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Year 2013, Volume: 28 Issue: 28-2, 497 - 504, 01.06.2013

Abstract

This study examined the mediation effects of positive and negative affectivity on the relationship between optimism/pessimism and satisfaction with life among university students. Participants were 95 female and 151 male undergraduate students (N = 246). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 26 with a mean of 21.09 (SD = 2.34). Participants completed Life Orientation Scale (LOT), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Life Satisfaction Scale. Results of correlational analyses demonstrated that the association between optimism and pessimism was -.40. Optimism was significantly associated with PA (r = .40), NA (r = -.26), and satisfaction with life (r = .36). Similarly, pessimism was significantly correlated with PA (r = -.26), NA (r = .39), and satisfaction with life (r = -.30). Finally, optimism had statistically significant direct and indirect links (by means of positive affectivity) with satisfaction with life, whereas pessimism only had statistically significant direct link with life satisfaction.

References

  • Aspinwall, L. E., & Taylor, S. E. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 989-1003. Aydın, G., & Tezer, E. (1991). İyimserlik, sağlık sorunları ve akademik başarı ilişkisi (The relations among optimism, health problem and academic success). Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 2-9. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 117311 Bromberger, J. T., & Matthews, K. A. (1996). A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Psychology and Aging, 11, 207-213. Cenkseven, F., & Akbaş, T. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinde öznel ve psikolojik iyi olmanın yordayıcılarının incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3 (27), 43-65. Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robbinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L. Jr., & Clark, K. C. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 375-390. Chang, E. C., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (1997). Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: Relations to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 433-440. Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middleaged adults. A test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16, 524-531. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of
  • Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99, 413–429. Eryılmaz, A., & Ercan, L. (2010). An analysis of the relationship between subjective well-being and perceived control. Elementary Education Online, 9(3), 952-959. Francis, L. J., Brown, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. (1998). Happiness as stable extraversion: A Crosscultural examination of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among students in the UK, USA, Australia and Canada. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 167–171. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 548-556. Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Positive and Negative
  • Affectivity Scale: Reliability and validity). Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15, 19-26. Grace, C., Miller, P. W., & Tcha, M. J. (2005). Happiness in university education. International Review of
  • Economics Education, 4(1), 20-45. Gündoğdu, M. (2010). Life orientations among university students. Education and Science, 35, 192-199. Işıklar, A. (2012). Examining psychological well-being and self-esteem levels of Turkish students in gaining identity against role during conflict periods. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(1), 41-50. Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing. American Psychologists, 62, 95- Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Kubzansky, L. D., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P., et al. (2004). Optimism and pessimism in the context of health: Bipolar opposites or separate constructs? Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 30, 943-956. Kümbül Güler, B., & Emeç, H. (2006). Yaşam memnuniyeti, akademik başarıda iyimserlik etkisi.
  • D.E.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 21(2)-129-149. Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational process in well-being. American Psychologist, 55(3), 239-249. Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksama, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social
  • Psychology, 75, 166-177. Marshall, G. N., Wortman, C. B., Kusulas, J. W., Hervig, L. K., & Vickers, R. R. Jr. (1992). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1067-1074. Mroczek, D. K., Spiro, A. Ill, Aldwin, C. M., Ozer, D. J., & Bosse, R. (1993). Construct validation of optimism and pessimism in older men: Findings from the Normative Aging Study. Health Psychology, 12, 406-409. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). Growth and resilience among bereaved people. In J. Gillham (Ed.), The science of optimism and hope (pp. 107-127). Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press. Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55(1), 44-55. Peterson, C., & Barrett, L. (1987). Explanatory style and academic performance among university freshmen. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 603-607. Rasmussen, H. N., Scheier, M. F., & Greenhouse, J. B. (2009). Optimism and physical health: A metaanalytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 239-256. Robinson-Whelen, S., Kim, C., MacCallum, R. C., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1997). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: Is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1345-1353. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201-228. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social
  • Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and psychological well-being. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism and pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 189-216).
  • Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Schulz, R., Bookwala, J., Knapp, J. E., Scheier, M., & Williamson, G. M. (1996). Pessimism, age, and cancer mortality. Psychology and Aging, 11, 304-309. Tennen, H., & Affleck, G. (1987). The costs and benefits of optimistic explanations and dispisitional optimism. Journal of Personality, 55, 377-393. Tuzgöl Dost, M. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumunun bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi.
  • Pamukkale Üniversitesi eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, 132-143. Üstündağ-Budak, A. M. (1999). The role of personality variables in predicting the reported physical symptoms of male and female college students. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik
  • Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346—353. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. Yılmaz, H., & Arslan, C. (2013). Subjective well-being, positive and negative affect in Turkish university students. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 2(2), 1-8.
  • Citation Information: Uğurlu, O. (2013). The mediator effects of positive and negative affectivity on the relationship between optimismpessimism and satisfaction with life. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 28(2), 497-504.

