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Intensive Care Unit Fire Safety: Current Practices, Technological Advancements, and Future Directions

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 47 - 51, 29.08.2025

Öz

Intensive care units (ICUs) are clinical settings with a high risk of fire due to factors such as high-flow oxygen therapy, the concurrent use of multiple electrical devices, and the continuous monitoring of critically ill patients. The literature indicates that most fires are triggered by electrical malfunctions, oxygen cylinder or system leaks, and the improper handling of flammable materials. Evacuation is particularly challenging in patients requiring endotracheal intubation or high-flow oxygen support. This review examines the risk factors in ICU fire safety and discusses preventive and protective strategies, emergency management, evacuation planning, and future technological solutions such as artificial intelligence–based early warning systems. Regular institutional fire risk analyses, comprehensive multidisciplinary staff training, unit-specific emergency evacuation protocols, and structural improvements significantly reduce the overall risk of fire. In addition, AI-assisted monitoring, advanced flame-retardant materials, and more robust national and international fire safety regulations show promise in further limiting ICU fires in the near future.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar N, Ansar F, Baig MS, Abbas A. Airway fires during surgery: Management and prevention. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jan-Mar;32(1):109-11. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.175710. PMID: 27006554; PMCID: PMC4784189.
  • Kezze I, Zoremba N, Rossaint R, Rieg A, Coburn M, Schälte G. Risks and prevention of surgical fires : A systematic review. Anaesthesist. 2018 Jun;67(6):426-447. doi: 10.1007/s00101-018-0445-2. Epub 2018 May 15. PMID: 29766207.
  • Smith LP, Roy S. Operating room fires in otolaryngology: risk factors and prevention. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011 Mar-Apr;32(2):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2009.11.004. Epub 2010 Apr 13. PMID: 20392535.
  • Jones TS, Black IH, Robinson TN, Jones EL. Operating Room Fires. Anesthesiology. 2019 Mar;130(3):492-501. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002598. PMID: 30664060.
  • Wood MH, Hailwood M, Koutelos K. Reducing the risk of oxygen-related fires and explosions in hospitals treating Covid-19 patients. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2021 Sep;153:278-288. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.023. Epub 2021 Jun 24. PMID: 34188364; PMCID: PMC8223129.
  • Neves J, Lobão M. Oxygen therapy multicentric study - A nationwide audit to oxygen therapy procedures in Internal Medicine wards. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumología [Internet]. 2012;18(2):80-85. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169724488006
  • Wu J, Yao Y, Shang X. Causes and preventive measures for fire-related injuries in intensive care units: a systematic review. J Glob Health. 2025 Feb 28;15:04043. doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04043. PMID: 40019164; PMCID: PMC11869519.
  • Bui DP, Pollack Porter K, Griffin S, French DD, Jung AM, Crothers S, et al. Risk management of emergency service vehicle crashes in the United States fire service: process, outputs, and recommendations. BMC Public Health. 2017 Nov 17;17(1):885. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4894-3. PMID: 29149879; PMCID: PMC5693554.
  • Barfield W, Krug S. Disaster Preparedness in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Pediatrics. 2017;139(5):e20170507. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-0507.
  • Kelly FE, Bailey CR, Aldridge P, Brennan PA, Hardy RP, Henrys P, Hussain A, Jenkins M, Lang A, McGuire N, McNarry A, Osborn M, Pittilla L, Ralph M, Sarkar S, Taft D. Fire safety and emergency evacuation guidelines for intensive care units and operating theatres: for use in the event of fire, flood, power cut, oxygen supply failure, noxious gas, structural collapse or other critical incidents: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists and the Intensive Care Society. Anaesthesia. 2021 Oct;76(10):1377-1391. doi: 10.1111/anae.15511. Epub 2021 May 13. PMID: 33984872.
  • Löfqvist E, Oskarsson Å, Brändström H, Vuorio A, Haney M. Evacuation Preparedness in the Event of Fire in Intensive Care Units in Sweden: More is Needed. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017 Jun;32(3):317-320. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X17000152. Epub 2017 Mar 10. PMID: 28279230.
  • Dhaliwal N, Bhogal RS, Kumar A, Gupta AK. Responding to fire in an intensive care unit: Management and lessons learned. World J Emerg Med. 2018;9(2):154-156. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.02.014. PMID: 29576832; PMCID: PMC5847505.

Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Yangın Güvenliği: Güncel Uygulamalar, Teknolojik Gelişmeler ve Geleceğe Dönük Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 47 - 51, 29.08.2025

Öz

Yoğun bakım üniteleri (YBÜ), yüksek akımlı oksijen tedavisi, çoklu elektrikli cihaz kullanımı ve kritik hastaların kesintisiz izlenmesi gibi faktörlerden ötürü yangın riski açısından yüksek hassasiyet gösteren klinik ortamlardır. Literatür, yangınların çoğunlukla elektriksel arızalar, oksijen silindiri veya sistem kaçakları ve yanıcı maddelerin uygunsuz kullanımı gibi nedenlerle tetiklendiğini vurgulamaktadır. Yangın sırasında hasta tahliyesi, entübasyon veya yüksek akımlı oksijen tedavisine bağımlı hastalarda özellikle zorluk yaratır. Bu derlemede, YBÜ’lerde yangın güvenliğini iyileştirmeye yönelik risk faktörleri, önleyici ve koruyucu stratejiler, acil durum yönetimi, tahliye planlaması ve yapay zekâ tabanlı erken uyarı sistemleri gibi geleceğe yönelik teknolojik çözümler ele alınmaktadır. Kurumsal yangın risk analizlerinin düzenli yapılması, personelin çok disiplinli eğitim alması, bölümlere özgü acil tahliye protokolleri ve yapısal iyileştirmeler, yangın riskini önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Öte yandan yapay zekâ destekli izleme, ileri düzey alev geciktirici malzemeler ve ulusal/uluslararası standartlarda güçlendirilmiş yangın güvenliği yönetmelikleri, YBÜ yangınlarını gelecekte daha da sınırlayabilecek umut verici yaklaşımlardır.

Etik Beyan

Etik kurul onayı alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum yoktur.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar N, Ansar F, Baig MS, Abbas A. Airway fires during surgery: Management and prevention. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jan-Mar;32(1):109-11. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.175710. PMID: 27006554; PMCID: PMC4784189.
  • Kezze I, Zoremba N, Rossaint R, Rieg A, Coburn M, Schälte G. Risks and prevention of surgical fires : A systematic review. Anaesthesist. 2018 Jun;67(6):426-447. doi: 10.1007/s00101-018-0445-2. Epub 2018 May 15. PMID: 29766207.
  • Smith LP, Roy S. Operating room fires in otolaryngology: risk factors and prevention. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011 Mar-Apr;32(2):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2009.11.004. Epub 2010 Apr 13. PMID: 20392535.
  • Jones TS, Black IH, Robinson TN, Jones EL. Operating Room Fires. Anesthesiology. 2019 Mar;130(3):492-501. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002598. PMID: 30664060.
  • Wood MH, Hailwood M, Koutelos K. Reducing the risk of oxygen-related fires and explosions in hospitals treating Covid-19 patients. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2021 Sep;153:278-288. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.023. Epub 2021 Jun 24. PMID: 34188364; PMCID: PMC8223129.
  • Neves J, Lobão M. Oxygen therapy multicentric study - A nationwide audit to oxygen therapy procedures in Internal Medicine wards. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumología [Internet]. 2012;18(2):80-85. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169724488006
  • Wu J, Yao Y, Shang X. Causes and preventive measures for fire-related injuries in intensive care units: a systematic review. J Glob Health. 2025 Feb 28;15:04043. doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04043. PMID: 40019164; PMCID: PMC11869519.
  • Bui DP, Pollack Porter K, Griffin S, French DD, Jung AM, Crothers S, et al. Risk management of emergency service vehicle crashes in the United States fire service: process, outputs, and recommendations. BMC Public Health. 2017 Nov 17;17(1):885. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4894-3. PMID: 29149879; PMCID: PMC5693554.
  • Barfield W, Krug S. Disaster Preparedness in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Pediatrics. 2017;139(5):e20170507. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-0507.
  • Kelly FE, Bailey CR, Aldridge P, Brennan PA, Hardy RP, Henrys P, Hussain A, Jenkins M, Lang A, McGuire N, McNarry A, Osborn M, Pittilla L, Ralph M, Sarkar S, Taft D. Fire safety and emergency evacuation guidelines for intensive care units and operating theatres: for use in the event of fire, flood, power cut, oxygen supply failure, noxious gas, structural collapse or other critical incidents: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists and the Intensive Care Society. Anaesthesia. 2021 Oct;76(10):1377-1391. doi: 10.1111/anae.15511. Epub 2021 May 13. PMID: 33984872.
  • Löfqvist E, Oskarsson Å, Brändström H, Vuorio A, Haney M. Evacuation Preparedness in the Event of Fire in Intensive Care Units in Sweden: More is Needed. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017 Jun;32(3):317-320. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X17000152. Epub 2017 Mar 10. PMID: 28279230.
  • Dhaliwal N, Bhogal RS, Kumar A, Gupta AK. Responding to fire in an intensive care unit: Management and lessons learned. World J Emerg Med. 2018;9(2):154-156. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.02.014. PMID: 29576832; PMCID: PMC5847505.
Toplam 12 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yoğun Bakım
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Kadir Kabahasanoğlu 0009-0002-9045-5123

Muammer Hayri Bektaş 0009-0009-7577-9171

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Kabahasanoğlu K, Bektaş MH. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Yangın Güvenliği: Güncel Uygulamalar, Teknolojik Gelişmeler ve Geleceğe Dönük Yaklaşımlar. HTD / HMJ. 2025;5(2):47-51.

e-ISSN: 2791-9935