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WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 397 - 415, 28.12.2025

Aydın Yeşilyurt

https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1596508

Öz

Waste management in medical laboratories is an important issue in healthcare organizations. The increasing amount of waste, the use of hazardous chemicals, the depletion of natural resources, and environmental pollution all contribute to the growing significance of waste management. Improper mixed waste and the release of hazardous chemicals into the environment pose significant risks. Neglecting waste management can lead to dangerous situations for both the environment and human health. To solve these problems, it is essential to separate waste at the source, label it appropriately, and apply proper disposal methods. In addition, recycling should be encouraged to reduce the amount of waste, and safer chemicals should be preferred in laboratories. Waste management should be continuously monitored and evaluated through legal regulations and regular educations. Waste management in medical laboratories has a vital importance in terms of sustainability and environmental protection. Therefore, with proper practices and conscious solutions, these issues can be overcome, ensuring effective waste management. In this study, the types of waste generated in medical laboratories, the problems encountered in waste management, and the key considerations for resolving these problems have been evaluated within the framework of relevant legal regulations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medical Waste Waste Management Laboratory Health

Kaynakça

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  • Abdo, N.M., Hamza, W.S., Al-Fadhli, M.A. (2019), "Effectiveness of education program on hospital waste management", International Journal of Workplace Health Management, Vol. 12 No. 6, pp. 457-468. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-10-2018-0137.
  • Alam, ABMM. (2024). CHEMISTRY: Acids, Bases and Salts. Revision: 01. ACSCIP Publications. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ali, M., Wang, W., Chaudhry, N., & Geng, Y. (2017). Hospital waste management in developing countries: A mini review. Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 35(6), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17691344.
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  • Bakiu, R., ve Durmishaj, S. (2018). Medical waste effects and management: overview and future directions. SF J Environ Earth Sci. 2018; 1 (2), 1019.
  • Bathla, S. ve Jain, T. (2016). Heavy metals toxicity. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 6(5), 361-368.
  • Batur, T., Çokluk, E., Uçar, B., Alp, H. H. (2021). Laboratuvar Çalışanlarının Tıbbi Atık Farkındalık Durumları. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.913750.
  • Bayrau, B. A., Buyukcangaz, E., Sadarangani, S. P., Ondigo, B. N., Prinzi, A., & LaBeaud, A. D. (2025). (Un)Sustainable Science: Greening Practices in Research, Clinical Microbiology, and Veterinary Laboratories Locally and Globally. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Vol. 12, No. 2, p. ofae677). US: Oxford University Press.
  • Bek, N., ve Bek, A. (2021). Sağlık Çalışanları Örneğinde Atık Bilgisi Üzerine Bir Durum Çalışması. TroyAcademy, 6(2), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.31454/troyacademy.930759.
  • Berkel, M. ve Çağındı, Ö. (2014). Gıda Laboratuvarlarında Atık Yönetimi. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 54-59.
  • Boz, M. K. ve Çimen, M. (2021). Sağlık çalışanlarının tıbbi atık yönetimi bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 8(4), 296-303.
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TIBBİ LABORATUVARLARDA ATIK YÖNETİMİ: SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜMLER

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 397 - 415, 28.12.2025

Aydın Yeşilyurt

https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1596508

Öz

Tıbbi laboratuvarlarda atık yönetimi, sağlık tesislerinde önemli bir konudur. Atık miktarının artması, tehlikeli kimyasalların kullanımı, doğal kaynakların tükenmesi ve çevresel kirlilik gibi sorunlar atık yönetiminin önemini artırmaktadır. Yanlış atık karışımları ve tehlikeli kimyasalların çevreye salınımı önemli riskler oluşturur. Atık yönetiminin ihmal edilmesi, çevre ve insan sağlığı için tehlikeli durumlar oluşturabilir. Bu sorunların çözümü için atıkların kaynağında ayrıştırılması, etiketlenmesi ve uygun imha yöntemlerinin uygulanması gerekir. Ayrıca, atık miktarının azaltılması için geri dönüşüm teşvik edilmeli ve laboratuvarlarda daha güvenli kimyasallar tercih edilmelidir. Yasal düzenlemeler ve düzenli eğitimlerle atık yönetimi sürekli izlenmeli ve değerlendirilmelidir. Tıbbi laboratuvarlarda atık yönetimi, sürdürülebilirlik ve çevre koruma açısından hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle, doğru uygulamalar ve bilinçli çözümlerle bu sorunların üstesinden gelinerek sağlıklı bir atık yönetimi sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmada, tıbbi laboratuvarlarda ortaya çıkan atık türleri, bu atıkların yönetiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar, ilgili yasal düzenlemeler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tıbbi Atık Atık Yönetimi Laboratuvar Sağlık

