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Year 2014, Volume: 29 Issue: 29-2, 144 - 159, 23.07.2014

Özgen Korkmaz Ertuğrul Usta İbrahim Kurt

Abstract

Determination of individual' loneliness in virtual environments is an important issue, which has not been studied adequately and in the literature, it was not encountered any scales to measure the individual' loneliness in virtual environments for which validity and reliability have been proven. In this flame the main purpose of this study is to develop a scale in order to individual' loneliness in virtual environments. The sample group is composed of 354 for the first application and 141 individuals for the second. In order to detect the validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, item factor total correlations, corrected correlations and item discriminations were conducted. In order to assess the reliability of the scale, the level of internal consistency and the stability levels were calculated. As a result; Virtual Environment Loneliness Scale (VELS) is a five-point Likert-type scale and includes 20 items that can be gathered under three factors. The analyses provided evidence that the VELS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in order to determination of individual' loneliness in virtual environments.

Keywords

Loneliness Virtual Environment Scale Development

References

  • Alavi, M. (2000). Managing organizational knowledge. R.W. Zmud (Ed.), Framing the Domains of IT Management: Projecting the Future through the Past, Pinnaflex Education Resources, Cincinnati pp. 15–28
  • Balcı, A. (2009). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Ankara: PegemA Pub.
  • Baumeister, R.F., Leary, M.R. (1995).The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117: pp. 497–529
  • Brenner, V. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet use, abuse and addiction: the first 90 days of the Internet Usage Survey. Psychological Reports, 80, pp. 879–882
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: PegemA Pub.
  • Cacioppo, J.T., . Ernst, J.M., Burleson, M.H., McClintock, M.K., Malarkey, W.B., Hawkley, L.C. (2000). Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes: The MacArthur social neuroscience studies. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35: pp. 143–154
  • Chana, W. M., Dicianno B. E. (2011).Virtual socialization in adults with spina bifida. PM&R, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 219–225
  • Chelune, G., Sultan, F., Williams, C. (1980).Loneliness, self-disclosure and interpersonal effectiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, pp. 462–468
  • Chipuer, H.M. (2001). Dyadic attachments and community connectedness: Links with youths' loneliness experiences. Journal of Community Psychology, 29: pp. 429–446
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: Spss ve Lisrel uygulamalar. Ankara: PegemA pub.
  • Davenport, T.H., Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA
  • Denizci, M.(2009). Bilişim toplumu bağlamında internet olgusu ve sosyopsikolojik etkileri, Marmara İletişim Dergisi (15),47-64.
  • DiTommaso, E., & Spinner, B. (1997). Social and emotional loneliness: A re-examination of Weiss’ typology of loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 22(3), 417-427.
  • Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Psychology of learning from instruction (2 nd ed.). Needhain Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Ellis, S. (1995). Origins and elements of virtual environments. W. Barfield, T. Furness (Eds.), Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design. Oxford University Press, New York pp. 14–57
  • Eroğlu, A. (2008). Faktör analizi. In: Kalaycı, Ş. (ed), SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri , Ankara: Asil Pub: 321-331.
  • Friend, M., 8c Bursuck, W. (2002). Including students with special needs (3 rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hamburger-Amichai, Y., Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages 71–80.
  • Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J., & Smaldino, S. (1999). Instructional, media and technologies for learning (6 th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prenticc Hall.
  • Hovardaoğlu, S, (2000). Davranış bilimleri için araştırma teknikleri. Ankara: Ve-Ga Pub.
  • Hwang, G., Wu, P. & Chen, C. (2012). An online game approach for improving students’ learning performance in web-based problem-solving activities. Computers & Education, 59: 1246–1256. doi:1016/j.compedu.2012.05.009.
  • Johnson, C. M. (2001). A survey of current research on online communities of practice. Internet and Higher Education, 4, 45–60.
  • Jonassen, D. H., & Grabowski, B. L. (1993). Handbook of individual differences, learning, and instruction. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Keller, J. M., (2007). Motivation and performance. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Deinpsey (Eds ), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology ( 2nd Ed.) (pp. R2-92). Columbus: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2 nd ed, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Korkmaz, Ö. (2012). A validity and reliability study of the online cooperative learning attitude scale (Oclas). Computers & Education, 59(4):1162-1169. Doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.05.021
