their own information and evidence. This study investigates whether cryptocurrency investors exhibit herding behavior using both Cross-Sectional Standard Deviation (CSSD) and Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) methodologies. The time dimension of herding behavior is also examined by conducting herding behavior analysis at different time intervals, including 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and daily data sets. The analysis covers the period from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022 and consists of major cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP, and BCH) representing more than 70% of the total market capitalization. In this study, we find no evidence of herding behavior in high-frequency data, considering the entire period. Extreme price movements can be explained by rational asset pricing models. In other words, the trading decisions of cryptocurrency investors do not mimic the behavior of other investors, and investors make decisions based on their own information. Moreover, it can be argued that negative effects are more dominant than positive effects for cryptocurrency investors. As a result, cryptocurrency investors are more sensitive to negative information than positive information. The results of this study have several implications for the cryptocurrency market. First, the absence of herding behavior suggests that cryptocurrency investors are more likely to make rational investment decisions based on their own information. This is in contrast to traditional financial markets, where herding behavior is often observed. Second, the results show that cryptocurrency investors are more sensitive to negative information than positive information. This may be due to the fact that the cryptocurrency market is still a relatively new and volatile market. As a result, investors may be more likely to sell their positions in the face of negative news than to buy their positions in the face of positive news. Finally, the results of this study particularly emphasize the dominance of savvy investors and possibly institutional investors in the cryptocurrency market. This may be because these investors are more likely to have access to information and resources that enable them to make rational investment decisions. In addition, cryptocurrencies with significant market capitalization may not have been able to observe herding behavior because they are held by more rational investors. The absence of herding behavior in high-frequency data suggests that investors in the cryptocurrency market incorporate information into prices quickly, indicative of an efficient market in short time intervals. Our results suggest that investors may be less concerned about sudden and irrational market movements caused by mass behavior in short time intervals. Moreover, this suggests that investors are not overly influenced by the actions of others or in a way that can lead to rapid market movements. Hence, our study highlights the importance of the absence of herding behavior in high-frequency cryptocurrency data and provides valuable insights for efficient markets, investment strategies, and risk management practices.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtaruzzaman, M., Boubaker, S., Lucey, B.M., & Sensoy, A. (2021). Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?. Economic Modelling, 102, 105588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105588
  • Akinsomi, O., Coskun, Y., Gupta, R., & Lau, C.K.M. (2018). Impact of volatility and equity market uncertainty on herd behaviour: evidence from UK REITs. Journal of European Real Estate Research. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891586
  • Amirat, A., & Alwafi, W. (2020). Does herding behavior exist in cryptocurrency market? Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1735680. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/23322039.2020.1735680
  • Balcilar, M., & Demirer, R. (2015). Effect of global shocks and volatility on herd behavior in an emerging market: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(1), 140-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1011520
  • Ballis, A., & Drakos, K. (2020). Testing for herding in the cryptocurrency market. Finance Research Letters, 33, 101210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.06.008
  • Banerjee, A.V. (1992). A simple model of herd behavior. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(3), 797-817. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118364
  • Belsky, G., & Gilovich, T. (2010). Why smart people make big money mistakes and how to correct them: Lessons from the life-changing science of behavioral economics. Simon and Schuster
  • Bikhchandani, S., Hirshleifer, D., & Welch, I. (1992). A theory of fads, fashion, custom, and cultural change as informational cascades. Journal of Political Economy, 100(5), 992-1026. https://doi.org/10.1086/261849
