Eating Behaviors and Its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study In Autistic and Non-Autistic Children
Year 2024,
, 107 - 115, 28.08.2024
Sercan Kara
,
Bircan Kara
,
Zeynep Begüm Kalyoncu Atasoy
,
Hatice Kaya
,
Aytolan Yıldırım
Abstract
Aim: Autism has increased globally, and it impacts nutrition. Factors related to mealtime behaviors of autistic children are understudied, especially in low-and-middle-income countries. Thus, this study aims to compare the eating and mealtime behaviours of autistic children (n=60) with a non-autistic sample (n=62) from Istanbul, Türkiye.
Material and Methods: Parents were asked to complete a face-to-face questionnaire that included Children's Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) and anthropometric measures. MANCOVAs were used for comparing factors scores of CEBI between autistic and non-autistic participants by adjusting for potential covariates.
Results: “Child’s Positive Eating Behavior” and “Adverse conditions in terms of child at the mealtime” (such as vomiting and choking) factors differed significantly depending on the autism status although negative eating behaviors during and after the mealtime were present in both groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the autism and comparison group on BMI percentile along with age and sex of the children.
Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for evaluating the nutrition status of children at every age by not only using anthropometric measures and dietary intake, but also assessing eating behaviors. Families could be guided on regulating their children's nutritional behaviors by focusing on development of positive attitudes.
Supporting Institution
Na
Thanks
We would like to thank Deniz Özlem Kara Sezgin for her help in finalizing the demographic survey, and all the families that participated in the study for their contributions.
References
- 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. (Vol. 5, No. 5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
- 2. Demir AC, Özcan Ö. The nutritional behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder, parental feeding styles, and anthropometric measurements. Nord J Psychiatry. 2021;76(1):64-70. doi:10.1080/08039488.2021.1934109.
- 3. Türkoğlu S, Bilgiç A, Uslu R. Otistik spektrum bozukluğu olan ayrı yumurta üçüzleri: Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi. 2012;49,167-171.
- 4. Otizm Platformu, Otizm [Internet]. 2022 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: http://www.odfed.org/otizm
- 5. WHO, Autism spectrum disorders [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.
- 6. Defining Child BMI Categories [Internet]. 2023 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/childhood-defining.html
- 7. Bicer AH, Alsaffar AA. Body mass index, dietary intake and feeding problems of Turkish children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research in developmental disabilities. 2013;34(11):3978-87.
- 8. Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med. 2015;45(3):601-13.
- 9. Facts about Autism [Internet]. 2021 [Erişim Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021]. Erişim Adresi https://nationalautismcenter.org/autism/
- 10. Kahane L, El-Tahir M. Attachment behavior in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities. 2015;9(2):79–89.
- 11. Özbaran B, Gökçen Köse S ve Erermiş S. Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluklarda Sosyal Biliş. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 2014;19:323-32.
- 12. Van der Wurff I, Oenema A, de Ruijter D, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Rutten B et al. Scoping Literature Review of the Relation between Nutrition and ASD Symptoms in Children. Nutrients. 2022;26;14(7)
- 13. Pehlivantürk B, Bakkaloğlu B, Ünal F. Otistik Bozukluk Etyolojisi: Genetik Etkenler. TJCAMH. 2003;10:88-96.
- 14. Sharp WG, Berry RC, McCracken C, Nuhu NN, Marvel E, Saulnier CA et al. Feeding problems and nutrient intake in children with autism spectrum disorders: Meta-analysis and comprehensive review of the literature. JADD. 2013;43(9):2159-73.
- 15. Marshall J, Hill RJ, Ziviani J, Dodrill P. Features of feeding difficulty in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. International journal of speech-language pathology. 2014;16(2):151-8.
- 16. Nogay NH, Nahikian-Nelms M. Effects of nutritional interventions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an overview based on literature review. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 2022;31:1-4.
- 17. Mari-Bauset S, Zazpe I, Mari-Sanchis A, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Suárez-Varela MM. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional assessment in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2015;9:130-43.
