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Amerikan Yaban Hayatındaki Eko-Göçebeler: Christopher McCandless ve Everett Ruess’in Oto/Bioyografilerinin Bir Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 332 - 348, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1421125

Abstract

Everett Ruess ve Christopher McCandless Amerika’da yaban hayatında maceralara atılan iki genç yaban hayatı gezginidir. Farklı dönemlerde yaşamalarına rağmen, geleneksel ve toplumsal olarak kabul görmüş yaşam tarzını geride bırakarak, doğaya duydukları sevgiden beslenen bir istekle vahşi doğada yolculuğa çıkmışlardır. Uygar dünyayla olan son bağlantılarını da yavaş yavaş kopararak, Amerika’nın vahşi doğasında özgürce dolaşan ve Fransız düşünürler Deleuze ve Guattari tarafından tanımlanmış yersiz-yurtsuz göçebelere dönüşmüşlerdir. Bu yolculukları ve toplum dışına çıkışları hem otorite karşıtı bir tavırken hem de doğada kendini keşfetme süreçleri olarak değerlendirilebilir. Ruess ve McCandless doğayı evcilleştirilecek ve hükmedilecek bir yer olarak değil, var olunacak ve ekolojik bilince sahip göçebelere, ya da kısaca eko-göçebelere, dönüşülecek bir yer olarak görmüşlerdir. Bu makale, McCandless ve Ruess’i eko-göçebeler olarak değerlendirir ve inceler. Bu iki gezgin üzerine yazılan oto/biyografik eserlerde görüldüğü üzere eko-göçebelerin, derin ve güçlü yaban hayatı ve doğa sevgisi çevreyle ilgili sorunlarla uğraşılan günümüz dünyasında, onu korumak adına örnek teşkil edecek yaşam hikâyeleri sunmaktadır.

References

  • Abbey, E. (1994). Confessions of a barbarian: Selection from the journals of Edward Abbey, 1951-1989. Johnson Books.
  • Arnold, E. (2017). Into the wild: Chris’s journey. Medium. https://medium.com/classics-of-american-literature/into-the-wild-chriss-journey-fb776872e90a
  • Ballantyne, A. (2007). Deleuze and Guattari for architects. Routledge.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1972/1983). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (R. Hurley, M. Seem, & H. R. Lane, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1980/1987). A thousand plateaus (B. Massumi, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F (1986). Nomadology: The war machine (B. Massumi, Trans.). Semiotext(e).
  • Fradkin, P. L. (2011). Everett Ruess: His short life, mysterious death, and astonishing afterlife. University of California Press.
  • Kaya, R. (2014). Post-anarşizmin sırt çantasındaki Deleuze. A. M. Aytaç & M. Demirtaş (Eds.), Göçebe düşünmek (pp. 256- 287). Metis Yayınları.
  • Krakauer, J. (2007). Into the wild. Pan Macmillan.
  • McCandless, C. (1992) Photograph of Chris McCandless. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/18/alaska-into-the-wild-chris-mccandless-bus-mystic-hiker
  • Newman, S. (2007). From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-authoritarianism and the dislocation of power. Lexington Books.
  • Reuters. (2020). ‘Into the Wild’ bus removed from Alaska trail [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/v_YwbypR9gM?si=hsGsLlvlaBg9P2Ex
  • Rusho, W. L. (1983). Everett Ruess: A vagabond for beauty. Gibbs Smith.
  • Rusho, W. L. (2010). The mystery of Everett Ruess. Gibbs Smith.
  • Roberts, D. (2011). Finding Everett Ruess: The life and unsolved disappearance of a legendary wilderness explorer. Broadway Books.
  • Power, M. (2019). The cult of Chris McCandless. Men’s Journal. https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/the-cult-of-chris-mccandless-20121015
  • Schmitt, C. R. (2013). 20 years later: thoughts on the folk appeal of Christopher McCandless. New Directions in Folklore. 11(1), 35-56.
  • Thoreau, H. D. (1862). Walking. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1862/06/walking/304674/
  • Tripline. Chris McCandless - Into the wild, the story of Christopher Johnson McCandless and his adventures - June 1990 to August 1992. By 18wolfb. Tripline. https://www.tripline.net/trip/Chris_McCandless_-_Into_The_Wild-17200000370610078BEEE29FA7AD6A1A

