Türkiye'nin turizm ekonomisinde yabancı doğrudan yatırımın dönüştürücü rolü

Abstract

Dünya çapında yaşana değişimler doğrultusunda, Türkiye turizm endüstrisi ekonomisine önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır. 56,7 milyon turist ve 2023'te $54,3 milyar gelirle GSYİH'nın yaklaşık %5'ini oluşturdu. Endüstri, yeni altyapının inşası nedeniyle 2004'ten beri önemli ölçüde büyümesine rağmen, az sayıda önemli tedarikçi ülkeye dayandığı için pazar çeşitlendirmesini gerekli kılan 2016 darbe girişimi ve COVID-19 pandemisi gibi dış şoklara hala duyarlıdır. Nominal GSYİH ve Net DYY, 2004 ve 2024 yılları arasında yapılan ekonometrik analize göre, ekonomik genişlemenin yabancı yatırımdan çekildiğini öne süren önemli bir pozitif bağlantıya (0.69) sahiptir. GSYİH ile işsizlik arasında çok zayıf bir korelasyon (0.015) vardır. Net DYY ve işsizliğin orta derecede olumlu bir bağlantısı olup (0.37), yabancı yatırımların sermaye yoğun endüstrileri emek yoğun olanlara göre önceliklendirebileceğini düşünülebilir. Altyapı, alternatif turizm, hizmet kalitesi, kamu-özel iş birliği ve sürdürülebilirlik hükümet politikalarında önceliklidir. Türkiye, karşılaştırmalara göre bölgeyi turist hacminde yönetmektedir, buna rağmen GSYİH katkısı diğer sektörlerdeki farklı dinamikler nedeniyle daha azdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye turizm endüstrisinin büyümek için çok fazla alana sahip olmasına rağmen, dış şoklara karşı savunmasızlığının pazar çeşitliliğini ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı teşvik etmek için yüksek kaliteli turizme yönelmenin daha olumlu sonuçlar getireceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Turizm Sektörü
• ekonomik büyüme
• doğrudan yabancı yatırım
• işsizlik

The transformative role of foreign direct investment in Türkiye's tourism economy

Abstract

In line with worldwide trends, Türkiye's tourist industry makes a substantial contribution to its economy. With 56.7 million tourists and $54.3 billion in revenue in 2023, it made up around 5% of the GDP. Even though the industry has grown significantly since 2004 due to the construction of new infrastructure, it is still susceptible to outside shocks like the 2016 coup attempt and the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes market diversification necessary because it relies on a small number of important supplier nations. Nominal GDP and Net FDI have a substantial positive connection (0.69), according to econometric analysis conducted between 2004 and 2024, suggesting that economic expansion draws in foreign investment. On the other hand, there is a very poor correlation (0.015) between GDP and unemployment, indicating that Türkiye's expansion has a limited capacity to create jobs. Net FDI and unemployment have a moderately positive connection (0.37), suggesting that foreign investments may prioritise capital-intensive industries over labour-intensive ones. Infrastructure, alternative tourism, service quality, public-private collaboration, and sustainability are all prioritised in government policies. Türkiye leads the region in tourist volume, according to comparisons, although its GDP contribution is less than that of some of its peers because of other robust economic sectors. This study suggests that although the Turkish tourism industry has a lot of room to grow, its vulnerability to external shocks will bring more positive results by turning to high-quality tourism to promote market diversity and sustainable development.

Keywords

• Tourism sector
• economic growth
• foreign direct ınvestment
• unemployment

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