- 18. Bilim N. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması Temel Bulgular. 2019. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/2018_TNSA_Ozet_Rapor.pdf
- 19. Bandini LG, Anderson SE, Curtin C, Cermak S, Evans EW, Scampini R et al. Food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing children. J. Pediatr. 2010;157(2):259-64.
- 20. De Crescenzo F, D’Alo GL, Morgano, GP, Minozzi S, Mitrova Z, Saulle R et al. Impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids on patient-important outcomes in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 2020;18:1-12.
- 21. González-Domenech PJ, Díaz Atienza F, García Pablos C, Fernández Soto ML, Martínez-Ortega JM, Gutiérrez-Rojas L. Influence of a Combined Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 12-Month Follow-Up Clinical Trial. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2020;50:935-48.
- 22. Piwowarczyk A, Horvath A, Pisula E, Kawa R, Szajewska H. Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized, Controlled Single-Blinded Trial. JADD. 2020;50:482-90.
- 23. Hannant P, Cassidy S,Renshaw D, Joyce A. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-designed GABA tea study in children diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions: A feasibility study clinical trial registration: ISRCTN 72571312. Nutr. Neurosci. 2019;24:45-61.
- 24. T.C. Sağlık Banlığı Şişmanlık Araştırması Cosi-Tur [Internet]. 2016. [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://tekirdagism.saglik.gov.tr/TR-44030/cocukluk-cagi-sismanlik-arastirmasi-turkiye-2016-cosi-tur-2016.html
- 25. Figueroa R, Kalyoncu ZB, Saltzman JA, Davison KK. Autonomous motivation, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and healthy beverage intake in US families: differences between mother–adolescent and father–adolescent dyads. Public health nutrition. 2019;22(6):1010-8.
- 26. Archer LA, Rosenbaum PL, Streiner DL. The children's eating behavior inventory: reliability and validity results. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1991;16(5):629-42.
- 27. Ünlü H. Okul öncesi dönem çocuklar için yeme davranışı değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türk çocuklarına uyarlanması [Doktora tezi]. İsanbul: Marmara Universitesi; 2011
- 28. Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder [Internet]. 2023 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html
- 29. Malhi P, Venkatesh L, Bharti B, Singhi P. Feeding problems and nutrient intake in children with and without autism: A comparative study. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2017;84(4):283-8.
- 30. Mazurek MO, Vasa RA, Kalb LG, Kanne SM, Rosenberg D, Keefer A et al. Anxiety, sensory over-responsivity, and gastrointestinal problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2013;41(1):165-76.
- 31. Schröder SS, Danner UN, Spek AA, van Elburg AA. Problematic eating behaviours of autistic women—A scoping review. European Eating Disorders Review. 2022;30(5):510-37.
- 32. Demirel F,Üner A, Kırımi E. Van İli Kırsalındaki Annelerin Çocuk Beslenmesindeki Alışkanlıkları ve Uygulamaları. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2001;8(1):18-22.
- 33. Taşyürek E. Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanısı Konulan Çocuklarda Uyku ve Beslenme Sorunları [Uzmanlık tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2017.
- 34. Girli A. An Examınatıon Of The Relatıonshıps Between The Socıal Skill Levels, Self Concepts And Aggressive Behavıor Of Students With Special Needs In The Process Of Inclusion Education. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal. 2014;42(1):23-38.
- 35. Aydın Y. Otizmli mi Otistik mi [Internet]. 2021 [ Erişim Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021]. Erişim Adresi: https://gelecekbilimde.net/otizmli-mi-otistik-mi/
- 36. Vivanti G. Ask the editor: What is the most appropriate way to talk about individuals with a diagnosis of autism?. J. Pediatr. 2020;50:691-3.