Kaynakça

  • Abay, P., Derman, S., Özpınar, S., Sevil, Ü. (2024). Tıbbi Atık Yönetimi ve Uluslararası Hukuk Uygulamaları. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi. Sayı: 170, Sayfa: 267 – 306.
  • Abdo, N.M., Hamza, W.S., Al-Fadhli, M.A. (2019), "Effectiveness of education program on hospital waste management", International Journal of Workplace Health Management, Vol. 12 No. 6, pp. 457-468. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-10-2018-0137.
  • Alam, ABMM. (2024). CHEMISTRY: Acids, Bases and Salts. Revision: 01. ACSCIP Publications. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ali, M., Wang, W., Chaudhry, N., & Geng, Y. (2017). Hospital waste management in developing countries: A mini review. Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 35(6), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17691344.
  • Atık İstatistikleri Bülteni. (2022). T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. ÇED, İzin ve Denetim Genel Müdürlüğü, Çevre Envanteri ve Bilgi Yönetimi Dairesi Başkanlığı. Sayı:12, https://ced.csb.gov.tr/tibbi-atik-istatistikleri-i- 89098. Erişim tarihi: 04.12.2024.
  • Bakiu, R., ve Durmishaj, S. (2018). Medical waste effects and management: overview and future directions. SF J Environ Earth Sci. 2018; 1 (2), 1019.
  • Bathla, S. ve Jain, T. (2016). Heavy metals toxicity. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 6(5), 361-368.
  • Batur, T., Çokluk, E., Uçar, B., Alp, H. H. (2021). Laboratuvar Çalışanlarının Tıbbi Atık Farkındalık Durumları. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.913750.
  • Bayrau, B. A., Buyukcangaz, E., Sadarangani, S. P., Ondigo, B. N., Prinzi, A., & LaBeaud, A. D. (2025). (Un)Sustainable Science: Greening Practices in Research, Clinical Microbiology, and Veterinary Laboratories Locally and Globally. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Vol. 12, No. 2, p. ofae677). US: Oxford University Press.
  • Bek, N., ve Bek, A. (2021). Sağlık Çalışanları Örneğinde Atık Bilgisi Üzerine Bir Durum Çalışması. TroyAcademy, 6(2), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.31454/troyacademy.930759.
  • Berkel, M. ve Çağındı, Ö. (2014). Gıda Laboratuvarlarında Atık Yönetimi. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 54-59.
  • Boz, M. K. ve Çimen, M. (2021). Sağlık çalışanlarının tıbbi atık yönetimi bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 8(4), 296-303.
  • Caniato, M., Tudor, T., Vaccari, M. (2015). International governance structures for health-care waste management: a systematic review of scientific literature. Journal of environmental management, 153, 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.039.
  • Cerrahoğlu, M. N., ve Kılıçaslan, H. (2019). Tıbbî Atıkların Sağlık Harcamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(4), 59-68.
  • Chartier, Y., Emmanuel, J., Pieper, U., Prüss, A., Rushbrook, P., Stringer, R., Townend, W., Wilburn, S. ve Zghondi R. (2014). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities. Second Edition. World Health Organization.
  • Conrardy, J., Hillanbrand, M., Myers, S., & Nussbaum, G. F. (2010). Reducing medical waste. AORN journal, 91(6), 711–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2009.12.029.
  • Cömert, M.B., ve İrkin R., (2020). Tıbbi Laboratuvarlarda İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği. Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri Kongresi 2020 (ICHES-IDU 2020), 978-605-69933-7-4, 282–288.
  • CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board (2016). Guidelines for Management of Healthcare Waste as per Biomedical Waste Management Rules.
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  • Hendrik, Alfitri, Ardiyan Saptawan, & Nengyanti. (2024). Collaborative Governance Model In Waste Management: A Stakeholder Empowerment Strategy Towards Sustainable Development In Rejang Lebong District. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 6845–6852. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.4052.
  • Huang, S.-W., Lai, Y.-H., & Chiou, S.-Y. (2024). Using the Objective Key Result Method to Reduce the Rate of Biomedical Waste in Medical Institutions. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2024(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1566231.