  • Bikhchandani, S., & Sharma, S. (2000). Herd behavior in financial markets. IMF Staff papers, 47(3), 279-310. https://doi.org/10.2307/3867650
  • Bouri, E., Gupta, R., & Roubaud, D. (2019). Herding behaviour in cryptocurrencies. Finance Research Letters, 29, 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.07.008
  • Calderón, O.P. (2018). Herding behavior in cryptocurrency markets. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.11348. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1806.11348
  • Chang, E.C., Cheng, J. W., & Khorana, A. (2000). An examination of herd behavior in equity markets: An international perspective. Journal of Banking & Finance, 24(10), 1651-1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00096-5
  • Choi, K.H., Kang, S.H., & Yoon, S.M. (2022). Herding behaviour in Korea’s cryptocurrency market. Applied Economics, 54(24), 2795-2809. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1998335
  • Choi, K.H., & Yoon, S.M. (2020). Investor sentiment and herding behavior in the Korean stock market. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8020034
  • Christie, W.G., & Huang, R.D. (1995). Following the pied piper: do individual returns herd around the market? Financial Analysts Journal, 51(4), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v51.n4.1918
  • CoinMarketCap. (2023). Erişim adresi: https://coinmarketcap.com/
  • Coskun, E. A., Lau, C. K. M., ve Kahyaoglu, H. (2020). Uncertainty and herding behavior: evidence from cryptocurrencies. Research in International Business and Finance, 54, 101284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101284
  • da Gama Silva, P.V.J., Klotzle, M.C., Pinto, A.C.F., & Gomes, L.L. (2019). Herding behavior and contagion in the cryptocurrency market. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.01.006
  • Economou, F., Hassapis, C., & Philippas, N. (2018). Investors’ fear and herding in the stock market. Applied Economics, 50(34-35), 3654-3663. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1436145
  • Economou, F., Kostakis, A., & Philippas, N. (2011). Cross-country effects in herding behaviour: Evidence from four south European markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(3), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2011.01.005
  • Haryanto, S., Subroto, A., & Ulpah, M. (2020). Disposition effect and herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47, 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-019-00130-0
  • Jalal, R.N.U.D., Sargiacomo, M., Sahar, N.U., & Fayyaz, U.E. (2020). Herding behavior and cryptocurrency: Market asymmetries, inter-dependency and intra-dependency. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no7.027
  • Kallinterakis, V., & Kratunova, T. (2007). Does thin trading impact upon the measurement of herding? Evidence from Bulgaria. Ekonomia, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.975297
  • Kallinterakis, V., & Wang, Y. (2019). Do investors herd in cryptocurrencies–and why? Research in International Business and Finance, 50, 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.05.005
  • Kanojia, S., Singh, D., & Goswami, A. (2022). Impact of herding on the returns in the Indian stock market: an empirical study. Review of Behavioral Finance, 14(1), 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-01-2020-0017
  • Kumar, A. (2021). Empirical investigation of herding in cryptocurrency market under different market regimes. Review of Behavioral Finance, 13(3), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-01-2020-0014
  • Kumar, S., & Goyal, N. (2015). Behavioural biases in investment decision making–a systematic literature review. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 7(1), 88-108. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-07-2014-0022
  • Manahov, V. (2021). Cryptocurrency liquidity during extreme price movements: is there a problem with virtual money? Quantitative Finance, 21(2), 341-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2020.1788718
  • Mandaci, P.E., & Cagli, E.C. (2022). Herding intensity and volatility in cryptocurrency markets during the COVID-19. Finance Research Letters, 46, 102382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102382
  • Mobarek, A., Mollah, S., & Keasey, K. (2014). A cross-country analysis of herd behavior in Europe. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 32, 107-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2014.05.008
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Erisim adresi: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
  • Papadamou, S., Kyriazis, N.A., Tzeremes, P., & Corbet, S. (2021). Herding behaviour and price convergence clubs in cryptocurrencies during bull and bear markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 30, 100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100469
  • Paule-Vianez, J., Prado-Román, C., & Gómez-Martínez, R. (2020). Economic policy uncertainty and Bitcoin. Is Bitcoin a safe-haven asset? European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 29(3), 347-363. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2019-0116
