Research Article
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Year 2026, Volume: 55 Issue: 1 , 176 - 184 , 23.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.15672/hujms.1663042
https://izlik.org/JA45CC85NG

Abstract

References

  • [1] M. Bilgin and S. Ersoy. Algebraic properties of bihyperbolic numbers. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr. 30, 2020.
  • [2] F. Catoni, D. Boccaletti, R. Cannata, V. Catoni, E. Nichelatti and P. Zampatti. The Mathematics of Minkowski Space-Time: With an Introduction to Commutative Hypercomplex Numbers. Springer Science & Business Media 2008.
  • [3] A. Costa, P.M.M.C. Catarino, F.S. Monteiro, V.M.A. Souza and D.C. Santos. Tricomplex Fibonacci numbers: A new family of Fibonacci-type sequences. Mathematics 12 23, 3723, 2024.
  • [4] H. Gargoubi and S. Kossentini. Bicomplex numbers as a normal complexified falgebra. Commun. Math. 30, 2022.
  • [5] I.L. Kantor and A.S. Solodovnikov. Hypercomplex Numbers. Springer-Verlag 1989.
  • [6] S. Kossentini. Hypercomplex representation of finite-dimensional unital archimedean f-algebras. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr. 34 (43), 2024.
  • [7] M.E. Luna-Elizarrarás, M. Shapiro, D.C. Struppa and A. Vajiac. Bicomplex numbers and their elementary functions. Cubo Math. J. 14 2, 6180, 2012.
  • [8] M.E. Luna-Elizarrarás, M. Shapiro, D.C. Struppa and A. Vajiac. Bicomplex Holomorphic Functions: The Algebra, Geometry, and Analysis of Bicomplex Numbers, Birkhäuser 2015.
  • [9] S. Olariu. Complex Numbers in n Dimensions. North-Holland Math. Stud. 290 2002.
  • [10] P.O. Parisé and D. Rochon. A study of dynamics of the tricomplex polynomial $n^{p}+c$. Nonlinear Dyn. 82, 157171. 2015.
  • [11] P.O. Parisé and D. Rochon. Tricomplex dynamical systems generated by polynomials of odd degree. Fractals 25 (3), 1750026, 2017.
  • [12] A.A. Pogorui and R.M. Rodríguez-Dagnino. On the set of zeros of bicomplex polynomials. Complex Var. Elliptic Equ. 51 (7), 725730, 2006.
  • [13] G.B. Price. An Introduction to Multicomplex Spaces and Functions, CRC Press 2018.
  • [14] D. Rochon and M. Shapiro. On algebraic properties of bicomplex and hyperbolic numbers. An. Univ. Oradea 11 (71), 110, 2004.
  • [15] C. Segre. The real representation of complex elements and hyperalgebraic entities. Math. Ann. 40, 413467, 1892.

A study on tricomplex polynomials

Year 2026, Volume: 55 Issue: 1 , 176 - 184 , 23.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.15672/hujms.1663042
https://izlik.org/JA45CC85NG

Abstract

Tricomplex numbers are a generalization of bicomplex numbers. In this paper we detail a technic for finding the roots of tricomplex polynomials. We then generalize the process to multicomplex polynomials. We first consider the set of tricomplex numbers as a Bicomplex Module, then we view it as a $\mathbb{C}$-algebra and we reduce the working method to complex polynomials. We give an example to illustrate the different situations. We then calculate the set of all tricomplex $n^{th}$ roots of unity. Finally, for a multicomplex polynomial, we explain a reduction process ending to search roots in the complex field. Combining these gives the roots for multicomplex polynomials.

