NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI

Richard Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör

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Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 87 - 111, 28.03.2014

Abstract

In all emigrant societies, a social separation between emigrants and both second generation, and natives, is imposed by the ethnic majority and this separation creates a sociologically complex fault line. Built on comparison and contrast, this article offers a good opportunity to understand the concepts associated with boundary processes of second-generation Mexicans in the U.S., North Africans in France, and Turks in Germany, and the discrepancies among these generations. The difference between bright boundaries, which involve no ambiguity about membership, and blurred ones, which do, is hypothesized to be associated with the probability and processes of assimilation and exclusion. The authors have examined the major factors such as citizenship, religion, language, and race on the institutionalization of boundaries. The results of analysis lead to the conclusion that blurred boundaries generally characterize the situation of Mexicans in the U.S., and bright boundaries characterize the European context for Muslim groups although race the great, is not understood well

Keywords

Assimilation, Ethnic Boundaries, Race, Religion, Second Generation

References

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______ 2002 ‘Only English by the third generation? Mother-tongue loss and preservation among the grandchildren of contemporary immigrants’, Demography, vol. 39, pp. 467-84
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______ 1992 ‘Second generation decline: Scenarios for the economic and ethnic futures of post-1965 American immigrants’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 15, pp. 173-92
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NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 87 - 111, 28.03.2014

Richard Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör

Abstract

Sosyolojik olarak, tüm göçmen topluluklarda, bir taraftan göçmenlerle ikinci kuşak diğer taraftan yerli halk arasındaki toplumsal ayrışma, etnik çoğunluk tarafından dayatılır ve bu ayrışma, karmaşık bir fay hattı oluşturur/ortaya çıkarır. Bir karşılaştırma üzerine kurulan bu makale, ikinci nesil Amerika’daki Meksikalılar, Fransa’daki Kuzey Afrikalılar ve Almanya’daki Türklerin sınır süreçleri ile ilgili kavramlar ve bu nesiller arasındaki farklılıkları anlamak için çok iyi bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Aidiyet hakkında hiçbir belirsizlik içermeyen net sınırlar ile fluluk (belirsizlik) içeren sınırlar arasındaki fark; asimilasyan ve dışlanma süreçleri ve ihtimali ile ilişkili varsayılmıştır. Aidiyet sınırlarının kurumsallaşmasındaki önemli etkiler olarak vatandaşlık, din, dil ve ırk ele alınanak incelendi. Çalışmanın analizlerinin belirgin sonuçları bizi; bulanık sınırlar için Amerika’daki Meksikalılara; büyük ırk her ne kadar iyi anlaşılmasa da net sınırlar için ise Avrupa’da ki Müslüman grupların hayatı ile karakterize edildiği yöne götürüyor.

