COVID-19 Hastalığının Fizyopatolojisi ve Holistik Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı

Zehra Gök Metin

doi:10.31125/hunhemsire.775658

Review

COVID-19 Hastalığının Fizyopatolojisi ve Holistik Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 15 - 24, 09.08.2020

Zehra Gök Metin

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.775658

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Bu derlemenin amacı, ilk olarak Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde görülen ve tüm dünya ülkelerinde giderek yaygınlığı artan, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen Koronavirüs hastalığının (COVID-19) fizyopatolojisi ve vücut sistemlerinde oluşturduğu yaygın semptomlara yönelik bilgi sunmaktır. Ayrıca, COVID-19 nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastaların bakımında izlenecek holistik hemşirelik yaklaşımını: (I) hastaların değerlendirilmesi, (II) sağlık sorunlarının önceliklendirilmesi, (III) NANDA hemşirelik tanıları ve hemşirelik bakımının sonuçları (NOC) ve (IV) hemşirelik girişimlerinin sınıflaması (NIC) şeklinde sistematik bir yaklaşımla özetlemek amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Koronavirüs, Holistik hemşirelik, Pandemi, Virülans

References

1. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72. 2020.
2. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020:102433.
3. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-473.
4. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Fangfang Z., Xing L, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020.
5. Members WC, Wang H, Zeng T, Wu X, Sun H. Holistic care for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: An expert consensus. JNSSS. 2020.
6. Papathanasiou I, Sklavou M, Kourkouta L. Holistic nursing care: theories and perspectives. AJNS. 2013;2(1):1-5.
7. Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J. 2019;16(1):69.
8. Mousavizadeh L, Ghasemi S. Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020.
9. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. JPA.2020.
10. Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-273.
11. de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(8):523.
12. Siu YL, Teoh KT, Lo J, Chan CM, Kien F, Escriou N, et al. The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles. J Virol. 2008;82(22):11318-11330.
13. Fehr AR, Perlman S. Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Coronaviruses: Springer; 2015:1-23.
14. Luo W, Yu H, Gou J, Li X, Sun Y, Li J, et al. Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Pathology & Pathobiology. 2020;2020020407.
15. Kirchdoerfer RN, Cottrell CA, Wang N, Pallesen J, et al. Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein. Nature. 2016;531(7592):118-121.
16. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-574.
17. Kuo L, Masters PS. The small envelope protein E is not essential for murine coronavirus replication. J Virol. 2003;77(8):4597-4608.
18. Rivellese F, Prediletto E. ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19 from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia. Autoimmunity reviews. 2020:102536.
19. Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19. NEJM. 2020.
20. Hanff TC, Harhay MO, Brown TS, Cohen JB, Mohareb AM. Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin System—a Call for Epidemiologic Investigations. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
21. Naicker S, Yang C-W, Hwang S-J, Liu B-C, Chen J-H, Jha V. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. KIl. 2020.
22. Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman S, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, et al. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol. 2020.
23. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, Tian F, Jin DY, Chen L, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama. 2020.
24. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020.
25. Force ADT, Ranieri V, Rubenfeld G, Thompson B, Ferguson N, Caldwell E. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Jama. 2012;307(23):2526-2533.
26. Huppert LA, Matthay MA, Ware LB. Pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Paper presented at: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2019.
27. Ren L-L, Wang Y-M, Wu Z-Q, Xiang Z-C, Guo L, Xu T, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chinese Medical Journal. 2020.
28. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. NEJM. 2003;348(20):1986-1994.
29. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):420-422.
30. Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP, Ansell J, Holbrook A, Skov J, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy. Blood Advances. 2018;2(22):3257-3291.
31. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020.
32. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). Statpearls [internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
33. Xia W, Shao J, Guo Y, Peng X, Li Z, Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2020.
34. Baud D, Qi X, Nielsen-Saines K, Musso D, Pomar L, Favre G. Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020.
35. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020.
36. Wang T, Du Z, Zhu F, Cao Z, An Y, Gao Y, et al. Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020.
37. AY F. Uluslararası alanda kullanılan hemşirelik tanıları ve uygulamaları sınıflandırma sistemleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008;28(4):555-561.
38. Gordon M, Güler Ç, Erdemir A, Hakverdioğlu G. Hemşirelik sınıflama sistemleri, klinik uygulama, eğitim, araştırma ve yönetiminde kullanımı. Ankara. 2003:1-53.
39. Jiang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, He J, Chen L, Liu Y, et al. Clinical Data on Hospital Environmental Hygiene Monitoring and Medical Staff Protection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak. medRxiv. 2020.
40. TH H. NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification 2015-2017. Porto Alegre: Artmed. 2015.
41. Choi KR, Jeffers KS, Logsdon MC. Nursing and the Novel Coronavirus: Risks and Responsibilities in a Global Outbreak. JAN. 2020.
42. Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo, Villamizar-Peña Y, Holguin-Rivera, Escalera-Antezena JP, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020:101623.
43. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):300-302.
44. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in china. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
45. Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA. Care for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Jama. 2020.
46. Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H, Slutsky AS. Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Intensive Care Med. 2020:1-4.
47. Ñamendys-Silva SA. Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):e18.
48. MacLaren G, Fisher D, Brodie D. Preparing for the most critically ill patients with COVID-19: the potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Jama. 2020.
49. Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Meddeb L., Mailhe M., Doudier B, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020:105949.
50. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong M N, Fan E, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med. 2020:1-34.
51. Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Lobascio F, Montagna E, Bruno R, Ludovisi S, et al. Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol. Nutrition. 2020:110835.
52. Control CfD, Prevention. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation summary. 2020.
53. Cowling B, Zhou Y, Ip D, Leung G, Aiello A. Face masks to prevent transmission of influenza virus: a systematic review. Epidemiology & Infection. 2010;138(4):449-456.

