Körtiktepe and the Early Neolithization in Upper Mesopotamia

Year 2025, Issue: 16, 27 - 54, 15.11.2025

Vecihi Özkaya Abu B. Siddiq

Abstract

Körtiktepe is the only site in southeastern Türkiye that provides securely dated evidence of Younger Dryas occupation. Together with Tell Qaramel and Tell Mureybet in the Middle Euphrates Basin, it played a pivotal role in the origins and early development of the Neolithic in Upper Mesopotamia. Occupied by sedentary hunter-gatherer-fishers from ca. 10,700 to 9,300 BC, the site preserves a continuous sequence spanning the Younger Dryas to the Early Holocene. Excavations have revealed approximately 460 architectural features and around 2,000 single and double burials -half containing painted human skeletons accompanied by an extraordinary range of grave goods- making Körtiktepe one of the richest known Neolithic cultural assemblages worldwide. Its 1,300 years of pre-agrarian settlement history, coupled with abundant plant remains and hundreds of thousands of animal bones, provide a unique opportunity to examine human responses to environmental change during the Younger Dryas-Early Holocene transition. By integrating chronometric datings, architectural traditions, burial customs, and archetypal cultural items, this study positions Körtiktepe within its broader chronological and cultural context and evaluates its legacy in shaping Neolithic lifeways in Upper Mesopotamia.

Keywords

Körtiktepe , Younger Dryas , Early Holocene , PPNA , Neolithization , Upper Mesopotamia

Ethical Statement

It is declared that scientific and ethical principles were complied with during the preparation of this study and all the works referred are mentioned in the bibliography

Yukarı Mezopotamya’da Erken Neolitikleşme Sürecinde Körtiktepe

Abstract

Körtiktepe, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Genç Dryas yerleşime dair güvenilir bir şekilde tarihlendirilebilen kanıtlar sunan şimdiye kadarki tek yerleşimdir. Orta Fırat Havzası’ndaki Tell Qaramel ve Tell Mureybet ile birlikte Yukarı Dicle Havzası’ndaki Körtiktepe, Yukarı Mezopotamya’da Neolitik kültürün doğuşunda ve gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Şimdiye kadar Körtiktepe, Güneydoğu Anadolu’da Genç Dryas Devri yerleşik yaşamına dair güvenilir bir tarihlendirmeyle kanıtlar sunan tek yerleşimdir. Yerleşim, MÖ 10.700’den MÖ 9.300 yılları arasında, Genç Dryas’ten Erken Holosen Döneme kadar, yerleşik avcı-toplayıcı-balıkçıların yaşadığı bir yerdir. Yaklaşık 460 mimari kalıntı ile yarısı boyalı insan iskeletleri olmak üzere olağanüstü sayıda mezar hediyesi içeren yaklaşık 2.000 tekli ve çiftli gömü ortaya çıkarılmıştır ki bu da onu dünyanın en zengin Neolitik buluntu grubu olan yerleşimi yapmıştır. 1.300 yılı aşkın tarım öncesi yerleşim tarihi, zengin bitki kalıntıları ve yüz binlerce hayvan kemiği ile Körtiktepe, Genç Dryas’tan Erken Holosen’e geçiş sırasında çevresel değişikliklere karşı insan tepkilerine ilişkin bilimsel soruları araştırmak için önemli bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Bu makalede; mutlak tarihler, yapı geleneği, ölü gömme adetleri ve yoğunlukları ile birlikte arketip kültürel öğeleri karşılaştırarak Yukarı Mezopotamya’daki Erken Neolitikleşme sürecinde Körtiktepe’nin kronolojik konumu ve mirası belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Körtiktepe , Genç Dryas , Erken Holosen , PPNA , Neolitikleşme , Yukarı Mezopotamya

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

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