Is L1 Transfer Operative at the Syntax-Discourse Interface? The Acquisition of Null and Overt Subjects in L2 Turkish

Year 2022, , 748 - 766, 30.12.2022

Oktay Çınar

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1061445

Abstract

Recent studies on L2 acquisition focus on how interface-related properties are acquired at the end state grammars. Proposed as part of this theme, the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace & Filiaci, 2006; Sorace, 2011) claims that the syntax-discourse interface is particularly challenging to acquire, irrespective of the L1 and L2 of the speakers. On the other hand, the Full Transfer / Full Access Hypothesis (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1996) predicts that L2 acquisition is L1-constrained and UG is directly accessed. This study tests these assumptions on the acquisition of null and overt subjects in L2 Turkish to understand whether L1 transfer operates in the domain that needs the mapping of syntax on the discursive knowledge. This was tested in a study on advanced Korean and Japanese L2 Turkish speakers (n=27) by employing contextualized grammaticality judgment task (CGJT). In this task, participants were asked to judge whether the contextualized sentences they read were pragmatically odd or not (for each condition n=4). The discursive constraints (topic continuity and topic shift) on the use of null and overt subjects were not violated in the first two conditions. However, the latter two conditions violated the discursive constraints, rendering unacceptable null and overt subject constructions. The results of the CGJT revealed that the L2 participants were insensitive to the discourse of null and overt subject distribution. Since the very same constraints that regulate the null and overt subject distribution hold both in the L1 and L2 of the speakers, this finding suggests that L1 transfer is not operative at the syntax-discourse interface, which is in line with the claim that the properties at this interface cannot be fully acquired as postulated by the Interface Hypothesis.

Keywords

Null and overt subjects, discursive constraints, L1 transfer, L2 Turkish, Korean and Japanese speakers, Interface Hypothesis

D1 Aktarımı Sözdizim-Söylem Ara Kesitinde İşlemsel Mi? Boş ve Dolu Öznelerin D2 Türkçede Edinimi

Abstract

Son yıllarda D2 edinimi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, son aşamadaki dilbilgisinde arakesitle ilgili özelliklerin nasıl edinildiğine odaklanmaktadır. Bu temanın bir parçası olarak ortaya atılan Arakesit Varsayımı (Sorace & Filiaci, 2006; Sorace, 2011) D1 ve D2’lere bakmaksızın, sözdizim-söylem arakesitinin edinilmesinin özellikle zor olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Diğer taraftan, Tam Aktarım / Tam Erişim Varsayımı (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1996) ise D2 ediniminin D1 tarafından sınırlandırıldığını ve ED’nin doğrudan erişilebileceğini tahmin etmektedir. Bu çalışma, sözdizimin söylemsel bilgiyle eşlendiği bir alanda D1 aktarımının işlemsel olup olmadığını anlamak için, bu varsayımları D2 Türkçedeki boş ve dolu öznelerin edinimi üzerinden test etmektedir. Bu da, bağlamsal dilbilgisellik yargı testi kullanılarak, ileri düzeyde Türkçe edinen ana dili Korece ve Japonca konuşurlar (n=27) üzerine yapılan bir çalışmayla test edilmiştir. Bu testte, katılımcılardan okumuş oldukları bağlamlı tümcelerin söylemsel açıdan uygun olup olmadığına karar vermeleri istenmiştir (her bir koşul için n=4). İlk iki koşulda boş ve dolu özne kullanımına yönelik söylemsel sınırlılıklar (konu devamı ve konu değişimi) ihlal edilmemişken, söylemsel açıdan uygun olmayan boş ve dolu özne yapıları yaratan son iki koşul ise bu sınırlılıkları ihlal etmiştir. Testin sonuçları D2 konuşurlarının boş ve dolu özne dağılımının söylemsel özelliklerini edinemediklerini ortaya koymuştur. Boş ve dolu özne dağılımını yöneten aynı sınırlılıklar hem D1 hem de D2’de bulunduğu için, bu bulgu sözdizim-söylem arakesitinde D1 aktarımının işlemsel olmadığını ileri sürmektedir; bu da bu Arkesit Varsayımın ileri sürdüğü gibi arakesitteki özelliklerin edinilemeyeceği iddiasıyla örtüşmektedir.

Keywords

Boş ve dolu özneler, söylemsel sınırlılıklar, D1 aktarımı, D2 Türkçe, Korece ve Japonca konuşurları, Arakesit Varsayımı

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