The Mediator effects of Positive and Negative Affectivity on the Relationship between Optimism-Pessimism and Satisfaction with Life

Year 2013, Volume: 28 Issue: 28-2, 497 - 504, 01.06.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversitesli öğrencilerde iyimserlik-karamsarlık ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide pozitif ve negative duygunun ara bulucu rolünü çalışmaktır. Çalışmaya 95 kadın ve 151 erkek üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Bu katılımcıların yaşları 18 ila 26 arasında ve yaş ortalaması 21.09 (SS = 2.34) değerindedir. Katılımcılar Yaşam Yönelimi (Oryantasyonu) Ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyum Ölçeğini doldurmuşlardır. Bulgulara gore iyimserlik ile karamsarlık arasındaki korelasyon -.40 değerindedir. İyimserlik, pozitif duygu (r = .40), negative duygu (r = -.26) ve yaşam doyumu (r =.36) ile anlamlı düzeyde korelasyon göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde, karamsarlık pozitif duygu (r = -.26), negative duygu (r = .39) ve yaşam doyumu (r = -.30) anlamlı düzeyde ilişkilidir. Son olarak, iyimserlik yaşam doyumunu hem doğrudan hem de pozitif duygu aracılığı ile yordamakta iken karamsarlık yaşam doyumunu doğrudan yordamaktadır.

References

  • Aspinwall, L. E., & Taylor, S. E. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 989-1003. Aydın, G., & Tezer, E. (1991). İyimserlik, sağlık sorunları ve akademik başarı ilişkisi (The relations among optimism, health problem and academic success). Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 2-9. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 117311 Bromberger, J. T., & Matthews, K. A. (1996). A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Psychology and Aging, 11, 207-213. Cenkseven, F., & Akbaş, T. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinde öznel ve psikolojik iyi olmanın yordayıcılarının incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3 (27), 43-65. Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robbinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L. Jr., & Clark, K. C. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 375-390. Chang, E. C., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (1997). Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: Relations to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 433-440. Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middleaged adults. A test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16, 524-531. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of
  • Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99, 413–429. Eryılmaz, A., & Ercan, L. (2010). An analysis of the relationship between subjective well-being and perceived control. Elementary Education Online, 9(3), 952-959. Francis, L. J., Brown, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. (1998). Happiness as stable extraversion: A Crosscultural examination of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among students in the UK, USA, Australia and Canada. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 167–171. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 548-556. Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Positive and Negative
  • Affectivity Scale: Reliability and validity). Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15, 19-26. Grace, C., Miller, P. W., & Tcha, M. J. (2005). Happiness in university education. International Review of
  • Economics Education, 4(1), 20-45. Gündoğdu, M. (2010). Life orientations among university students. Education and Science, 35, 192-199. Işıklar, A. (2012). Examining psychological well-being and self-esteem levels of Turkish students in gaining identity against role during conflict periods. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(1), 41-50. Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing. American Psychologists, 62, 95- Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Kubzansky, L. D., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P., et al. (2004). Optimism and pessimism in the context of health: Bipolar opposites or separate constructs? Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 30, 943-956. Kümbül Güler, B., & Emeç, H. (2006). Yaşam memnuniyeti, akademik başarıda iyimserlik etkisi.
  • D.E.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 21(2)-129-149. Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational process in well-being. American Psychologist, 55(3), 239-249. Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksama, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social
  • Psychology, 75, 166-177. Marshall, G. N., Wortman, C. B., Kusulas, J. W., Hervig, L. K., & Vickers, R. R. Jr. (1992). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1067-1074. Mroczek, D. K., Spiro, A. Ill, Aldwin, C. M., Ozer, D. J., & Bosse, R. (1993). Construct validation of optimism and pessimism in older men: Findings from the Normative Aging Study. Health Psychology, 12, 406-409. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). Growth and resilience among bereaved people. In J. Gillham (Ed.), The science of optimism and hope (pp. 107-127). Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press. Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55(1), 44-55. Peterson, C., & Barrett, L. (1987). Explanatory style and academic performance among university freshmen. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 603-607. Rasmussen, H. N., Scheier, M. F., & Greenhouse, J. B. (2009). Optimism and physical health: A metaanalytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 239-256. Robinson-Whelen, S., Kim, C., MacCallum, R. C., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1997). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: Is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1345-1353. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201-228. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social
  • Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and psychological well-being. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism and pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 189-216).
  • Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Schulz, R., Bookwala, J., Knapp, J. E., Scheier, M., & Williamson, G. M. (1996). Pessimism, age, and cancer mortality. Psychology and Aging, 11, 304-309. Tennen, H., & Affleck, G. (1987). The costs and benefits of optimistic explanations and dispisitional optimism. Journal of Personality, 55, 377-393. Tuzgöl Dost, M. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumunun bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi.
  • Pamukkale Üniversitesi eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, 132-143. Üstündağ-Budak, A. M. (1999). The role of personality variables in predicting the reported physical symptoms of male and female college students. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik
  • Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346—353. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. Yılmaz, H., & Arslan, C. (2013). Subjective well-being, positive and negative affect in Turkish university students. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 2(2), 1-8.
  • Citation Information: Uğurlu, O. (2013). The mediator effects of positive and negative affectivity on the relationship between optimismpessimism and satisfaction with life. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 28(2), 497-504.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ozanser Uğurlu This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 28 Issue: 28-2

Cite

APA Uğurlu, O. (2013). The Mediator effects of Positive and Negative Affectivity on the Relationship between Optimism-Pessimism and Satisfaction with Life. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-2), 497-504.