Karite Ürünlerinin Besinsel Faydaları ve Karite Yağının Tıbbi Özellikleri

Esra Karaca; Sevda Güzel Kara

doi:10.52794/hujpharm.1328634

Review

Nutritional Benefits of Shea Products and Medicinal Properties of Shea Butter

Year 2024, , 46 - 61, 01.03.2024

Esra Karaca Sevda Güzel Kara

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1328634

Abstract

The shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa (Syn. Butyrospermum paradoxum, B.paradoxa, B.parkii) (Sapotaceae), grows naturally in the dry savanna belt of West Africa. Two subspecies of the plant has been identified namely V. paradoxa subsp. paradoxa and V. paradoxa subsp. nilotica. The tree is known by different names in different countries. The importance of the shea tree was recognized centuries ago through the fruit, its kernels, and butter. Today, the shea tree has great economic potential. Traditionally, various usage of the different parts of the plant have been recorded. Shea butter is used in the food preparation, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. It has been shown in various studies that the shea butter and its isolated compounds have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diarrheic, anti-arthritic, antitumor, UV-protective, emollient, moisturizing, anti-aging, and protease inhibition effects. The effects of the shea butter on cholesterol and protein metabolism have also been reported. Due to high percentage of unsaponifiable compounds the shea butter is highly demanded in the international cosmetic industry. In the current study; actual information about the distribution of the shea tree; traditional uses; chemical contents and nutritional benefits of fruit, kernel and butter; and medicinal properties and usage areas of the shea butter has been compiled.

Keywords

Vitellaria paradoxa, shea butter, natural cosmetic, chemical composition, edible oil

Project Number

References

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Karite Ürünlerinin Besinsel Faydaları ve Karite Yağının Tıbbi Özellikleri

Year 2024, , 46 - 61, 01.03.2024

Esra Karaca Sevda Güzel Kara

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1328634

Abstract

Karite veya Shea ağacı, Vitellaria paradoxa (Syn: Butyrospermum paradoxum, B. paradoxa, B. parkii) (Sapotaceae), Batı Afrika’nın kuru savan kuşağında doğal olarak yetişir. V. paradoxa subsp. paradoxa ve V. paradoxa subsp. nilotica olmak üzere iki alt türü tanımlanmıştır. Ağaç farklı ülkelerde farklı isimlerle bilinir. Karite ağacının önemi yüzyıllar önce meyvesi, çekirdekleri ve yağı aracılığıyla anlaşılmıştır. Günümüzde ise karite ağacı büyük bir ekonomik potansiyele sahiptir. Geleneksel olarak bitkinin farklı kısımlarının çok çeşitli kullanımları kayıtlıdır. Yağ; gıda hazırlama, ilaç ve kozmetik endüstrisinde kullanılır. Yağın ve yağdan izole edilen bileşiklerin anti-inflamatuvar, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, anti-diyareyik, anti-artritik, antitümör, UV-koruyucu, emoliyan, nemlendirici, yaşlanma karşıtı ve proteaz inhibisyon etkilerinin olduğu çeşitli araştırmalarda gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca yağın kolesterol ve protein metabolizması üzerine etkisi bildirilmiştir. Yağ sabunlaşmayan maddelerin yüksek yüzdesi nedeniyle uluslararası kozmetik endüstrisinde oldukça talep görmektedir. Bu çalışmada; karite ağacının yayılışı, geleneksel kullanımı, ağaçtan elde edile meyve, çekirdek ve yağın kimyasal içerikleri; besinsel faydaları ve yağın tıbbi özellikleri ve kullanım alanları ile ilgili güncel bilgiler derlenmiştir.