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2022). Technical guidelines on biological hazards in the working environment. Meeting of Experts for the tripartite validation of the technical guidelines on biological hazards. 20–24 June 2022. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Işık, S. S. ve Çopur, E. Ö. (2023). Çevre Sağlığı ve Tıbbi Atık Yönetimi. Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Sağlık Yönetimi. Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti. Ed. Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İbrahim Bozkurt Bölüm 8;115-131. Türkiye.
  • Jangre, J., Prasad, K., & Patel, D. (2023). Management of healthcare waste collection and segregation for developing countries. Waste Management & Research, 42(11), 1079-1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X231199917.
  • Janik-Karpinska, E., Brancaleoni, R., Niemcewicz, M., Wojtas, W., Foco, M., Podogrocki, M., & Bijak, M. (2023). Healthcare Waste—A Serious Problem for Global Health. Healthcare, 11(2), 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020242.
  • Joseph, B., James, J., Kalarikkal, N., Thomas, S. (2021). Recycling of medical plastics. Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 4(3), 199-208.
  • Kannadhasan, S., ve Nagarajan, R. (2022). Recent trends in bio-medical waste, challenges and opportunities. Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 97-108.
  • Kenny, C., ve Priyadarshini, A. (2021). Review of Current Healthcare Waste Management Methods and Their Effect on Global Health. Healthcare, 9(3), 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030284.
  • Khan, B. A., Cheng, L., Khan, A. A., & Ahmed, H. (2019). Healthcare waste management in Asian developing countries: A mini review. Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 37(9), 863–875. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19857470.
  • Lahoti J, Sn J, Krishna MV, Prasad M, Bs R, Mysore N, Nayak JS. (2024). Multi-class waste segregation using computer vision and robotic arm. PeerJ Comput Sci. 10;10:e1957. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1957. PMID: 38855211; PMCID: PMC11157593.
  • Lee, B. K., Ellenbecker, M. J., Moure-Ersaso, R. (2004). Alternatives for treatment and disposal cost reduction of regulated medical wastes. Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 24(2), 143– 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2003.10.008.
  • Lohani, N., ve Dixit, S. (2017). Biomedical waste management practices in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive study in Srinagar, Garhwal, India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 4(2), 465–470. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394- 6040.ijcmph20170274.
  • Mattick, J. ve Amaral, P. (2022). RNA, the Epicenter of Genetic Information: A new understanding of molecular biology. Chapter 2: The Genetic Material?. CRC Press, Abingdon (UK).
  • Mazahar, S. (2024). Health Implications Related With the Presence of Waste Sorting Plants and Biological Contaminants. Editor(s):Rajeev Singh, Anamika Singh. Airborne Biocontaminants and Their Impact on Human Health. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. 14 June 2024. 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394178964.ch7.
  • Modi, S. (2024). Automationg waste segregation using iot. Indian Scientific Journal Of Research In Engineering And Management, 08(05), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35121.
  • Namratha A M, Nandini S, Nanditha K, Meghashree C, Dr. Manjula G, 2021, Automatic Waste Management and Segregation System using IoT, Internatıonal Journal Of Engıneerıng Research & Technology (IJERT) NCCDS – 2021 (Volume 09 – Issue 12).
  • Okonkwo, C. U., Liyuan, L., Guo, J., Wang, T., Meng, C., Feng, Q., & Yang, C. (2024). Review on medical waste management in China and Nigeria. Waste Management & Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x241271018.
  • Ozben, T. ve Fragão-Marques, M. (2023). Chemical strategies for sustainable medical laboratories. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 61(4), 642-650. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-1157.
  • Öden, M. K. (2021). Biyomedikal ve Tıbbi Atıkların Yönetimine Dair Mevzuatın Uygulanmasının Araştırılması. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 86-103. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.884094.
  • Özeren, Y. (2019). Sağlık kuruluşlarında atık yönetimi ve tıbbi atıkların bertarafı: Bursa örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Pachauri, A., Shah, P., Almroth, B. C., Sevilla, N. P. M., & Narasimhan, M. (2019). Safe and sustainable waste management of self care products. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 365, l1298. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1298.