References

  • [1] M. Bilgin and S. Ersoy. Algebraic properties of bihyperbolic numbers. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr. 30, 2020.
  • [2] F. Catoni, D. Boccaletti, R. Cannata, V. Catoni, E. Nichelatti and P. Zampatti. The Mathematics of Minkowski Space-Time: With an Introduction to Commutative Hypercomplex Numbers. Springer Science & Business Media 2008.
  • [3] A. Costa, P.M.M.C. Catarino, F.S. Monteiro, V.M.A. Souza and D.C. Santos. Tricomplex Fibonacci numbers: A new family of Fibonacci-type sequences. Mathematics 12 23, 3723, 2024.
  • [4] H. Gargoubi and S. Kossentini. Bicomplex numbers as a normal complexified falgebra. Commun. Math. 30, 2022.
  • [5] I.L. Kantor and A.S. Solodovnikov. Hypercomplex Numbers. Springer-Verlag 1989.
  • [6] S. Kossentini. Hypercomplex representation of finite-dimensional unital archimedean f-algebras. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr. 34 (43), 2024.
  • [7] M.E. Luna-Elizarrarás, M. Shapiro, D.C. Struppa and A. Vajiac. Bicomplex numbers and their elementary functions. Cubo Math. J. 14 2, 6180, 2012.
  • [8] M.E. Luna-Elizarrarás, M. Shapiro, D.C. Struppa and A. Vajiac. Bicomplex Holomorphic Functions: The Algebra, Geometry, and Analysis of Bicomplex Numbers, Birkhäuser 2015.
  • [9] S. Olariu. Complex Numbers in n Dimensions. North-Holland Math. Stud. 290 2002.
  • [10] P.O. Parisé and D. Rochon. A study of dynamics of the tricomplex polynomial $n^{p}+c$. Nonlinear Dyn. 82, 157171. 2015.
  • [11] P.O. Parisé and D. Rochon. Tricomplex dynamical systems generated by polynomials of odd degree. Fractals 25 (3), 1750026, 2017.
  • [12] A.A. Pogorui and R.M. Rodríguez-Dagnino. On the set of zeros of bicomplex polynomials. Complex Var. Elliptic Equ. 51 (7), 725730, 2006.
  • [13] G.B. Price. An Introduction to Multicomplex Spaces and Functions, CRC Press 2018.
  • [14] D. Rochon and M. Shapiro. On algebraic properties of bicomplex and hyperbolic numbers. An. Univ. Oradea 11 (71), 110, 2004.
  • [15] C. Segre. The real representation of complex elements and hyperalgebraic entities. Math. Ann. 40, 413467, 1892.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Algebra and Number Theory, Combinatorics and Discrete Mathematics (Excl. Physical Combinatorics)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Djaouida Achour 0009-0007-9217-0195

Hacène Belbachir 0000-0001-8540-3033

Abdelkader Bouyakoub 0009-0005-8035-9711

Submission Date March 22, 2025
Acceptance Date July 21, 2025
Early Pub Date October 6, 2025
Publication Date February 23, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.15672/hujms.1663042
IZ https://izlik.org/JA45CC85NG
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 55 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Achour, D., Belbachir, H., & Bouyakoub, A. (2026). A study on tricomplex polynomials. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 55(1), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.15672/hujms.1663042
AMA 1.Achour D, Belbachir H, Bouyakoub A. A study on tricomplex polynomials. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 2026;55(1):176-184. doi:10.15672/hujms.1663042
Chicago Achour, Djaouida, Hacène Belbachir, and Abdelkader Bouyakoub. 2026. “A Study on Tricomplex Polynomials”. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 55 (1): 176-84. https://doi.org/10.15672/hujms.1663042.
EndNote Achour D, Belbachir H, Bouyakoub A (February 1, 2026) A study on tricomplex polynomials. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 55 1 176–184.
IEEE [1]D. Achour, H. Belbachir, and A. Bouyakoub, “A study on tricomplex polynomials”, Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 176–184, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.15672/hujms.1663042.
ISNAD Achour, Djaouida - Belbachir, Hacène - Bouyakoub, Abdelkader. “A Study on Tricomplex Polynomials”. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 55/1 (February 1, 2026): 176-184. https://doi.org/10.15672/hujms.1663042.
JAMA 1.Achour D, Belbachir H, Bouyakoub A. A study on tricomplex polynomials. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 2026;55:176–184.
MLA Achour, Djaouida, et al. “A Study on Tricomplex Polynomials”. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 55, no. 1, Feb. 2026, pp. 176-84, doi:10.15672/hujms.1663042.
Vancouver 1.Djaouida Achour, Hacène Belbachir, Abdelkader Bouyakoub. A study on tricomplex polynomials. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 2026 Feb. 1;55(1):176-84. doi:10.15672/hujms.1663042