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Günden Kalanlar Arasından Bilinci Kurtarmak: Sartrecı Bir Analiz

Year 2024, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 733 - 741, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1509645

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Sartre’ın varoluşçu düşünce ekolündeki temel kavramlarını irdelemeyi ve bu kavramların günümüz İngiliz romanlarından Kazuo Ishiguro'nun Günden Kalanlar romanındaki karşılığının izini sürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Romanın kahramanı, toplumsal konum ve bireysel özerklik arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiye içkin modern dinamiklerin izini süren bir birey olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bu analiz, felsefe ve edebiyat disiplinleri arasındaki kesişim noktasının altını çizmeyi amaçlamakta ve özellikle Stevens’ın serüveni aracılığıyla, bireyin özgürlük ve sorumlulukla mücadelesinin modern çağda simgeleşen disiplinler arası bir okumasını sunmaktadır. Görevine, profesyonelliğe ve saygınlık kavramının albenisine sarsılmaz bir bağlılık duyan sadık uşak Stevens’ın varoluşsal yolculuğu, özünde kendini kandırdığı ve gerçek benliğini bastırdığı hayatının keşfini izler. Romanın adı da Stevens’ın parçalanmaya yüz tutmuş benlik duygusuyla mücadelesini ve toplumsal normlara uymak için vazgeçtiği hayatının yıkıntılarını yansıtmaktadır. Sartrecı varoluşçuluk, gerçek duyguların bastırılmasını ve ardından gelen bu boşluk hissini açık etmektedir. Rolüyle derinlemesine özdeşleşmiş bir adam olarak Stevens, Sartrecı terimlerle hayatın olgusallığına karşı, insanoğlunun kuzey kutbu olan kendini gerçekleştirme ve keşfetme süreci için biçilmiş kaftandır. “Kendini aldatma”, “düşünüm-öncesi bilinç”, “düşünümsel bilinç”, “kendinde-varlık” ve “kendi-için-varlık” ile “başkası-için-varlık” kavramları, analiz edilen uyanışın ve modern çağın bireyi prangalayan zincirlerinden kurtulmanın, bilincin keşfinin ve bunun sonucunda Stevens’ın günün kalıntılarının yeniden kazanmasının detaylı bir şekilde takibi için kullanılacaktır.

References

  • Atkinson, R. (1995). How the Butler was made to do it: The perverted professionalism of ‘The remains of the day’. The Yale Law Journal, 105(1), 180. https://doi.org/10.2307/797142
  • Crowell, S. (2012). Sartre’s existentialism and the nature of consciousness. In S. Crowell (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to existentialism (pp. 199-226). Cambridge University Press.
  • Dolezal, L. (2012). Reconsidering the look in Sartre’s ‘Being and Nothingness.’ Sartre Studies International, 18(1), 9. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42705181
  • Ekelund, B. G. (2005). Misrecognizing history: Complicitous genres in Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The remains of the day’. International Fiction Review, 32(1), 6. https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/view/7801
  • Gehlawat, M. (2013). Myth and mimetic failure in ‘The remains of the day.’ Contemporary Literature, 54(3), 517. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43297920
  • Haddour, A. (2011). Being colonized. In J. Webber (Ed.), Reading Sartre: On Phenomenology and Existentialism, 73. Routledge.
  • Ishiguro, K. (1999). The remains of the day. Faber Library.
  • Kauffmann, W. (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. New American Library.
  • Fluet, L. (2007). Immaterial labors: Ishiguro, class, and affect. NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction, 40(3), 266-267. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40267703
  • Murdoch, I. (1999). Sartre: Romantic rationalist. Vintage Books.
  • Nietzsche, F. (2006). Thus spake Zarathustra (T. Common, Trans.). The Modern Library.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1957). Being and nothingness: An essay in phenomenological ontology. Methuen Publishing.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (2007). Existentialism is a humanism (J. Kulka, Ed.). Yale University Press.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1944). No exit and three other plays. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/olli/class-materials/Jean-Paul_Sartre.pdf
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1991). The transcendence of the ego: An existentialist theory of consciousness (F. Williams & R. Kirkpatrick, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  • Shaffer, B. W. (1998). Understanding Kazuo Ishiguro. University of South Carolina Press.
  • Scherzinger, K. (2004). The Butler in (the) passage: The liminal narrative of Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The remains of the day’. Literator 25, 2. https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i1.243
  • Shusterman, R. (2010). Philosophy as literature and more than literature. In G. L. Hagberg & W. Jost (Eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Literature (pp. 9). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Stocker, B. (2018). Philosophy of the novel. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Süt Güngör, P. (2023). Stevens’ catharsis in ‘The remains of the day’ by Kazuo Ishiguro. İçtimaiyat Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1212694
  • Terestchenko, M. (2007). Servility and destructiveness in Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The remains of the day.’ Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas, 5(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.0.0007
  • Webber, J. (2018). Rethinking existentialism. Oxford University Press.