Otizmi Olan ve Olmayan Çocuklarda Yeme Davranışları ve Belirleyicileri: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Year 2024,
, 107 - 115, 28.08.2024
Sercan Kara
,
Bircan Kara
,
Zeynep Begüm Kalyoncu Atasoy
,
Hatice Kaya
,
Aytolan Yıldırım
Abstract
Amaç: Otizm küresel olarak artmakta ve beslenmeyi etkilemektedir. Otizmli çocukların yemek zamanı davranışlarıyla ilgili faktörler, özellikle düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma İstanbul’da yapılmış olup, otizmli çocuk örneklemi (n=60) ve kontrol grubunun (n=62) yeme davranışlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ebeveynler, Çocuklarda Yeme Davranışları Değerlendirme Ölçeği’ni (ÇYDDÖ) ve çocuklara ait antropometrik değişkenleri içeren bir anketi yüz yüze doldurmuşlardır. ÇYDDÖ’ye ait faktör puanları MANCOVA’lar yardımıyla değerlendirilmiş olup, analizlerde potansiyel karıştırıcı faktörler sabit tutulmuştur.
Bulgular: Her iki grupta da yemek sırasında ve sonrasında olumsuz yeme davranışları bulunmasına rağmen, “Çocuğun Sergilediği Olumlu Yeme Davranışları” ve “Çocuğun Yemek Esnasında Sergilediği Olumsuz Yeme Davranışları” (kusma, boğulma gibi) alt boyutları otizm durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Otizm ve kontrol grubu arasında BKİ persentil değerleri ile çocukların yaşı ve cinsiyeti arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, farklı yaştaki çocukların beslenme durumunun değerlendirilmesinde sadece antropometrik ölçümler ve diyet alımı değil, aynı zamanda yeme davranışlarının da değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ailelerin, olumlu tutum geliştirmeye odaklanarak çocuklarının beslenme davranışlarını düzenlemeleri önerilmektedir.
References
- 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. (Vol. 5, No. 5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
- 2. Demir AC, Özcan Ö. The nutritional behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder, parental feeding styles, and anthropometric measurements. Nord J Psychiatry. 2021;76(1):64-70. doi:10.1080/08039488.2021.1934109.
- 3. Türkoğlu S, Bilgiç A, Uslu R. Otistik spektrum bozukluğu olan ayrı yumurta üçüzleri: Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi. 2012;49,167-171.
- 4. Otizm Platformu, Otizm [Internet]. 2022 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: http://www.odfed.org/otizm
- 5. WHO, Autism spectrum disorders [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.
- 6. Defining Child BMI Categories [Internet]. 2023 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/childhood-defining.html
- 7. Bicer AH, Alsaffar AA. Body mass index, dietary intake and feeding problems of Turkish children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research in developmental disabilities. 2013;34(11):3978-87.
- 8. Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med. 2015;45(3):601-13.
- 9. Facts about Autism [Internet]. 2021 [Erişim Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021]. Erişim Adresi https://nationalautismcenter.org/autism/
- 10. Kahane L, El-Tahir M. Attachment behavior in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities. 2015;9(2):79–89.
- 11. Özbaran B, Gökçen Köse S ve Erermiş S. Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluklarda Sosyal Biliş. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 2014;19:323-32.
- 12. Van der Wurff I, Oenema A, de Ruijter D, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Rutten B et al. Scoping Literature Review of the Relation between Nutrition and ASD Symptoms in Children. Nutrients. 2022;26;14(7)
- 13. Pehlivantürk B, Bakkaloğlu B, Ünal F. Otistik Bozukluk Etyolojisi: Genetik Etkenler. TJCAMH. 2003;10:88-96.
- 14. Sharp WG, Berry RC, McCracken C, Nuhu NN, Marvel E, Saulnier CA et al. Feeding problems and nutrient intake in children with autism spectrum disorders: Meta-analysis and comprehensive review of the literature. JADD. 2013;43(9):2159-73.
- 15. Marshall J, Hill RJ, Ziviani J, Dodrill P. Features of feeding difficulty in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. International journal of speech-language pathology. 2014;16(2):151-8.
- 16. Nogay NH, Nahikian-Nelms M. Effects of nutritional interventions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an overview based on literature review. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 2022;31:1-4.