  • Kraut, R., M. Patterson, V. Landmark, S. Kiesler, T. Mukophadhyay, W. Scherlis. (1998), Internet paradoxa social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well being? American Psychologist, 53, pp. 1017–1031.
  • Kubey, R.W., Lavin, M.J., Barrows, J.R.(2001). Internet use and collegiate academic performance decrements: Early findings. Journal of Communication, 51 (2) pp. 366–382.
  • Kurt, İ. (2012). Toplumsallaşma Sürecinin ‘Toplumsanallaşma’ Bağlamındaki Yolculuğu. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt VII Sayı: 1.
  • Ma, W.W.K., Yuen, A.H.K. (2011).Understanding online knowledge sharing: an interpersonal relationship perspective. Computers & Education, 56 (1) pp. 210–219.
  • Mangan, K. (2008).Virtual worlds turn therapeutic for autistic disorders. Chronical High Educ, 54 p. 26.
  • Mellora, D., Stokesa, M., Firthb, L., Hayashia, Y., Cumminsaa, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences. 45( 3), Pp. 213–218.
  • Mikropoulos, T. A., Natsis, A. (2011). Educational virtual environments: A ten-year review of empirical research (1999–2009). Computers & Education.56( 3), Pp. 769–780.
  • Morahan-Martin, J. (1999). The relationship between loneliness and Internet use and abuse. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2 pp. 431–440.
  • Morahan-Martin, J., Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, pp. 2–13.
  • Odabaşı, F. H. (2009). 21. yüzyıl öğreneni (Davetli konuşmacı), 25. Yıl Etkinlikleri: AR-GE Konferansı, 14 Mart 2009, Ankara: Özel Arı Okulları.
  • Palfrey, J. ve Gasser, U. (2008). Born digital: Understanding the first generation of digital natives. NY: Basic Books. Parker, J.G., Seal, J. (1996).Forming, losing, renewing, and replacing friendships: Applying temporal parameters to the assessment of children's friendship experiences. Child Development, 67 pp. 2248–2268.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In A. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 1-18). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  • Peplau, L.A., Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. L.A. Peplau, D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, Wiley, New York pp. 1–18.
  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-5.
  • Prensky, M. (2005). Listen to the natives. Learning in the Digital Age, 63(4), 8-13.
  • Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G.A. (2006). A first course structural equation modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocation Inc. Publishers, pp 4.
  • Russell, D. W. (2002). In search of underlying dimensions: The use (and abuse) of factor analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1629–1646.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. & Cutrona, C. E. (1980), The revised UCLA loneliness scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (39), 472-480.
  • Scherer, R.F., Wiebe, F.A., Luther, D. C. & Adams J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: Factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire, Psychological Reports 62(3), 763-770. PubMed PMID: 3406294.
  • Scheumie, M.J., Van der S. P., Krijn, M., Van der M. C. (2001).Research on presence in virtual reality: a survey. Cyberpsychology and Behaviour, 4 (2) pp. 183–201.
  • Schroeder, R. (2007). An overview of ethical and social issues in shared virtual environments. Futures, 39 (6) pp. 704–717.
  • Slavin, R. E., 8c Cheung, A. (2004). How do English language learners learn to read? Educational Leadership, 61(6), 52-5
  • Stoll, C. (1995). Silicon snake oil. Doubleday, New York.
  • Şan, M. K., Hira, İ. (2005). Bilgi Toplumu: Bir Risk Olarak Özel Alanın Kayboluşu. IV. Ulusal Bilgi-Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi , Kocaeli.
  • Tavşancıl E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi , 4 th ed. Ankara: Nobel Pub., 93-124.
  • Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of structural equation modeling. In Grimm, L. G., Yarnold, P. R. (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 261–284). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
  • TUİK (Turkish Statistical Institute). (2007). Hane Halkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı Araştırması. Retrived on 0009 from News Bulletin. http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Turkle, S. (1996). Virtuality and its discontents: searching for community in cyberspace. The American Prospect, 24, pp. 50–57.
  • Wasko, M.M., Faraj, S. (2000). It is what one does: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9 (2–3) pp. 155–173.
  • Winn, W., Windschitl, M. (2000).Learning science in virtual environments: the interplay of theory and experience. Themes in Education, 1 (4) pp. 373–389.
  • Yılmaz, V., & Çelik, E. (2009). Lirsel ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi I. Ankara: PegemA pub, pp 53.
  • Young, K. (1998). Caught in the Net. How to recognize signs of Internet Addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. Wiley, NY.