Salvaging Consciousness from the Remains of the Day: A Sartrean Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 733 - 741, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1509645

Abstract

The article attempts to delve into Sartre’s main concepts in existential school of thought and trace their relevance in British modern-day fiction, particularly, Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. The novel’s protagonist stands as the individual whose tracing of the modern dynamics is inherent in the interplay of social position and individual autonomy. The analysis seeks to underline the junction between disciplines of philosophy and literature, and notably, through Steven’s journey, to offer an interdisciplinary reading of the individual’s strife with freedom and responsibility that is emblematic of the contemporary age. The existential journey of Stevens, a devoted butler whose unshakable commitment to duty, professionalism, and the allure of the concept of dignity leads him to the exploration of self-deceit and repression of his authentic self. The title of the novel, too, captures Stevens’ struggle with his shattered sense of self and the ruins of a life given up to conform to social norms. Sartrean existentialism reveals this repression of genuine feelings and subsequent experience of emptiness. As a man deeply identified with his role, Stevens is tailor-made for this attainment and exploration of self-realization, humankind’s north pole of authenticity, as Sartrean terms, against life’s facticity. The concepts of “bad faith”, “reflective awareness”, “pre-reflective awareness”, “being-in-itself” and “being-for-itself” as well as “being-for-others” will be utilized to further trace this awakening from the clutches, and modern-day chains shackled on individual life, the exploration of the conscious self and Stevens’ consequential reclamation of the remains of the day.

References

  • Atkinson, R. (1995). How the Butler was made to do it: The perverted professionalism of ‘The remains of the day’. The Yale Law Journal, 105(1), 180. https://doi.org/10.2307/797142
  • Crowell, S. (2012). Sartre’s existentialism and the nature of consciousness. In S. Crowell (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to existentialism (pp. 199-226). Cambridge University Press.
  • Dolezal, L. (2012). Reconsidering the look in Sartre’s ‘Being and Nothingness.’ Sartre Studies International, 18(1), 9. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42705181
  • Ekelund, B. G. (2005). Misrecognizing history: Complicitous genres in Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The remains of the day’. International Fiction Review, 32(1), 6. https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/view/7801
  • Gehlawat, M. (2013). Myth and mimetic failure in ‘The remains of the day.’ Contemporary Literature, 54(3), 517. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43297920
  • Haddour, A. (2011). Being colonized. In J. Webber (Ed.), Reading Sartre: On Phenomenology and Existentialism, 73. Routledge.
  • Ishiguro, K. (1999). The remains of the day. Faber Library.
  • Kauffmann, W. (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. New American Library.
  • Fluet, L. (2007). Immaterial labors: Ishiguro, class, and affect. NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction, 40(3), 266-267. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40267703
  • Murdoch, I. (1999). Sartre: Romantic rationalist. Vintage Books.
  • Nietzsche, F. (2006). Thus spake Zarathustra (T. Common, Trans.). The Modern Library.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1957). Being and nothingness: An essay in phenomenological ontology. Methuen Publishing.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (2007). Existentialism is a humanism (J. Kulka, Ed.). Yale University Press.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1944). No exit and three other plays. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/olli/class-materials/Jean-Paul_Sartre.pdf
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1991). The transcendence of the ego: An existentialist theory of consciousness (F. Williams & R. Kirkpatrick, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  • Shaffer, B. W. (1998). Understanding Kazuo Ishiguro. University of South Carolina Press.
  • Scherzinger, K. (2004). The Butler in (the) passage: The liminal narrative of Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The remains of the day’. Literator 25, 2. https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i1.243
  • Shusterman, R. (2010). Philosophy as literature and more than literature. In G. L. Hagberg & W. Jost (Eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Literature (pp. 9). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Stocker, B. (2018). Philosophy of the novel. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Süt Güngör, P. (2023). Stevens’ catharsis in ‘The remains of the day’ by Kazuo Ishiguro. İçtimaiyat Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1212694
  • Terestchenko, M. (2007). Servility and destructiveness in Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The remains of the day.’ Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas, 5(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.0.0007
  • Webber, J. (2018). Rethinking existentialism. Oxford University Press.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aleyna Durmuş 0000-0001-6750-4244

Early Pub Date December 25, 2024
Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date July 3, 2024
Acceptance Date October 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Durmuş, A. (2024). Salvaging Consciousness from the Remains of the Day: A Sartrean Analysis. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(2), 733-741. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1509645


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