Research Article
KÜLTÜREL MİRAS TURİZMİ OLARAK SAVAŞ ALANLARI TURİZMİ: TÜRKİYE’DE YER ALAN SAVAŞ ANITLARININ COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ ANALİZİ
Abstract
Savaş olgusu insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir.
Geçmişte yıkımların ve milyonlarca insanın ölümünün gerçekleştiği savaş
alanlarının bazıları günümüzde birer turistik çekiciliğe dönüşmüştür. Bu
alanlara, literatürde savaş alanları turizmi olarak adlandırılan bir turizm
hareketi mevcuttur. Kültürel miras turizminin bir alt boyutu olarak savaş
alanları turizmi, ölüm ile fiili ya da simgesel karşılaşmalar için bir yere
tamamen ya da kısmi olarak seyahat etme isteği ile güdülenen ölüm turizmi
(thanatourism) ya da karanlık turizm (dark tourism) tanımlaması içerisinde yer
alan bir turizm olgusudur. Bu olgu sadece savaş alanlarına gerçekleştirilen
turizm hareketlerinden ibaret değildir. Aynı zamanda anma etkinlikleri
kapsamında askeri şehitlikler, anıt ve abidelere gerçekleştirilen ziyaretler de
bu turizm türünün bir şekli olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda,
araştırma Türkiye’deki savaş anıtlarına odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada öncelikle
Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’ndan tescilli 353 anıtın listesi elde edilmiştir.
İkincil olarak bu anıtlara ilişkin nicel ve nitel veriler QGis coğrafi bilgi
sistemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı elde edilen sonuçların
Türkiye’de bu niş turizm pazarın gelişmesine yardımcı olmasıdır.
Keywords
References
- Aristotle, (1999), Politics, Tercüme Jowett, L., Kitchener, Batoche Books.
- Abousnnouga, N. G. (2012), Visual and Written Discourses of British Commemorative War Monuments, (Doktora Tezi), Cardiff: Cardiff University.
- Aitchison,C., Macleod, N.E. ve Shaw, S. J. (2002), Leisure and Tourism Landscapes: Social and Cultural Geographies. New York: Routledge.
- Baldwin, F. ve Sharpley, R. (2009), Battlefield Tourism: Bringing Organised Violence Back to Life, in The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, Ed: Sharpley R. and Philip R. S., İngiltere: Channel View Publications, 186-206.
- Blom, T. (2000), Morbid Tourism - A Postmodern Market Niche with An Example from Althorp, Norwegian Journal of Geography, 54, 29-36.
- Boorstin, D., J. (1992), The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, Vintage Books.
- Graham, B, Ashworth, G.J, ve Tunbridge, J.E. (2000). A Geography of Heritage: Power Cutture and Economy, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lennon, J. J. ve Foley, M. (2000), Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster, London ve New York: Continuum.
- MacCannell, D. (1989), The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, New York: Schocken Books.
- Niven, B. (2008), War Memorials at the Intersection of Politics, Culture and Memory, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 1 (1), 39-45.
- Nuryanti, W. (1996), Heritage and Postmodern Tourism, Annalsof Tourism Research, 23(2), 249–260.
- Poria, Y. Butler, R. ve Airey, D. (2001), Clarifying Heritage Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (4), 1047-1049.
- Pomeroy, S., B., Burstein, S., M., Donland, W. ve Roberts, T. (2004), A Brief History of Ancient Greece, Politics, Society and Culture. New York: Oxfors University Press.
- Seaton, A. V. (1996), Guided by the Dark; from Thanatopsis to Thanatourism, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2 (4), 234-244.
- Seaton, A.V. (1999). War and Thanatourism: Waterloo 1814-1915, Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (1), 130-158.
- Seaton, A.V. ve Lennon, J. (2004), Thanatourism in the Early 21st Century: Moral Panics, Ulterior Motives and Alterior Desires. ln Singh, T., V. (Ed.) New Horizons in Tourism: Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices (63-82), Oxforshire: CABI Publishing.
- Sharpley, R. (2005), Travels to the Edge of Darkness: Towards a Typology of 'Dark Tourism, ln Ryan, C., Page, S., J. and Aicken M. (Eds.) Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Managerial Perspectives, (215-226), Londra: Elsevier Ltd.
- Sharpley, R. (2009), Shedding Light on Dark Tourism: An Introduction, In The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, Ed: Sharpley R. and Philip R. S., (3-22), İngiltere: Channel View Publications.
- Smith, N. ve Croy, WG. (2005)., Presentation of Dark Tourism: Te Wairoa, the Buried Village. In Ryan, C. and Stephen J. P. and Aicken, M. (Eds.), Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Managerial Perspectives (199-213), Londra: Elsevier Ltd.
- Smith, V., L. (1997), War and its Attractions. In Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues, Ed: A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld, (247-264) Chichester: Wiley.Speechaert, G.P. ve Isabel Baecker, (1990), Les 135 Vestiges et Monuments Commemoratifs des Combats de 1815 en Belgique, Waterloo: Relais de l|Histoire a.s.b.l.
- Prideaux, S. (2007), Echoes of War: Battlefield Tourism, Battlefield Tourism History, Place and Interpretation, Ed. Ryan, C., (17-27), Londra: Elsevier.
- Raivo, P. J. (1998). In This Very Place: War Memorials and Landscapes as an Experienced Heritage, Lancaster University.
- Timothy, D. J. (2006), Heritage Tourism in the 21'th Century:Valued Traditions and New Perspectives, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 1(1), 1-16.
