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Positive Psychology: History, Basic Concepts, Therapeutic Process, Criticisms and Contributions

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 108 - 125, 17.06.2020

Abstract

The aim of this study is to introduce positive psychology generally. In this regard firstly, it is included the biography of Martin Seligman and positive psychology is introduced. Then, historical process which has some ideas contrubuting to positive psychology is discussed. In the following section, concepts which are common and under the roof of positive psychology have been mentioned. After the evaluation of the view of positive psychology to human nature, therapeutic relationship and purposes are focused on. This is followed with therapeutic process and intervention methods. At the related part, therapy approaches which are evaluated under the roof of positive psychology and intervention methods which are used in positive pschology have been mentioned. Then, criticisms on positive psychology have been focused. Finally, the study has been finished with the closing part.

References

  • Akin-Little, K.A. and Little, S.G. (2004). A preventative model of school consultation: Incorporating perspectives from positive psychology. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 155-162.
  • Ayas, A. (2009). Öğretmenlik mesleğinin önemi ve öğretmen yetiştirmede güncel sorunlar. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 1-12.
  • Bannink, F.P. (2013). Are you ready for positive cognitive behavioral therapy? The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 1(2): 65-73.
  • Calhoun, L.G. and Tedeschi, R.G. (2004). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: New considerations. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 93-102.
  • Carr, A. (2016). Pozitif psikoloji: Mutluluğun ve insanın güçlü yönlerinin bilimi. Ü. Şendilek. (Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Carver, S.C., Reynolds, S.L. and Scheier, M.F. (1994). The possible selves of optimists and pessimisits. Journal of Research in Personality, 28(2), 133-141.
  • Conoley, C.W. and Conoley, J.C. (2009). Positive pschology and family therapy: Creative techniques and piractical tools for guiding change and enhancing growth. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Cope, T. (2014). Positive psychotherapy: Let the truth be told. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 18(2), 62-71.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness, and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2013). Pozitif psikolojinin psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik alanında gelişimsel ve önleyici hizmetler bağlamında kullanılması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 1(1), 1-22.
  • Fava, G.A. and Ruini, C. (2003). Development and characteristics of a well-being enhancing psychotherapeutic strategy: Well-being therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34(1), 45-63.
  • Frankl, V.E. (2018). İnsanın anlam arayışı. S. Budak. (Çev.). İstanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınları.
  • Frisch, M.B. (1998). Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(1), 19-40.
  • Gable, S.L. and Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
  • Goleman, D. (2000). Duygusal zekâ neden ıq’dan daha önemlidir? B. Seçkin Yüksel (Çev.). İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
  • Haase, J.E. (2004). The adolescent resilience model as a guide to interventions. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 21(5), 289-299.
  • Hefferon, K. ve Boniwell, I. (2014). Pozitif psikoloji: Kuram, araştırma ve uygulamalar. T. Doğan ( Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Held, B.S. (2004). The negative side of positive psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44(1), 9-46. https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/people/martin-ep-seligman, (23.03.2020).
  • Karaırmak, Ö. ve Siviş, R. (2008). Modernizmden postmodernizme geçiş ve pozitif psikoloji. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(30), 102-115.
  • Lazarus, R.S. (2003). Does the positive psychology movement have legs? Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 93-109.
  • Linley, A. (2009). Positive psychology. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Linley, P.A., Joseph, S., Harrington, S. and Wood, A.M. (2006). Positive psychology: Past, present, and (possible) future. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
  • Mason, M. and Tiberius, V. (2009). Aristotle. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive
  • Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Moore, B.A. (2012). The progress of mankind. In J. Carlson & M.P. Maniacci (Ed.). Alfred Adler Revisited. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Myers, D.G. and Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy?. Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19.
  • Pawelski, J. and Gupta, M. (2009). Utilitarianism. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Pektaş, İ., Bilge, A. ve Ersoy, M.A. (2006). Toplum ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ve toplum ruh sağlığı hemşireliğinin rolü. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7, 43-48.
  • Peseschkian N. (2000). Positive psychotherapy. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
  • Peseschkian, N. (2012). Positive psychotherapy: Theory and practice of a new method. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Pesseschkian, N. (1982). Oriental stories as tools in psychotherapy: The merchant and the parrot. New York: Springer.
  • Peterson, C. (1991). The meaning and measurement of explanatory style. Psychological Inguiry, 2(1), 1-10.
  • Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55(1), 44–55.
  • Peterson, C. and Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: American Psychological Association & Oxford University Press.
  • Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40.
  • Ryff, C.D. and Keyes, C.L.M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention and positive therapy. In C.R. Snyder and S.J. Lopez (Ed.). Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
  • Seligman, M.E.P., Rashid, T. and Parks, A.C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychology, 61,774-788.
  • Sin, N.L. and Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467-487.
  • Snyder, C.R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Şahin, C. (2009). Eğitim sürecinde öğrenci kişilik hizmetleri ve rehberlik. İçinde M. Güven (Ed.). Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Tedeschi, R.G., Park, C.L. and Calhoun, L.G. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. London: LEA.
  • Tugade, M.M., Fredrickson, B.L. and Feldman Barrett, L. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1161-1190.
  • Uluğ, F. (1999). Eğitimde grup süreçleri. Ankara: TODAİE.
  • Wong, P.T.P. (2010). Meaning therapy: An integrative and positive existential psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 40, 85-93.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2010). Eğitimde rehberlik hizmetleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.

