KÜRESELLEŞME, SANAYİLEŞME VE ŞEHİRLEŞMENİN TÜRKİYE’NİN EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİNE ETKİSİNİN GENİŞLETİLMİŞ ARDL YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada gelir, enerji tüketimi ve finansal kalkınma gibi kontrol değişkenlerinin yanında küreselleşme, küreselleşmenin alt-göstergeleri (iktisadi, ticari ve finansal küreselleşme), sanayileşme ve şehirleşmenin Türkiye’deki Ekolojik Ayak İzi’ni (EAİ) nasıl etkilediği, genişletilmiş otoregresif dağıtılmış gecikme (genişletilmiş ARDL) sınır testi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. 1980-2016 dönemini temel alan bu çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgular şunlardır: (i) Türkiye’de EAİ için çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezi (ÇKEH) geçerli değildir, (ii) enerji tüketimi, EAİ’yi kısa dönemde arttırmaktadır, (iii) sanayileşme ve şehirleşme, çevresel bozulmayı arttırmaktadır, (iv) küreselleşmenin yanında iktisadi, ticari ve finansal küreselleşme de uzun dönemde EAİ’yi azaltmaktadır, (v) kısa dönemde finansal kalkınma, EAİ’yi arttırmaktadır. Bu bulgular çerçevesinde alternatif politika önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tüketimin Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Küreselleşme
• Sanayileşme
• Türkiye
• Genişletilmiş ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı

Examining the Impacts of Globalization, Industrialization, and Urbanization on Turkey’s Ecological Footprint via the Augmented ARDL Approach

Abstract

This study examines the impacts of income, energy consumption, financial development, globalization (economic, trade, and financial globalization), industrialization, and urbanization on Turkey’s ecological footprint (EF) in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis via the augmented autoregressive distributed lag (augmented ARDL) bounds testing approach for the period 1980-2016. The findings of this research are as follows: (i) the EKC hypothesis is not valid in Turkey, (ii) energy consumption intensifies EF in the short-run, (iii) industrialization and urbanization increase environmental degradation, (iv) globalization -including its economic, trade, and financial dimensions- negatively affects EF in the long-run, (v) financial development deteriorates EF in the short-run. Based on these findings, alternative policy recommendations are made.

Keywords

• Ecological footprint of consumption
• Globalization
• Industrialization
• Turkey
• Augmented ARDL bounds testing approach

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