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Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale developed by Yu et al. (2024). Unconscious and excessive use of technology may lead to negative psychological, social, and academic outcomes, and the scale was designed to identify whether individuals engage in unhealthy or maladaptive patterns of ChatGPT use. Following the linguistic and conceptual adaptation procedures, the scale was administered to adult participants aged 18–60. A total of 301 adults participated in the study (204 women, 97 men). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale has a single-factor structure consisting of 11 items rated on a five-point Likert format. Factor loadings ranged from 0.52 to 0.87. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the chi-square value was significant (χ² = 2319.736, df = 55, p = .00), and the fit indices were CFI = 0.819, TLI = 0.774, RMSEA = 0.178, and SRMR = 0.107. Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.91. Criterion validity was supported by a significant correlation with the Artificial Intelligence Dependence Scale, indicating conceptual overlap between the two constructs. Overall, the findings show that the Turkish version of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing problematic ChatGPT use among adults.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Yoktur.
Ethical Statement
Çalışma için etik kurul kararı alınmıştır.
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Social and Humanities Education (Excluding Economics, Business and Management)
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
April 30, 2026
Submission Date
July 21, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 11, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 41 Number: 2
APA
Tiring, O., & İslamoğlu, E. (2026). Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(2), 360-370. https://doi.org/10.16986/hunefd.1747472
AMA
1.Tiring O, İslamoğlu E. Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;41(2):360-370. doi:10.16986/hunefd.1747472
Chicago
Tiring, Okan, and Ebrucan İslamoğlu. 2026. “Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 41 (2): 360-70. https://doi.org/10.16986/hunefd.1747472.
EndNote
Tiring O, İslamoğlu E (April 1, 2026) Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 41 2 360–370.
IEEE
[1]O. Tiring and E. İslamoğlu, “Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 360–370, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.16986/hunefd.1747472.
ISNAD
Tiring, Okan - İslamoğlu, Ebrucan. “Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 41/2 (April 1, 2026): 360-370. https://doi.org/10.16986/hunefd.1747472.
JAMA
1.Tiring O, İslamoğlu E. Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;41:360–370.
MLA
Tiring, Okan, and Ebrucan İslamoğlu. “Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 41, no. 2, Apr. 2026, pp. 360-7, doi:10.16986/hunefd.1747472.
Vancouver
1.Okan Tiring, Ebrucan İslamoğlu. Adaptation Study of the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale into Turkish. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;41(2):360-7. doi:10.16986/hunefd.1747472