Eco-Nomads of American Wilderness: An Analysis of the Auto/Biographies of Christopher McCandless and Everett Ruess

Year 2024, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 332 - 348, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1421125

Abstract

Everett Ruess and Christopher McCandless were two young wanderers setting on adventures in the American wilderness. Despite living in different decades, they showed a similar disdain for society and left behind their traditional and socially accepted lifestyles and journeyed into the wilderness with a drive fueled by their love for nature. Gradually cutting their ties to the civilized world, they turned into deterritorialized nomads, as defined by the French thinkers Deleuze and Guattari, wandering freely in the American wilderness. These journeys and their departure from society can be seen as both an anti-authoritarian attitude and a process of self-discovery in nature. Ruess and McCandless did not see nature as a place to be domesticated and dominated, but as a place to exist and become ecologically conscious nomads or, in short, eco-nomads. This article examines McCandless and Ruess as eco-nomads. The auto/biographical works written about these two explorers offer exemplary life stories to protect the environment in today’s world of environmental challenges.

Ethical Statement

The author declares no need for ethics board approval for the research.

References

  • Abbey, E. (1994). Confessions of a barbarian: Selection from the journals of Edward Abbey, 1951-1989. Johnson Books.
  • Arnold, E. (2017). Into the wild: Chris’s journey. Medium. https://medium.com/classics-of-american-literature/into-the-wild-chriss-journey-fb776872e90a
  • Ballantyne, A. (2007). Deleuze and Guattari for architects. Routledge.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1972/1983). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (R. Hurley, M. Seem, & H. R. Lane, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1980/1987). A thousand plateaus (B. Massumi, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F (1986). Nomadology: The war machine (B. Massumi, Trans.). Semiotext(e).
  • Fradkin, P. L. (2011). Everett Ruess: His short life, mysterious death, and astonishing afterlife. University of California Press.
  • Kaya, R. (2014). Post-anarşizmin sırt çantasındaki Deleuze. A. M. Aytaç & M. Demirtaş (Eds.), Göçebe düşünmek (pp. 256- 287). Metis Yayınları.
  • Krakauer, J. (2007). Into the wild. Pan Macmillan.
  • McCandless, C. (1992) Photograph of Chris McCandless. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/18/alaska-into-the-wild-chris-mccandless-bus-mystic-hiker
  • Newman, S. (2007). From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-authoritarianism and the dislocation of power. Lexington Books.
  • Reuters. (2020). ‘Into the Wild’ bus removed from Alaska trail [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/v_YwbypR9gM?si=hsGsLlvlaBg9P2Ex
  • Rusho, W. L. (1983). Everett Ruess: A vagabond for beauty. Gibbs Smith.
  • Rusho, W. L. (2010). The mystery of Everett Ruess. Gibbs Smith.
  • Roberts, D. (2011). Finding Everett Ruess: The life and unsolved disappearance of a legendary wilderness explorer. Broadway Books.
  • Power, M. (2019). The cult of Chris McCandless. Men’s Journal. https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/the-cult-of-chris-mccandless-20121015
  • Schmitt, C. R. (2013). 20 years later: thoughts on the folk appeal of Christopher McCandless. New Directions in Folklore. 11(1), 35-56.
  • Thoreau, H. D. (1862). Walking. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1862/06/walking/304674/
  • Tripline. Chris McCandless - Into the wild, the story of Christopher Johnson McCandless and his adventures - June 1990 to August 1992. By 18wolfb. Tripline. https://www.tripline.net/trip/Chris_McCandless_-_Into_The_Wild-17200000370610078BEEE29FA7AD6A1A
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects North American Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülşen Aslan Uslu 0000-0001-7781-5943

Early Pub Date May 13, 2024
Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date January 17, 2024
Acceptance Date January 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 41 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aslan Uslu, G. (2024). Eco-Nomads of American Wilderness: An Analysis of the Auto/Biographies of Christopher McCandless and Everett Ruess. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 332-348. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1421125


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