TR
EN
Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts
Abstract
The lands of the Ottoman Empire were occupied by the Entente army after the Armistice of Mondros. The people, who did not react sufficiently to these occupations at the beginning, blew away the cobwebs with the occupation of Izmir and uprisings were started in many parts of the country. In this process, Gazi Mustafa Kemal led those who started the uprising. However, the country was worn out by years of external and internal wars. Poverty, desertions and economic problems made it difficult for the National Struggle to succeed. The leaders of the National Struggle did not consider only hard power sufficient to overcome these problems. The number of deserters in the army, which was the means to use this hard power, had reached three hundred thousand. In order to find a solution to this problem in the first place, they established the Courts of Independence as a deterrent force. The Courts of Independence had two phases. In the first phase, the incidents of bribery to evade military service in the Independence Courts of Al-Jazeera, one of the fourteen Independence Courts, will be discussed. The aim of this study is to address the difficulties experienced during the National Struggle and to reveal the extent of the bribery incidents in the Al Jazeera Independence Court. Methodologically, this article was written by utilizing many academic publications and archival documents.
Keywords
References
- İstiklal Mahkemeleri (Kanun, gerekçe ve genel kurul tutanakları). (2015). Haz. Mehmet Şahin vs. TBMM Kütüphane ve Arşiv Hizmetleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
- ElCezire İstiklâl Mahkemesi (Kararlar ve mahkeme zabıtları). (2015). Haz. Mehmet Şahin vd. TBMM Kütüphane ve Arşiv Hizmetleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
- Ceride-i Resmiye. (1921). No:3, 22.
- TBMM Gizli Celse Zabıtları. (1922). D:1, C:2, İ:80, 607-616.
- Ceride-i Resmiye.(1921), No:2, 2-3.
- TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi. (1920). D:1, C:1, İ:3, 63.
- Aybars, E. (2006). İstiklâl Mahkemeleri. Zeus Kitabevi.
- Atatürk, K. M. (2011). Nutuk. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Political Science (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
July 8, 2024
Submission Date
February 17, 2024
Acceptance Date
February 27, 2024
Published in Issue
Year 2024 Volume: 8 Number: 1
APA
Karakuş, G. (2024). Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts. Hakkari Review, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.31457/hr.1438847
AMA
1.Karakuş G. Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts. Hakkari Review. 2024;8(1):1-15. doi:10.31457/hr.1438847
Chicago
Karakuş, Girayalp. 2024. “Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts”. Hakkari Review 8 (1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.31457/hr.1438847.
EndNote
Karakuş G (July 1, 2024) Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts. Hakkari Review 8 1 1–15.
IEEE
[1]G. Karakuş, “Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts”, Hakkari Review, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–15, July 2024, doi: 10.31457/hr.1438847.
ISNAD
Karakuş, Girayalp. “Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts”. Hakkari Review 8/1 (July 1, 2024): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.31457/hr.1438847.
JAMA
1.Karakuş G. Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts. Hakkari Review. 2024;8:1–15.
MLA
Karakuş, Girayalp. “Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts”. Hakkari Review, vol. 8, no. 1, July 2024, pp. 1-15, doi:10.31457/hr.1438847.
Vancouver
1.Girayalp Karakuş. Al-Jazeera Bribery Cases Reflected in the Independence Courts. Hakkari Review. 2024 Jul. 1;8(1):1-15. doi:10.31457/hr.1438847