TARIMSAL BÜYÜMEYİ ETKİLEYEN EKONOMİK FAKTÖRLERİN ANALİZİ: AB ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Abstract

Tarım, yalnızca insanların en temel gereksinimi olan beslenme ihtiyacını karşılaması açısından değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik kalkınmanın sürdürülebilirliğini destekleyecek kaynakları sağlaması bakımından da stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada 2000-2024 dönemini kapsayan 27 AB ülkesinin yıllık verileri ile tarımsal büyümeyi etkileyen faktörler analiz edilmiştir. AB ülkelerinde tarımsal büyümeyi etkileyen bağımsız değişkenler (brüt sabit sermaye oluşumu, tarımsal hammadde ihracatı, tarımsal hammadde ithalatı, tarımsal istihdam, kentsel nüfus artışı ve enflasyon) STATA programı kullanılarak panel veri analizi yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Analiz edilen modelde tarımsal büyüme, enflasyon, kentsel nüfus artışı, tarımsal istihdam, tarımsal büyüme değişkeninin bir yıl önceki değeri %1 düzeyinde; tarımsal hammadde ithalatı değişkeni %5 düzeyinde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Tarımsal büyüme oranı ile tarımsal hammadde ihracatı, tarımsal istihdam, enflasyon ve brüt sabit sermaye oluşumu arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki; tarımsal hammadde ithalatı ve kentsel nüfus artışı arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, AB ülkelerinde tarımın yalnızca gıda arzı açısından değil, ekonomik istikrarın bir bileşeni olarak da değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Tarımsal Büyüme
• Avrupa Birliği
• Panel Veri Analizi

AN ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM EU COUNTRIES

Abstract

Agriculture not only provides the primary nutritional need of people, but it is also a vital strategic importance in terms of resources that support the sustainability of economic development of countries. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting agricultural growth with annual data of 27 European Union (EU) countries covering the period 2000-2024. STATA was used to analyze the independent variables affecting agricultural growth in EU countries (gross fixed capital formation, agricultural raw material exports, agricultural raw material imports, agricultural employment, urban population growth, and inflation). Panel data analysis was used as the method. The analysis showed that agricultural growth, inflation, urban population growth, agricultural employment, and the year-ago value of the agricultural growth variables were significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, the agricultural raw material import variable was significant at the 5% level. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between agricultural growth rate and agricultural raw material exports, agricultural employment, inflation, and gross fixed capital formation. However, there was a negative relationship between agricultural raw material imports and urban population growth. In this context, it has been concluded that agriculture in EU countries should be regarded not only in terms of food supply but also as a component of economic stability.

Keywords

• Economic Growth
• European Union
• Panel Data Analysis

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