Pozitif Psikoloji: Tarihçe, Temel Kavramlar, Terapötik Süreç, Eleştiriler ve Katkılar

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 108 - 125, 17.06.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı pozitif psikolojiyi genel hatları ile tanıtmaktır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle Martin Seligman’ın biyografisine yer verilmiştir. Ardından, pozitif psikolojiye giriş yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, pozitif psikolojinin gelişmesine katkıda bulunan görüşlerin yer aldığı tarihsel süreç ele alınmıştır. Bunu takip eden bölümde, pozitif psikoloji çatısı altında yer alan ve daha sık karşılaşılan kavramlara değinilmiştir. Pozitif psikolojinin insan doğasına bakışı değerlendirildikten sonra, terapötik amaçlar ve terapötik ilişki üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunu, terapötik süreç ve müdahale yöntemleri takip etmiştir. İlgili kısımda, pozitif psikoloji çatısı altında değerlendirilebilecek terapi yaklaşımlarına ve pozitif psikoloji bağlamında kullanılan birçok müdahale yöntemine yer verilmiştir. Ardından, pozitif psikolojiye yöneltilen eleştiriler üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak, çalışma sonuç kısmı ile noktalanmıştır.

References

  • Akin-Little, K.A. and Little, S.G. (2004). A preventative model of school consultation: Incorporating perspectives from positive psychology. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 155-162.
  • Ayas, A. (2009). Öğretmenlik mesleğinin önemi ve öğretmen yetiştirmede güncel sorunlar. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 1-12.
  • Bannink, F.P. (2013). Are you ready for positive cognitive behavioral therapy? The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 1(2): 65-73.
  • Calhoun, L.G. and Tedeschi, R.G. (2004). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: New considerations. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 93-102.
  • Carr, A. (2016). Pozitif psikoloji: Mutluluğun ve insanın güçlü yönlerinin bilimi. Ü. Şendilek. (Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Carver, S.C., Reynolds, S.L. and Scheier, M.F. (1994). The possible selves of optimists and pessimisits. Journal of Research in Personality, 28(2), 133-141.
  • Conoley, C.W. and Conoley, J.C. (2009). Positive pschology and family therapy: Creative techniques and piractical tools for guiding change and enhancing growth. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Cope, T. (2014). Positive psychotherapy: Let the truth be told. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 18(2), 62-71.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness, and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2013). Pozitif psikolojinin psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik alanında gelişimsel ve önleyici hizmetler bağlamında kullanılması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 1(1), 1-22.
  • Fava, G.A. and Ruini, C. (2003). Development and characteristics of a well-being enhancing psychotherapeutic strategy: Well-being therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34(1), 45-63.
  • Frankl, V.E. (2018). İnsanın anlam arayışı. S. Budak. (Çev.). İstanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınları.
  • Frisch, M.B. (1998). Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(1), 19-40.
  • Gable, S.L. and Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
  • Goleman, D. (2000). Duygusal zekâ neden ıq’dan daha önemlidir? B. Seçkin Yüksel (Çev.). İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
  • Haase, J.E. (2004). The adolescent resilience model as a guide to interventions. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 21(5), 289-299.
  • Hefferon, K. ve Boniwell, I. (2014). Pozitif psikoloji: Kuram, araştırma ve uygulamalar. T. Doğan ( Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Held, B.S. (2004). The negative side of positive psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44(1), 9-46. https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/people/martin-ep-seligman, (23.03.2020).