Keywords

Vitellaria paradoxa, karite yağı, doğal kozmetik, kimyasal içerik, yemeklik yağ

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

1. Segman O, Wiesman Z, Yarmolinsky L. Methods and Technologies Related to Shea Butter Chemophysical Properties and to the Delivery of Bioactives in Chocolate and Related Products. In: Garti N, Widlak NR, editors. Cocoa Butter and Related Compounds. USA: AOCS Press; 2012. p. 417-24.
2. Honfo FG, Akissoe N, Linnemann AR, Soumanou M, Boekel MAJSV. Nutritional composition of shea products and chemical properties of Shea butter: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(5):673-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.604142
3. Israel MO. Effects of topical and dietary use of shea butter on animals. Am J Life Sci. 2014;2(5):303-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.18
4. Maanikuu PMI, Peker K. Medicinal and nutritional benefits from the shea tree- (Vitellaria paradoxa). Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 2017;7(22):51-6.
5. Nwankwo CC, Daodu Bamidele T. Antimicrobial and antihelmentic properties of shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa). Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2021;27(3):263-8. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.1
6. Elsewedy HS, Shehata TM, Soliman WE. Shea butter potentiates the anti-bacterial activity of fusidic acid incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticle. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(12):2436-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14122436
7. Lovett PN. Specialty Oils and Fats in Food and Nutrition Properties, Processing and Applications. In: Talbot G, editor. Shea butter: Properties and Processing for Use in Food. UK: WP Publishing; 2015. p 125-3.
8. Choungo Nguekeng PB, Hendre P, Tchoundjeu Z, Kalousová M, Tchanou Tchapda AV, Kyereh D, et al. The current state of knowledge of shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertner.) for nutritional value and tree improvement in west and central Africa. Forests. 2021;12(12):1740-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121740
9. Chawla KK, Bencharitiwong R, Ayuso R, Grishina G, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Shea butter contains no IgE-binding soluble proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):680-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.022
10. Olasunkanmi OO, Akinpelu DA, Adeniyi PO, Ajayi OF, Omololu-Aso J, Olorunmola FO. Investigations into antibacterial, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn.) stem bark extracts. J Pharm Res Int. 2017;20(5):1- 17. https://doi.org/10.9734/JPRI/2017/38749
11. Zhang J, Li D, Lv Q, Ye F, Jing X, Masters ET, et al. Compositions and melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of the extracts of defatted shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) kernels from seven African countries. J Food Compos Anal. 2018;70:89-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2018.04.010
12. Moharram H, Ray J, Ozbas S, Juliani H, Simon J. Shea Butter. Chemistry, Quality, and New Market Potentials. In: Wang M, Ho C, Hwang LS, Sang S, editor. Herbs: Challenges in Chemistry and Biology. Washington: American Chemical Society; 2006. p. 226-14.
13. Nahm HS. Quality Characteristic of West African Shea Butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) and Approaches to Extend Shelf-life. New Jersey: UMI Dissertation Publishing; 2011. p.1-11.
14. Maurice J, Olaleye TF, Joseph PS. Physicochemical analysis and application of shea butter oil (Vitellaria paradoxa): A case study of Funyallang Local production of shea butter oil. IJNRD. 2022;7(6):470-11.
15. Allal F, Piombo G, Kelly BA, Okullo JBL, Thiam M, Diallo OB, et al. Fatty acid and tocopherol patterns of variation within the natural range of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Agrofor Syst. 2013;87:1065-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9621-1
16. Animasaun DA, Oyedeji S, Olorunmaiye KS, Azeez MA, Tijani IA, Morakinyo JA. Morpho-chemical divergence and fatty acid profile of shea tree seeds (Vitellaria paradoxa) collected from different locations in Kwara State, Nigeria. Acta Bot Croat. 2019;78(1):17-7. https://doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2019-0002
17. Maranz S, Wiesman Z, Garti N. Phenolic constituents of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) kernels. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(21):6268-5. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1021/jf034687t
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Botany
Journal Section	Review Articles
Authors	Esra Karaca This is me 0009-0008-5483-2327 Sevda Güzel Kara 0000-0002-6642-5824
Project Number	-
Publication Date	March 1, 2024
Acceptance Date	February 12, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024

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Vancouver	Karaca E, Güzel Kara S. Karite Ürünlerinin Besinsel Faydaları ve Karite Yağının Tıbbi Özellikleri. HUJPHARM. 2024;44(1):46-61.

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