Sanal Ortam Yalnızlık Ölçeği (SOYÖ) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2014, Volume: 29 Issue: 29-2, 144 - 159, 23.07.2014

Özgen Korkmaz Ertuğrul Usta İbrahim Kurt

Abstract

Bireylerin sanal ortamlarda yalnızlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesinin, alanyazında henüz yeterince tartışılmamış bir konu olduğundan, sanal ortamlarda hissedilen yalnızlık düzeylerini ölçmeye dönük, geçerliği ve güvenirliği ispat edilmiş bir ölçme aracına rastlanamamıştır. Bu çerçevede, bu araştırmanın amacı sanal ortamlarda bireylerin hissettikleri yalnızlık düzeylerini belirlemeye dönük bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu birinci uygulama için 354, ikinci uygulama için ise 141 birey oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin geçerliğini araştırma için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, madde-faktör toplam korelasyonu, düzeltilmiş korelasyonu ve madde ayırt edicilikleri hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini araştırmak için ise ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve kararlılık düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; SOYÖ üç faktör altında toplanabilen, 20 maddeden oluşmuş 5’li Likert tipi bir ölçektir. Analizler ölçeğin, bireylerin sanal ortamlarda yalnızlık düzeylerini ölçmeye dönük geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Yalnızlık Sanal Ortamlar Ölçek Geliştirme