- Towner, J. (1985), The Grand Tour A Key Phase in the History of Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 297-333.
- Trotter, R. (2001), Chapter 6: Heritage Tourism. In Douglas, N., Douglas, N. And Derrett, R. (Eds.) Special lnterest Tourism (10-16). Milton: Qsld: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
- Holmes, R. (1999), The Western Front. BBC Books.
- Centenarynews (2015), “Article”, erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2018, http://www.centenarynews.com/article?id=3249
- BBC (2015), “Haberler”, erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2018, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/04/150425_gelibolu_safak_ayini
- Global Administrative Areas (2018), “Download”, erişim tarihi: 22.Şubat.2018, http://gadm.org/
- T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı, (2018), “Ziyaret Noktaları”, erişim tarihi: 11 Ocak 2018, http://catab.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,129473/sehitler-abidesi.html
Year 2018,
Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 395 - 420, 21.07.2018
Abstract
References
- Aristotle, (1999), Politics, Tercüme Jowett, L., Kitchener, Batoche Books.
- Abousnnouga, N. G. (2012), Visual and Written Discourses of British Commemorative War Monuments, (Doktora Tezi), Cardiff: Cardiff University.
- Aitchison,C., Macleod, N.E. ve Shaw, S. J. (2002), Leisure and Tourism Landscapes: Social and Cultural Geographies. New York: Routledge.
- Baldwin, F. ve Sharpley, R. (2009), Battlefield Tourism: Bringing Organised Violence Back to Life, in The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, Ed: Sharpley R. and Philip R. S., İngiltere: Channel View Publications, 186-206.
- Blom, T. (2000), Morbid Tourism - A Postmodern Market Niche with An Example from Althorp, Norwegian Journal of Geography, 54, 29-36.
- Boorstin, D., J. (1992), The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, Vintage Books.
- Graham, B, Ashworth, G.J, ve Tunbridge, J.E. (2000). A Geography of Heritage: Power Cutture and Economy, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lennon, J. J. ve Foley, M. (2000), Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster, London ve New York: Continuum.
- MacCannell, D. (1989), The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, New York: Schocken Books.
- Niven, B. (2008), War Memorials at the Intersection of Politics, Culture and Memory, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 1 (1), 39-45.
- Nuryanti, W. (1996), Heritage and Postmodern Tourism, Annalsof Tourism Research, 23(2), 249–260.
- Poria, Y. Butler, R. ve Airey, D. (2001), Clarifying Heritage Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (4), 1047-1049.
- Pomeroy, S., B., Burstein, S., M., Donland, W. ve Roberts, T. (2004), A Brief History of Ancient Greece, Politics, Society and Culture. New York: Oxfors University Press.
- Seaton, A. V. (1996), Guided by the Dark; from Thanatopsis to Thanatourism, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2 (4), 234-244.
- Seaton, A.V. (1999). War and Thanatourism: Waterloo 1814-1915, Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (1), 130-158.
- Seaton, A.V. ve Lennon, J. (2004), Thanatourism in the Early 21st Century: Moral Panics, Ulterior Motives and Alterior Desires. ln Singh, T., V. (Ed.) New Horizons in Tourism: Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices (63-82), Oxforshire: CABI Publishing.
- Sharpley, R. (2005), Travels to the Edge of Darkness: Towards a Typology of 'Dark Tourism, ln Ryan, C., Page, S., J. and Aicken M. (Eds.) Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Managerial Perspectives, (215-226), Londra: Elsevier Ltd.
- Sharpley, R. (2009), Shedding Light on Dark Tourism: An Introduction, In The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, Ed: Sharpley R. and Philip R. S., (3-22), İngiltere: Channel View Publications.
- Smith, N. ve Croy, WG. (2005)., Presentation of Dark Tourism: Te Wairoa, the Buried Village. In Ryan, C. and Stephen J. P. and Aicken, M. (Eds.), Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Managerial Perspectives (199-213), Londra: Elsevier Ltd.
- Smith, V., L. (1997), War and its Attractions. In Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues, Ed: A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld, (247-264) Chichester: Wiley.Speechaert, G.P. ve Isabel Baecker, (1990), Les 135 Vestiges et Monuments Commemoratifs des Combats de 1815 en Belgique, Waterloo: Relais de l|Histoire a.s.b.l.
- Prideaux, S. (2007), Echoes of War: Battlefield Tourism, Battlefield Tourism History, Place and Interpretation, Ed. Ryan, C., (17-27), Londra: Elsevier.
- Raivo, P. J. (1998). In This Very Place: War Memorials and Landscapes as an Experienced Heritage, Lancaster University.
- Timothy, D. J. (2006), Heritage Tourism in the 21'th Century:Valued Traditions and New Perspectives, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 1(1), 1-16.
- Towner, J. (1985), The Grand Tour A Key Phase in the History of Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 297-333.
- Trotter, R. (2001), Chapter 6: Heritage Tourism. In Douglas, N., Douglas, N. And Derrett, R. (Eds.) Special lnterest Tourism (10-16). Milton: Qsld: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
- Holmes, R. (1999), The Western Front. BBC Books.
- Centenarynews (2015), “Article”, erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2018, http://www.centenarynews.com/article?id=3249
- BBC (2015), “Haberler”, erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2018, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/04/150425_gelibolu_safak_ayini
- Global Administrative Areas (2018), “Download”, erişim tarihi: 22.Şubat.2018, http://gadm.org/
- T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı, (2018), “Ziyaret Noktaları”, erişim tarihi: 11 Ocak 2018, http://catab.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,129473/sehitler-abidesi.html
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 21, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 |