  • Philippas, D., Philippas, N., Tziogkidis, P., & Rjiba, H. (2020). Signal-herding in cryptocurrencies. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 65. https://doi.org/101191. 10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101191
  • Statman, M. (2008). What is behavioral finance. Handbook of Finance, (9), 79-84. Erişim adresi: https://eis.hu.edu.jo/ACUploads/10643/What%20is%20Behavioral%20Finance.pdf
  • Stavroyiannis, S., & Babalos, V. (2019). Herding behavior in cryptocurrencies revisited: Novel evidence from a TVP model. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.02.007
  • Vidal-Tomás, D., Ibáñez, A. M., & Farinós, J.E. (2019). Herding in the cryptocurrency market: CSSD and CSAD approaches. Finance Research Letters, 30, 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.09.008
  • Yarovaya, L., Matkovskyy, R., & Jalan, A. (2021). The effects of a “black swan” event (COVID-19) on herding behavior in cryptocurrency markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 75, 101321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101321
  • Youssef, M. (2020). What drives herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market?. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 23(2), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2020.1867142
  • Youssef, M., & Waked, S.S. (2022). Herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of media coverage. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 62, 101752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2022.101752

Kripto Para Piyasasında Yüksek Frekanslı Verilerde Sürü Davranışı

Yıl 2024, , 54 - 69, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1355123

Öz

Bu çalışma, kripto para yatırımcılarının sürü davranışı sergileyip sergilemediğini araştırarak literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma kripto para piyasasındaki sürü davranışını günlük frekanslar yerine yüksek frekanslı veriler kullanarak incelemektedir. Kripto para piyasasının küresel yapısı göz önüne alındığında, gün içi veriler daha hassas bir analizi kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, değişen zaman aralıkları ile sürü davranışının değişme olasılığı araştırılmaktadır. Bu şekilde, yatırımcıların hangi zaman aralıklarında kendi bilgi ve kanıtlarını yeterince kullanmadan diğer yatırımcıların hareketlerini takip ettikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, hem Yatay Kesit Standart Sapma (CSSD) hem de Yatay Kesit Mutlak Sapma (CSAD) metodolojilerini kullanarak kripto para yatırımcılarının sürü davranışı sergileyip sergilemediğini araştırmaktadır. Sürü davranışının zaman boyutu da 15 dakika, 30 dakika, 1 saat, 2 saat, 3 saat, 6 saat, 12 saat ve günlük veri setleri olmak üzere farklı zaman aralıklarında sürü davranışı analizi yapılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz, 1 Ocak 2017’den 31 Aralık 2022’ye kadar olan dönemi kapsamaktadır ve toplam piyasa değerinin %70’sinden fazlasını temsil eden başlıca kripto para birimlerinden (BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP ve BCH) oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tüm dönem göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, yüksek frekanslı verilerde sürü davranışına dair herhangi bir kanıt bulunamamıştır. Aşırı fiyat hareketleri rasyonel varlık fiyatlandırma modelleri ile açıklanabilir. Başka bir deyişle, kripto para yatırımcılarının alım satım kararları diğer yatırımcıların davranışlarını taklit etmiyor ve yatırımcılar kendi bilgilerine dayanarak karar almaktadır. Dahası, kripto para yatırımcıları için negatif etkilerin pozitif etkilerden daha baskın olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak, kripto para yatırımcıları negatif bilgiye pozitif bilgiden daha duyarlıdır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları kripto para piyasası için çeşitli çıkarımlara sahiptir. İlk olarak, sürü davranışının olmaması, kripto para yatırımcılarının kendi bilgilerine dayanarak rasyonel yatırım kararları alma olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu, sürü davranışının sıklıkla gözlemlendiği geleneksel finans piyasalarının aksine bir durumdur. İkinci olarak, sonuçlar kripto para yatırımcılarının negatif bilgiye pozitif bilgiden daha duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum, kripto para piyasasının hala nispeten yeni ve değişken bir piyasa olmasından kaynaklanıyor olabilir. Sonuç olarak, yatırımcıların olumsuz haberler karşısında pozisyonlarını satma olasılığı, olumlu haberler karşısında pozisyonlarını satın alma olasılığından daha yüksek olabilir. Son olarak, bu çalışmanın sonuçları özellikle bilgili yatırımcıların ve muhtemelen kurumsal yatırımcıların kripto para piyasasındaki hakimiyetini vurgulamaktadır. Bunun nedeni, bu yatırımcıların rasyonel yatırım kararları almalarını sağlayacak bilgi ve kaynaklara erişimlerinin daha yüksek olması olabilir. Buna ek olarak, önemli piyasa