References

  • Alavi, M. (2000). Managing organizational knowledge. R.W. Zmud (Ed.), Framing the Domains of IT Management: Projecting the Future through the Past, Pinnaflex Education Resources, Cincinnati pp. 15–28
  • Balcı, A. (2009). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Ankara: PegemA Pub.
  • Baumeister, R.F., Leary, M.R. (1995).The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117: pp. 497–529
  • Brenner, V. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet use, abuse and addiction: the first 90 days of the Internet Usage Survey. Psychological Reports, 80, pp. 879–882
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: PegemA Pub.
  • Cacioppo, J.T., . Ernst, J.M., Burleson, M.H., McClintock, M.K., Malarkey, W.B., Hawkley, L.C. (2000). Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes: The MacArthur social neuroscience studies. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35: pp. 143–154
  • Chana, W. M., Dicianno B. E. (2011).Virtual socialization in adults with spina bifida. PM&R, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 219–225
  • Chelune, G., Sultan, F., Williams, C. (1980).Loneliness, self-disclosure and interpersonal effectiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, pp. 462–468
  • Chipuer, H.M. (2001). Dyadic attachments and community connectedness: Links with youths' loneliness experiences. Journal of Community Psychology, 29: pp. 429–446
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: Spss ve Lisrel uygulamalar. Ankara: PegemA pub.
  • Davenport, T.H., Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA
  • Denizci, M.(2009). Bilişim toplumu bağlamında internet olgusu ve sosyopsikolojik etkileri, Marmara İletişim Dergisi (15),47-64.
  • DiTommaso, E., & Spinner, B. (1997). Social and emotional loneliness: A re-examination of Weiss’ typology of loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 22(3), 417-427.
  • Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Psychology of learning from instruction (2 nd ed.). Needhain Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Ellis, S. (1995). Origins and elements of virtual environments. W. Barfield, T. Furness (Eds.), Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design. Oxford University Press, New York pp. 14–57
  • Eroğlu, A. (2008). Faktör analizi. In: Kalaycı, Ş. (ed), SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri , Ankara: Asil Pub: 321-331.
  • Friend, M., 8c Bursuck, W. (2002). Including students with special needs (3 rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hamburger-Amichai, Y., Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages 71–80.
  • Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J., & Smaldino, S. (1999). Instructional, media and technologies for learning (6 th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prenticc Hall.
  • Hovardaoğlu, S, (2000). Davranış bilimleri için araştırma teknikleri. Ankara: Ve-Ga Pub.
  • Hwang, G., Wu, P. & Chen, C. (2012). An online game approach for improving students’ learning performance in web-based problem-solving activities. Computers & Education, 59: 1246–1256. doi:1016/j.compedu.2012.05.009.
  • Johnson, C. M. (2001). A survey of current research on online communities of practice. Internet and Higher Education, 4, 45–60.
  • Jonassen, D. H., & Grabowski, B. L. (1993). Handbook of individual differences, learning, and instruction. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Keller, J. M., (2007). Motivation and performance. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Deinpsey (Eds ), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology ( 2nd Ed.) (pp. R2-92). Columbus: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2 nd ed, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Korkmaz, Ö. (2012). A validity and reliability study of the online cooperative learning attitude scale (Oclas). Computers & Education, 59(4):1162-1169. Doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.05.021
  • Kraut, R., M. Patterson, V. Landmark, S. Kiesler, T. Mukophadhyay, W. Scherlis. (1998), Internet paradoxa social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well being? American Psychologist, 53, pp. 1017–1031.
  • Kubey, R.W., Lavin, M.J., Barrows, J.R.(2001). Internet use and collegiate academic performance decrements: Early findings. Journal of Communication, 51 (2) pp. 366–382.
  • Kurt, İ. (2012). Toplumsallaşma Sürecinin ‘Toplumsanallaşma’ Bağlamındaki Yolculuğu. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt VII Sayı: 1.
  • Ma, W.W.K., Yuen, A.H.K. (2011).Understanding online knowledge sharing: an interpersonal relationship perspective. Computers & Education, 56 (1) pp. 210–219.
  • Mangan, K. (2008).Virtual worlds turn therapeutic for autistic disorders. Chronical High Educ, 54 p. 26.
  • Mellora, D., Stokesa, M., Firthb, L., Hayashia, Y., Cumminsaa, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences. 45( 3), Pp. 213–218.
  • Mikropoulos, T. A., Natsis, A. (2011). Educational virtual environments: A ten-year review of empirical research (1999–2009). Computers & Education.56( 3), Pp. 769–780.
  • Morahan-Martin, J. (1999). The relationship between loneliness and Internet use and abuse. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2 pp. 431–440.
  • Morahan-Martin, J., Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, pp. 2–13.
  • Odabaşı, F. H. (2009). 21. yüzyıl öğreneni (Davetli konuşmacı), 25. Yıl Etkinlikleri: AR-GE Konferansı, 14 Mart 2009, Ankara: Özel Arı Okulları.
  • Palfrey, J. ve Gasser, U. (2008). Born digital: Understanding the first generation of digital natives. NY: Basic Books. Parker, J.G., Seal, J. (1996).Forming, losing, renewing, and replacing friendships: Applying temporal parameters to the assessment of children's friendship experiences. Child Development, 67 pp. 2248–2268.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In A. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 1-18). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  • Peplau, L.A., Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. L.A. Peplau, D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, Wiley, New York pp. 1–18.
  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-5.
  • Prensky, M. (2005). Listen to the natives. Learning in the Digital Age, 63(4), 8-13.
  • Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G.A. (2006). A first course structural equation modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocation Inc. Publishers, pp 4.
  • Russell, D. W. (2002). In search of underlying dimensions: The use (and abuse) of factor analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1629–1646.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. & Cutrona, C. E. (1980), The revised UCLA loneliness scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (39), 472-480.
  • Scherer, R.F., Wiebe, F.A., Luther, D. C. & Adams J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: Factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire, Psychological Reports 62(3), 763-770. PubMed PMID: 3406294.
  • Scheumie, M.J., Van der S. P., Krijn, M., Van der M. C. (2001).Research on presence in virtual reality: a survey. Cyberpsychology and Behaviour, 4 (2) pp. 183–201.
  • Schroeder, R. (2007). An overview of ethical and social issues in shared virtual environments. Futures, 39 (6) pp. 704–717.
  • Slavin, R. E., 8c Cheung, A. (2004). How do English language learners learn to read? Educational Leadership, 61(6), 52-5
  • Stoll, C. (1995). Silicon snake oil. Doubleday, New York.
  • Şan, M. K., Hira, İ. (2005). Bilgi Toplumu: Bir Risk Olarak Özel Alanın Kayboluşu. IV. Ulusal Bilgi-Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi , Kocaeli.
  • Tavşancıl E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi , 4 th ed. Ankara: Nobel Pub., 93-124.
  • Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of structural equation modeling. In Grimm, L. G., Yarnold, P. R. (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 261–284). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
  • TUİK (Turkish Statistical Institute). (2007). Hane Halkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı Araştırması. Retrived on 0009 from News Bulletin. http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Turkle, S. (1996). Virtuality and its discontents: searching for community in cyberspace. The American Prospect, 24, pp. 50–57.
  • Wasko, M.M., Faraj, S. (2000). It is what one does: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9 (2–3) pp. 155–173.
  • Winn, W., Windschitl, M. (2000).Learning science in virtual environments: the interplay of theory and experience. Themes in Education, 1 (4) pp. 373–389.
  • Yılmaz, V., & Çelik, E. (2009). Lirsel ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi I. Ankara: PegemA pub, pp 53.
  • Young, K. (1998). Caught in the Net. How to recognize signs of Internet Addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. Wiley, NY.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Özgen Korkmaz This is me

Ertuğrul Usta This is me

İbrahim Kurt This is me

Publication Date July 23, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 29 Issue: 29-2

Cite

APA Korkmaz, Ö., Usta, E., & Kurt, İ. (2014). Sanal Ortam Yalnızlık Ölçeği (SOYÖ) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(29-2), 144-159.