- 17. Mari-Bauset S, Zazpe I, Mari-Sanchis A, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Suárez-Varela MM. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional assessment in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2015;9:130-43.
- 18. Bilim N. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması Temel Bulgular. 2019. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/2018_TNSA_Ozet_Rapor.pdf
- 19. Bandini LG, Anderson SE, Curtin C, Cermak S, Evans EW, Scampini R et al. Food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing children. J. Pediatr. 2010;157(2):259-64.
- 20. De Crescenzo F, D’Alo GL, Morgano, GP, Minozzi S, Mitrova Z, Saulle R et al. Impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids on patient-important outcomes in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 2020;18:1-12.
- 21. González-Domenech PJ, Díaz Atienza F, García Pablos C, Fernández Soto ML, Martínez-Ortega JM, Gutiérrez-Rojas L. Influence of a Combined Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 12-Month Follow-Up Clinical Trial. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2020;50:935-48.
- 22. Piwowarczyk A, Horvath A, Pisula E, Kawa R, Szajewska H. Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized, Controlled Single-Blinded Trial. JADD. 2020;50:482-90.
- 23. Hannant P, Cassidy S,Renshaw D, Joyce A. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-designed GABA tea study in children diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions: A feasibility study clinical trial registration: ISRCTN 72571312. Nutr. Neurosci. 2019;24:45-61.
- 24. T.C. Sağlık Banlığı Şişmanlık Araştırması Cosi-Tur [Internet]. 2016. [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://tekirdagism.saglik.gov.tr/TR-44030/cocukluk-cagi-sismanlik-arastirmasi-turkiye-2016-cosi-tur-2016.html
- 25. Figueroa R, Kalyoncu ZB, Saltzman JA, Davison KK. Autonomous motivation, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and healthy beverage intake in US families: differences between mother–adolescent and father–adolescent dyads. Public health nutrition. 2019;22(6):1010-8.
- 26. Archer LA, Rosenbaum PL, Streiner DL. The children's eating behavior inventory: reliability and validity results. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1991;16(5):629-42.
- 27. Ünlü H. Okul öncesi dönem çocuklar için yeme davranışı değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türk çocuklarına uyarlanması [Doktora tezi]. İsanbul: Marmara Universitesi; 2011
- 28. Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder [Internet]. 2023 [Erişim Tarihi 11 Mart 2023]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html
- 29. Malhi P, Venkatesh L, Bharti B, Singhi P. Feeding problems and nutrient intake in children with and without autism: A comparative study. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2017;84(4):283-8.
- 30. Mazurek MO, Vasa RA, Kalb LG, Kanne SM, Rosenberg D, Keefer A et al. Anxiety, sensory over-responsivity, and gastrointestinal problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2013;41(1):165-76.
- 31. Schröder SS, Danner UN, Spek AA, van Elburg AA. Problematic eating behaviours of autistic women—A scoping review. European Eating Disorders Review. 2022;30(5):510-37.
- 32. Demirel F,Üner A, Kırımi E. Van İli Kırsalındaki Annelerin Çocuk Beslenmesindeki Alışkanlıkları ve Uygulamaları. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2001;8(1):18-22.
- 33. Taşyürek E. Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanısı Konulan Çocuklarda Uyku ve Beslenme Sorunları [Uzmanlık tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2017.
- 34. Girli A. An Examınatıon Of The Relatıonshıps Between The Socıal Skill Levels, Self Concepts And Aggressive Behavıor Of Students With Special Needs In The Process Of Inclusion Education. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal. 2014;42(1):23-38.
- 35. Aydın Y. Otizmli mi Otistik mi [Internet]. 2021 [ Erişim Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021]. Erişim Adresi: https://gelecekbilimde.net/otizmli-mi-otistik-mi/
- 36. Vivanti G. Ask the editor: What is the most appropriate way to talk about individuals with a diagnosis of autism?. J. Pediatr. 2020;50:691-3.