  • Padmanabhan, K. K., ve Barik, D. (2019). Health hazards of medical waste and its disposal. In Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation (pp. 99–118). Woodhead Publishing, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102528-4.00008-0.
  • Patrick, G. (2017). Organic Chemistry: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. (ISBN: 978- 198759775).
  • Pfeifer N. (2023). Innovative Approaches to Waste Management and Recycling: A Comprehensive Review. Environ Waste Management Recycling. 6(4):151.
  • Rajalakshmi, S., Amzad Basha, K., & Asif Jamal, G. A. (2023). A manual on waste management audit. Laser Park Publish House, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 163p.
  • Reichardt, C. (2007). Solvents and solvent effects: an introduction. Organic process research & development, 11(1), 105-113.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2015). Atık Yönetimi Yönetmeliği. Sayı:29314. (Değişik:RG-23/3/2017-30016).
  • Resmi Gazete. (2017). Tıbbi Atıkların Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. Sayı:29959. (Değişik:RG18/8/2022-31927).
  • Resmi Gazete. (2022). Tıbbi Atıkların Kontrolü Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. Sayı:31927.
  • Shaida, M.N. ve Singla, S. (2019). Global Biomedical Waste Management Issues and Practices. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication. ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8, Issue-9S. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.I1169.0789S19.
  • Shikoska, B., Dimova, C., Schumanov, G., & Vankovski, V. (2016). Biomedical Waste Management. Molecular Medicine Reports, 70(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1515/MMR-2016- 0001.
  • Singh, A., Joshi, H. S., Katyal, R., Singh, R., & Singh, H. (2017). Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016: A Brief Review. 2(4), 201–204. https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10050- 10107.
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  • Tamilselvi ve Devanithya, (2020). Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Biomedical Waste Management among Healthcare Personnel. 05(03), 39–40. https://doi.org/10.36348/SJBR.2020.V05I03.004.
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  • Tushar, S. R., Alam, M. F. B., Bari, A. B. M. M., & Karmaker, C. L. (2023). Assessing the challenges to medical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for the environmental sustainability in the emerging economies. Socio-economic planning sciences, 87, 101513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101513.
  • Vaccari, M., Tudor, T., & Perteghella, A. (2018). Costs associated with the management of waste from healthcare facilities: An analysis at national and site level. Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 36(1), 39– 47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17739968.
  • Veličković, J., ve Ilić Živojinović, J. (2023). Medical waste management: treatment, recycling and disposal options. https://doi.org/10.58424/annnurs.952.7pp.fz1.
  • Voudrias, E. A. (2023). Management of COVID-19 healthcare waste based on the circular economy hierarchy: A critical review. Haikibutsu Gakkaishi, 734242X231198424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x231198424.
  • Windfeld, E. S., ve Brooks, M. S. (2015). Medical waste management - A review. Journal of environmental management, 163, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.013.
  • Wolff A. (2018). Management of waste from the health-care sector. In A.B.A. Boxall and R.S. Kookana (Eds.), Health Care and Environmental Contamination (pp. 167-198). Elsevier: Cambridge, MA.
  • Yu,Y.; Wang,Z.; Chen,Q.; Chen,Q. (2025). Innovative Approaches to Waste Management in Circular Economy: Technological Advancements and Policy Implications. Journal of Fintech and Business Analysis,2(1),11-15. https://doi.org/10.54254/3049-5768/2025.20858.
  • Zhengze, Z., & Zhiqiang, C. (2023). Application of information visualization design in the popularization of the knowledge of medical waste. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2685, No. 1). AIP Publishing
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Aydın Yeşilyurt 0000-0003-4034-4206

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yeşilyurt, A. (2025). TIBBİ LABORATUVARLARDA ATIK YÖNETİMİ: SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜMLER. Hastane Öncesi Dergisi, 10(3), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1596508