Bir İhtilaf Anlatısı: Orhan Pamuk’un Kar Romanı

Öz

Nobel ödüllü yazar Orhan Pamuk Kar (2002) adlı romanında Ermeni, Rus, Osmanlı gibi farklı medeniyetlerin izlerini barındıran bu nedenle etnik, kültürel ve politik özellikleri açısından çeşitlilik barındıran Kars şehrini modern Türkiye’de geçen anlatısının merkezine koyar. Bölge uzmanlarına göre ismi ‘karsu’dan gelen Kars şehri sınır şehir olması nedeniyle tarihsel olarak kültürel ve politik çeşitliliğe ve aynı zamanda da karmaşaya ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu sebeple, Pamuk’un Kar romanı geç yirminci yüzyıl Türkiye’sinin politik, kültürel ve dinsel meselelerine ve gerilimlerine tanık olarak Kars şehrini mekân olarak kullanırken kökü geçmişe uzanan sosyo-politik meselelere de şahitlik yapar. Yoksulluk, işsizlik ve intihar gibi saikleri sosyopolitik köklerde aranması gereken konulara kurgusunda yer veren bu roman, sekülerizm, milliyetçilik ve İslami diriliş kavramlarını da anlatısının merkezinde tutar. İçeriğinin karmaşık ve ihtilaf yaratabilecek özellikleri nedeniyle bu roman, Orhan Pamuk’un yazar olarak politik tavrını anlamlandırmak açısından eleştirmenler için de tartışmaya açık bir anlatı yaratmıştır. Ancak öyle görünüyor ki Pamuk’un bu romanda tartışma götüren bir konuyu ele almış olması onun yazarlık becerilerinin bağlamından çok politik tavrının incelenmesine daha fazla sebep olmuştur. Bu nedenle, bu makaleyle Pamuk’un Kar romanında belirli bir politik grubun tarafgirliğini yapmaktansa, okuyucuya radikalizmin tehlikelerini ve öteki sorunsalını değerlendirmek için çok sesli bir anlatıyla nasıl bir imkân yarattığını tartışıyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orhan Pamuk,Kar,İhtilaf,Politika,Çok Seslilik,Gerilim

A Narrative of Controversy: Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

Öz

Nobel Prize laureate Orhan Pamuk’s novel Snow (2002), which local scholars argue that it takes its name from ‘karsu’ (snow-water), takes place in Kars^[1], a city located on the north-eastern border of Turkey. As a borderline city, it stands as the nexus of distinguished civilisations, such as that of Armenians, Russians, and Ottomans; and bears the traces of several ethnic, cultural, and political characteristics of diverse identities. Snow represents modernist Turkey’s political, cultural, and religious turmoil experienced in the late twentieth century. The novel depicts the city of Kars as a witness to deep-seated conflicting political views and social values. The concepts of secularism, nationalism, and the Islamic Revival, including experiences of poverty that have been felt, unemployment, and suicide are all inscribed within the plot of this provocative novel. Hence, depicted concepts and felt experiences stir up much controversy among critics who explore Pamuk’s intention to understand the reasons why he might have thematised such problematic issues. However, Pamuk’s elaboration of a political issue in Snow seems to have been misconceived through political standpoints minimizing his artistic ability to solely a political gaze. In this respect, I will explore and discuss Pamuk’s Snow as a polyphonic novel inviting its readers to contemplate both the question of ‘the other’ and the dangers of radicalism rather than as a novel supporting a certain political group.

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[1] Referring to McGaha, Bazarkaya argues that “Kars is a shortened version of the Turkish Kar-su (“Snow Water”). Pamuk originally intended to title his novel Kars but later, concerned that it might be mistaken for a guidebook or a history of the city, changed it to Kar. The later title was more appropriate anyway, because snow is the novel’s central, all-pervasive metaphor” (2015: 50)

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orhan Pamuk,Snow,Controversy,Politics,Polyphony,Tension

Kaynakça

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