Keywords

Asimilasyon, Etnik Sınırlar, Irk, Din, İkinci Nesil, Sosyal Dışlanma

References

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______ 2002 ‘Only English by the third generation? Mother-tongue loss and preservation among the grandchildren of contemporary immigrants’, Demography, vol. 39, pp. 467-84
ALBA, RICHARD and NEE, VICTOR 2003 Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and the New Immigration , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
ALBA, RICHARD and ORSI, ROBERT 2004 ‘Passages of piety: Generational transitions and the social and religious incorporation of Italian Americans’, forthcoming in Richard Alba and Albert Raboteau (eds), Immigration and Religion
ALBA, RICHARD and SILBERMAN, ROXANE 2002 ‘Decolonization immigrations and the social origins of the second generation: The case of North Africans in France’, International Migration Review, vol. 36, pp. 1169-93
AUSLANDER, LEORA 2000 ‘Bavarian crucifixes and French headscarves: Religious signs and the postmodern European State’, Cultural Dynamics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 283-309
BALIBAR, ETIENNE and WALLERSTEIN, IMMANUEL 1988 Race, Nation, Classe: Les Identite´s Ambigue¨ , Paris: E´ ditions La De´couverte
BARKER, CHRISTINE 2000 ‘Church and state relationships in German ‘‘public benefit’’ law’, International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, vol. 3, http://www.icnl.org/journal/vol3iss2/ar_barker.htm
BARRETT, JAMES and ROEDIGER, DAVID 1997 ‘In between peoples: Race, nationality and the ‘new immigrant’ working class’, Journal of American Ethnic History, vol. 16, pp. 3-44
BARTH, FREDRIK 1969 Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, Boston, MA: Little Brown
BAUBE´ROT, JEAN 2000 Histoire de la Laıcite´ Francaise, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France
BAUBO¨ CK, RAINER 1994 ‘The integration of immigrants’, Council of Europe, Strasbourg
BENDER, STEFAN and SEIFERT, WOLFGANG 2000 ‘Zur beruflichen und sozialen Integration der in Deutschland lebenden Ausla¨nder’, in Richard Alba, Peter Schmidt, and Martina Wasmer (eds), Deutsche und Ausla¨ nder: Freunde, Fremde, oder Feinde? , Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, pp. 55-92
BODY-GENDROT, SOPHIE 1999 ‘Ghetto, mythes et re´alite´s’, in P. De Witte (ed.), Immigration et inte´gration: L’e´tat des savoirs, Paris: La De´couverte
BOYD, MONICA and GRIECO, ELIZABETH 1998 ‘Triumphant transitions: Socioeconomic achievements of the second generation in Canada’, International Migration Review, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 853-76
BRUBAKER, ROGERS 1992 Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
______ 2001 ‘The return of assimilation? Changing perspectives on immigration and Its sequels in France, Germany, and the United States’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 24, pp. 531-48
CASANOVA, JOSE´ 1994 Public Religions in the Modern World , Chicago: University of Chicago Press
CASTLES, STEPHEN and DAVIDSON, ALISTAIR 2000 Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging , New York: Routledge
CHAREF, MEHDI 1983 Le The´au Harem d’Archi Ahmed, Paris: Mercure de France
CHILD, IRVIN 1943 Italian or American? The Second Generation in Conflict , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
CONZEN, KATHLEEN NEILS 1980 ‘Germans’, in Stephan Thernstrom, Ann Orlov, and Oscar Handlin (eds), Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
CORNELL, STEPHEN and HARTMANN, DOUGLAS 2002 Ethnicity and Race: Making Identities in a Changing World , Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press
DA´VILA, ARLENE 2001 Latinos, Inc.: The Marketing and Making of a People, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
DE LA GARZA, RODOLPHO, et al. 1996 ‘Will the real Americans please stand up: Anglo and Mexican-American support of core American values’, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 40, pp. 335-51
DER SPIEGEL 2002 ‘Lehrer muss nicht unter Kreuz unterrichten’, 2 January
DIEHL, CLAUDIA and BLOHM, MICHAEL 2003 ‘Rights or identity? Naturalization processes among ‘labour migrants’ in Germany’, International Migration Review, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 133-62
DRAPER, JAMIE and HICKS, JUNE 2002 ‘Foreign language enrollments in public secondary schools, Fall 2000’, American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, May
ENGIN, HAVVA 2001 ‘Wenn sechs Prozent aller Schu¨ler Muslime sind: Islamischer Religionsunterricht an deutschen Schulen? Eine Bestandsaufnahme’, Der Burger im Staat, 4, http://www.lpb.bwue.de/aktuell/bis/4_01/islamreli6.htm
FAIST, THOMAS 1995 Social Citizenship for Whom? Young Turks in Germany and Mexican Americans in the United States, Aldershot: Avebury
FARLEY, REYNOLDS and ALBA, RICHARD 2002 ‘The new second generation in the United States’, International Migration Review, vol. 36, pp. 669-701
FAVELL, ADRIAN 1998 Philosophies of Integration: Immigration and the Idea of Citizenship in France and Britain , London: Palgrave Macmillan
FISCHER, DAVID HACKETT 1989 Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America, Oxford: Oxford University Press
FISHMAN, JOSHUA 1972 The Sociology of Language, Rowley, MA: Newbury
FISHMAN, SYLVIA BARACK 2004 Double or Nothing: Jewish Families and Mixed Marriage, Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press
FORDHAM, SIGNITHIA and OGBU, JOHN 1987 ‘Black students’ school success: Coping with the burden of acting white’, Urban Review, vol. 18, pp. 176-206
GANS, HERBERT J. 1982 The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans, New York: The Free Press [1st edn, New York: The Free Press, 1962]
______ 1992 ‘Second generation decline: Scenarios for the economic and ethnic futures of post-1965 American immigrants’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 15, pp. 173-92
GLAZER, NATHAN and MOYNIHAN, DANIEL PATRICK 1970 Beyond the Melting Pot, 2nd edn, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [1st edn, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1963]
GOLDSCHEIDER, CALVIN 2003 ‘Are American Jews vanishing again?’, Contexts, vol. 2, pp. 18-24.
GREELEY, ANDREW 1990 The Catholic Myth: The Behavior and Beliefs of American Catholics, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons
HAUT CONSEIL A`L’INTA´GRATION 2000 ‘l’Islam dans la re´publique’, November
HEISLER, BARBARA SCHMITTER 2000 ‘The sociology of immigration: From assimilation to segmented integration, from the American experience to the global arena’, in Caroline Brettell and James Hollifield (eds), Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines, New York: Routledge, pp. 77-96
HIGHAM, JOHN 1970 Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860_/1925, New York: Atheneum
HIRSCHMAN, CHARLES 1983 ‘America’s melting pot reconsidered’, Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 9, pp. 397-423
HOROWITZ, DONALD 1975 ‘Ethnic identity’, in Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (eds), Ethnicity: Theory and Experience, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 111-40
ISAJIW, WSEVOLOD 1999 Understanding Diversity: Ethnicity and Race in the Canadian Context , Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing
JACKSON, KENNETH 1967 The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915/1930, New York: Oxford University Press
JACOBSON, MATTHEW FRYE 1998 Whiteness of a Different Colour: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
JUTEAU, DANIELLE 1999 L’Ethnicite´ et Ses Frontie`res, Montreal: Les Presses de l’Universite´ de Montre´al
KANDEL, JOHANNES 2002 ‘Islam und Muslime in Deutschland’, Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft , vol. 1, http://www.fes.de/ipg/
KASTORYANO, RIVA 2002 Negotiating Identities: States and Immigrants in France and Germany, Princeton: Princeton University Press
KEPEL, GILLES 1991 Les Banlieues d’Islam: Naissance d’une Religion en France, Paris: Editions du Seuil
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Richard Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör This is me
Publication Date	March 28, 2014
Published in Issue	Year 2013 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

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APA	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör, R. (2014). NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 87-111.
AMA	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör R. NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI. hititsosbil. March 2014;6(1):87-111.
Chicago	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör, Richard. “NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 2014): 87-111.
EndNote	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör R (March 1, 2014) NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 1 87–111.
IEEE	R. Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör, “NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI”, hititsosbil, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 87–111, 2014.
ISNAD	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör, Richard. “NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6/1 (March 2014), 87-111.
JAMA	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör R. NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI. hititsosbil. 2014;6:87–111.
MLA	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör, Richard. “NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2014, pp. 87-111.
Vancouver	Alba /(çev.) Özcan Güngör R. NET VE BULANIK SINIRLAR: FRANSA, ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNDE İKİNCİ NESİL ASİMİLE VE DIŞLANMASI. hititsosbil. 2014;6(1):87-111.

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