  • Karaırmak, Ö. ve Siviş, R. (2008). Modernizmden postmodernizme geçiş ve pozitif psikoloji. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(30), 102-115.
  • Lazarus, R.S. (2003). Does the positive psychology movement have legs? Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 93-109.
  • Linley, A. (2009). Positive psychology. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Linley, P.A., Joseph, S., Harrington, S. and Wood, A.M. (2006). Positive psychology: Past, present, and (possible) future. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
  • Mason, M. and Tiberius, V. (2009). Aristotle. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive
  • Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Moore, B.A. (2012). The progress of mankind. In J. Carlson & M.P. Maniacci (Ed.). Alfred Adler Revisited. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Myers, D.G. and Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy?. Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19.
  • Pawelski, J. and Gupta, M. (2009). Utilitarianism. In S. Lopez (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Pektaş, İ., Bilge, A. ve Ersoy, M.A. (2006). Toplum ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ve toplum ruh sağlığı hemşireliğinin rolü. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7, 43-48.
  • Peseschkian N. (2000). Positive psychotherapy. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
  • Peseschkian, N. (2012). Positive psychotherapy: Theory and practice of a new method. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Pesseschkian, N. (1982). Oriental stories as tools in psychotherapy: The merchant and the parrot. New York: Springer.
  • Peterson, C. (1991). The meaning and measurement of explanatory style. Psychological Inguiry, 2(1), 1-10.
  • Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55(1), 44–55.
  • Peterson, C. and Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: American Psychological Association & Oxford University Press.
  • Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40.
  • Ryff, C.D. and Keyes, C.L.M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention and positive therapy. In C.R. Snyder and S.J. Lopez (Ed.). Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
  • Seligman, M.E.P., Rashid, T. and Parks, A.C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychology, 61,774-788.
  • Sin, N.L. and Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467-487.
  • Snyder, C.R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Şahin, C. (2009). Eğitim sürecinde öğrenci kişilik hizmetleri ve rehberlik. İçinde M. Güven (Ed.). Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Tedeschi, R.G., Park, C.L. and Calhoun, L.G. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. London: LEA.
  • Tugade, M.M., Fredrickson, B.L. and Feldman Barrett, L. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1161-1190.
  • Uluğ, F. (1999). Eğitimde grup süreçleri. Ankara: TODAİE.
  • Wong, P.T.P. (2010). Meaning therapy: An integrative and positive existential psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 40, 85-93.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2010). Eğitimde rehberlik hizmetleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ramazan Demir 0000-0002-3864-558X

Fulya Türk 0000-0003-1896-8418

Publication Date June 17, 2020
Submission Date April 27, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, R., & Türk, F. (2020). Pozitif Psikoloji: Tarihçe, Temel Kavramlar, Terapötik Süreç, Eleştiriler ve Katkılar. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 108-125.


Humanistic Perspective - 2019


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