Variation of The Leaf Area Index of Some Vegetables Commonly Grown in Greenhouse Conditions with Cultural Practices

Abstract

Leaf area index (LAI) values in plants affect photosynthesis and carbohydrate production directly since it is a measure of photosynthetically active area and the area where transpiration occurs. Leaf area index is an important parameter required to determine plant water consumption by using climatic data and it is especially used in the calculation of aerodynamic resistance. Leaf area index vary depending on plant varieties and cultural practices and can be determined directly and indirectly by various methods. In this study, it was aimed to determine the LAI of four different crops (tomato, eggplant, cucumber and pepper) grown in Antalya, where greenhouse cultivation is intensive, depending on the cultural practices. The results showed that LAI was significantly affected by cultural practices such as leaf pruning and climatic differences. Leaf area index obtained from this study can be used to determine the crop evapotranspiration and aerodynamic resistance of four different plants grown under similar conditions.

Keywords

• Solanum lycopersicum L.
• Solanum melongena L.
• Capsicum annuum L.
• Cucumis sativus L.
• Leaf pruning

References

1. Al Mamun Hossain, S.A., Wang, L., Chen, T., & Li, Z. (2017). Leaf area index assessment for tomato and cucumber growing period under different water treatments. Plant, Soil and Environment, 63:461–467.
2. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Roma, Italy.
3. Ambroszczyk, A.M., Cebula, S., & Sekara, A. (2008). The effect of plant pruning on the light conditions and vegetative development of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in greenhouse cultivation. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 68:57–70.
4. Aydinsakir, K., & Buyuktas, D. (2009). Non-destructive leaf area estimation in carnation plants. Akdeniz University Jounal of Agriculture Faculty, 22:83–89.
5. Baudoin, W., Nono-Womdim, R., Lutaladio, N., Hodder, A., Castilla, N., Leonardi, C., Pascale, S. De, & Qaryouti, M. (2013). Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops-Principles for Meditterranean climate areas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
6. Harmanto, Salokhe, V.M., Babel, M.S., & Tantau, H.J. (2005). Water requirement of drip irrigated tomatoes grown in greenhouse in tropical environment. Agricultural Water Management, 71:225–242.
7. Heuvelink, E., Bakker, M.J., Elings, A., Kaarsemaker, R., & Marcelis, L.F.M. (2005). Effect of leaf area on tomato yield. Acta Horticulturae, 691:43–50.
8. Ildır, M.İ., & Aktaş, H. (2018). Effect of different type of pruning on the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato production. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 22:1241–1248.

9. Karaca, C., Tezcan, A., Buyuktas, K., Buyuktas, D., & Bastug, R. (2018). Equations developed to estimate evapotranspiration in greenhouses. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28:482–489.
10. Karaca, C. (2020). Evapotranspiration of crops widely grown in greenhouses using the energy balance method. PhD Thesis, Akdeniz University, Antalya.
11. Karam, F., Saliba, R., Skaf, S., Breidy, J., Rouphael, Y., & Balendonck, J. (2011). Yield and water use of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) under full and deficit irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 98:1307–1316.
12. MEGEP (2007). Growing of cucumber. Mesleki Eğitim ve Öğretim Sisteminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesi. p. 50. (in Turkish).
13. MEGEP (2008a). Growing of Pepper. Mesleki Eğitim ve Öğretim Sisteminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesi. p.47. (in Turkish).
14. MEGEP (2008b). Growing of eggplant Mesleki Eğitim ve Öğretim Sisteminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesi p.35. (in Turkish).
15. Mendoza-Pérez, C., Ramírez-Ayala, C., Ojeda-Bustamante, W., & Flores-Magdaleno, H. (2017). Estimation of leaf area index and yield of greenhouse-grown poblano pepper. Ingeniería Agrícola y Biosistemas, 9:37–50.
16. Moreno, M.M., Ribas, F., Moreno, A., & Cabello, M.J. (2003). Physiological response of a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crop to different trickle irrigation rates. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 1:65–74.
17. Nederhoff, E.M., Gijzen, J.G., & Vegter, J. (1988). Measurement and simulation of crop photosynthesis of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in greenhouses. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 36:253–264.
18. Passioura, J. B., & Angus, J. F. (2010). Improving Productivity of Crops in Water-Limited Environments. In J. B. Passioura, J. F. Angus, & D. L. Sparks (Eds.), Advances in Agronomy. Academic Press, Burlington. pp.37-75.
19. Rolland-Lagan, A.G., Remmler, L., & Girard-Bock, C. (2014). Quantifying shape changes and tissue deformation in leaf development. Plant Physiology, 165:496–505.
20. Rubio, J.S., Pereira, W.E., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Murillo, L., García, A.L., & Martínez, V. (2011). Sweet pepper production in substrate in response to salinity, nutrient solution management and training system. Horticultura Brasileira, 29:275–281.
21. Stanghellini, C. (1987). Transpiration of greenhouse crops an aid to climate management. PhD thesis Institute of Agricultural Engineering. Wageningen University, p.150.
22. Ta, T.H., Shin, J.H., Ahn, T.I., & Son, J.E. (2011). Modeling of transpiration of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) plants based on radiation and leaf area index in soilless culture. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 52:265–269.
23. Tripathi, V.K., Rajput, T.B.S., Patel, N., & Kumar, P. (2015). Biometric response of eggplant under sustainable micro irrigation with municipal wastewater. In M. R. Goyal (Ed.), Sustainable Practices in Surface and Subsurface Micro Irrigation. Apple Academic Press, pp. 319–331.
24. TUİK. (2020). Crop Production Statistics-Agricultural Production Areas. http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt. Date accessed: February 06, 2020.
25. Tuzel, Y. (2013). Cultural practices. In W. Baudoin, R. Nono-Womdim, N. Lutaladio, & A. Hodder (Eds.), Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops - Principles for Meditterranean climate areas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 379–397.
26. USDA (1999). Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys (Second Ed.). Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook p. 436.
27. USSL (1956). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. U.S. Dept. Agric. Handbook No.60.
28. Watson, D.J. (1947). Comparative Physiological Studies on the Growth of Field Crops: I. Variation in Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area between Species and Varieties, and within and between Years. Annals of Botany, 11:41–76.
29. Weiss, M., Baret, F., Smith, G.J., Jonckheere, I., & Coppin, P. (2004). Review of methods for in situ leaf area index (LAI) determination Part II. Estimation of LAI, errors and sampling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121:37–53.
30. Yıldırım, M. (2015). Water and radiation use efficiency of eggplant under none water stress condition in semi-arid region. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 3:71–77.
31. Yıldız, Ö. (2018). Calculation of crop water requirement for crops grown in greenhouses in the western mediterranean basin. MSc Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara.
32. Zhao, D., Xie, D., Zhou, H., Jiang, H., & An, S. (2012). Estimation of Leaf Area Index and Plant Area Index of a Submerged Macrophyte Canopy Using Digital Photography. PLoS ONE, 7:e51034.