değerine sahip kripto para birimleri daha rasyonel yatırımcılar tarafından tutulduğu için sürü davranışını gözlemlemek mümkün olmamış olabilir. Yüksek frekanslı verilerde sürü davranışının görülmemesi, kripto para piyasasındaki yatırımcıların bilgiyi fiyatlara hızlı bir şekilde dahil ettiğini ve bunun da kısa zaman aralıklarında etkin bir piyasanın göstergesi olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlarımız, yatırımcıların kısa zaman aralıklarında kitlesel davranışların neden olduğu ani ve irrasyonel piyasa hareketlerinden daha az endişe duyabileceğini göstermektedir. Dahası, bu durum yatırımcıların başkalarının eylemlerinden aşırı derecede veya hızlı piyasa hareketlerine yol açabilecek şekilde etkilenmediğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmamız, yüksek frekanslı kripto para verilerinde sürü davranışının olmamasının önemini vurgulamakta ve etkin piyasalar, yatırım stratejileri ve risk yönetimi uygulamaları için değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtaruzzaman, M., Boubaker, S., Lucey, B.M., & Sensoy, A. (2021). Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?. Economic Modelling, 102, 105588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105588
  • Akinsomi, O., Coskun, Y., Gupta, R., & Lau, C.K.M. (2018). Impact of volatility and equity market uncertainty on herd behaviour: evidence from UK REITs. Journal of European Real Estate Research. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891586
  • Amirat, A., & Alwafi, W. (2020). Does herding behavior exist in cryptocurrency market? Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1735680. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/23322039.2020.1735680
  • Balcilar, M., & Demirer, R. (2015). Effect of global shocks and volatility on herd behavior in an emerging market: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(1), 140-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1011520
  • Ballis, A., & Drakos, K. (2020). Testing for herding in the cryptocurrency market. Finance Research Letters, 33, 101210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.06.008
  • Banerjee, A.V. (1992). A simple model of herd behavior. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(3), 797-817. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118364
  • Belsky, G., & Gilovich, T. (2010). Why smart people make big money mistakes and how to correct them: Lessons from the life-changing science of behavioral economics. Simon and Schuster
  • Bikhchandani, S., Hirshleifer, D., & Welch, I. (1992). A theory of fads, fashion, custom, and cultural change as informational cascades. Journal of Political Economy, 100(5), 992-1026. https://doi.org/10.1086/261849
  • Bikhchandani, S., & Sharma, S. (2000). Herd behavior in financial markets. IMF Staff papers, 47(3), 279-310. https://doi.org/10.2307/3867650
  • Bouri, E., Gupta, R., & Roubaud, D. (2019). Herding behaviour in cryptocurrencies. Finance Research Letters, 29, 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.07.008
  • Calderón, O.P. (2018). Herding behavior in cryptocurrency markets. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.11348. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1806.11348
  • Chang, E.C., Cheng, J. W., & Khorana, A. (2000). An examination of herd behavior in equity markets: An international perspective. Journal of Banking & Finance, 24(10), 1651-1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00096-5
  • Choi, K.H., Kang, S.H., & Yoon, S.M. (2022). Herding behaviour in Korea’s cryptocurrency market. Applied Economics, 54(24), 2795-2809. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1998335
  • Choi, K.H., & Yoon, S.M. (2020). Investor sentiment and herding behavior in the Korean stock market. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8020034
  • Christie, W.G., & Huang, R.D. (1995). Following the pied piper: do individual returns herd around the market? Financial Analysts Journal, 51(4), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v51.n4.1918
  • CoinMarketCap. (2023). Erişim adresi: https://coinmarketcap.com/
  • Coskun, E. A., Lau, C. K. M., ve Kahyaoglu, H. (2020). Uncertainty and herding behavior: evidence from cryptocurrencies. Research in International Business and Finance, 54, 101284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101284
  • da Gama Silva, P.V.J., Klotzle, M.C., Pinto, A.C.F., & Gomes, L.L. (2019). Herding behavior and contagion in the cryptocurrency market. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.01.006
  • Economou, F., Hassapis, C., & Philippas, N. (2018). Investors’ fear and herding in the stock market. Applied Economics, 50(34-35), 3654-3663. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1436145
  • Economou, F., Kostakis, A., & Philippas, N. (2011). Cross-country effects in herding behaviour: Evidence from four south European markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(3), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2011.01.005
  • Haryanto, S., Subroto, A., & Ulpah, M. (2020). Disposition effect and herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47, 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-019-00130-0
  • Jalal, R.N.U.D., Sargiacomo, M., Sahar, N.U., & Fayyaz, U.E. (2020). Herding behavior and cryptocurrency: Market asymmetries, inter-dependency and intra-dependency. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no7.027
  • Kallinterakis, V., & Kratunova, T. (2007). Does thin trading impact upon the measurement of herding? Evidence from Bulgaria. Ekonomia, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.975297
  • Kallinterakis, V., & Wang, Y. (2019). Do investors herd in cryptocurrencies–and why? Research in International Business and Finance, 50, 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.05.005
  • Kanojia, S., Singh, D., & Goswami, A. (2022). Impact of herding on the returns in the Indian stock market: an empirical study. Review of Behavioral Finance, 14(1), 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-01-2020-0017
  • Kumar, A. (2021). Empirical investigation of herding in cryptocurrency market under different market regimes. Review of Behavioral Finance, 13(3), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-01-2020-0014
  • Kumar, S., & Goyal, N. (2015). Behavioural biases in investment decision making–a systematic literature review. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 7(1), 88-108. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-07-2014-0022
  • Manahov, V. (2021). Cryptocurrency liquidity during extreme price movements: is there a problem with virtual money? Quantitative Finance, 21(2), 341-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2020.1788718
  • Mandaci, P.E., & Cagli, E.C. (2022). Herding intensity and volatility in cryptocurrency markets during the COVID-19. Finance Research Letters, 46, 102382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102382
  • Mobarek, A., Mollah, S., & Keasey, K. (2014). A cross-country analysis of herd behavior in Europe. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 32, 107-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2014.05.008
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Erisim adresi: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
  • Papadamou, S., Kyriazis, N.A., Tzeremes, P., & Corbet, S. (2021). Herding behaviour and price convergence clubs in cryptocurrencies during bull and bear markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 30, 100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100469
  • Paule-Vianez, J., Prado-Román, C., & Gómez-Martínez, R. (2020). Economic policy uncertainty and Bitcoin. Is Bitcoin a safe-haven asset? European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 29(3), 347-363. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2019-0116
  • Philippas, D., Philippas, N., Tziogkidis, P., & Rjiba, H. (2020). Signal-herding in cryptocurrencies. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 65. https://doi.org/101191. 10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101191
  • Statman, M. (2008). What is behavioral finance. Handbook of Finance, (9), 79-84. Erişim adresi: https://eis.hu.edu.jo/ACUploads/10643/What%20is%20Behavioral%20Finance.pdf
  • Stavroyiannis, S., & Babalos, V. (2019). Herding behavior in cryptocurrencies revisited: Novel evidence from a TVP model. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.02.007
  • Vidal-Tomás, D., Ibáñez, A. M., & Farinós, J.E. (2019). Herding in the cryptocurrency market: CSSD and CSAD approaches. Finance Research Letters, 30, 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.09.008
  • Yarovaya, L., Matkovskyy, R., & Jalan, A. (2021). The effects of a “black swan” event (COVID-19) on herding behavior in cryptocurrency markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 75, 101321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101321
  • Youssef, M. (2020). What drives herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market?. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 23(2), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2020.1867142
  • Youssef, M., & Waked, S.S. (2022). Herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of media coverage. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 62, 101752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2022.101752
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Davranışsal Finans, Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İbrahim Korkmaz Kahraman 0000-0001-5083-3586

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 24 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Kahraman, İ. K. (2024). Kripto Para Piyasasında Yüksek Frekanslı Verilerde Sürü Davranışı. Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 54-69. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1355123
                                                     Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.