Physiopathology of COVID-19 and Holistic Nursing Approach

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 15 - 24, 09.08.2020

Zehra Gök Metin

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.775658

Cited By: 4

Abstract

The aim of this review is to provide information on the physiopathology and common symptoms of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in body systems, which was first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and has become increasingly widespread in all countries of the world, and has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In addition, to summarize the holistic nursing approach to be followed in the care of patients with COVID-19 in a systematic manner: (I) assessment of patients, (II) prioritizing health problems, (III) NANDA nursing diagnosis and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and (IV) Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC).

Keywords

Coronavirus, Holistic nursing, Pandemics, Virulence

References

1. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72. 2020.
2. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020:102433.
3. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-473.
4. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Fangfang Z., Xing L, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020.
5. Members WC, Wang H, Zeng T, Wu X, Sun H. Holistic care for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: An expert consensus. JNSSS. 2020.
6. Papathanasiou I, Sklavou M, Kourkouta L. Holistic nursing care: theories and perspectives. AJNS. 2013;2(1):1-5.
7. Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J. 2019;16(1):69.
8. Mousavizadeh L, Ghasemi S. Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020.
9. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. JPA.2020.
10. Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-273.
11. de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(8):523.
12. Siu YL, Teoh KT, Lo J, Chan CM, Kien F, Escriou N, et al. The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles. J Virol. 2008;82(22):11318-11330.
13. Fehr AR, Perlman S. Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Coronaviruses: Springer; 2015:1-23.
14. Luo W, Yu H, Gou J, Li X, Sun Y, Li J, et al. Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Pathology & Pathobiology. 2020;2020020407.
15. Kirchdoerfer RN, Cottrell CA, Wang N, Pallesen J, et al. Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein. Nature. 2016;531(7592):118-121.
16. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-574.
17. Kuo L, Masters PS. The small envelope protein E is not essential for murine coronavirus replication. J Virol. 2003;77(8):4597-4608.
18. Rivellese F, Prediletto E. ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19 from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia. Autoimmunity reviews. 2020:102536.
19. Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19. NEJM. 2020.
20. Hanff TC, Harhay MO, Brown TS, Cohen JB, Mohareb AM. Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin System—a Call for Epidemiologic Investigations. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
21. Naicker S, Yang C-W, Hwang S-J, Liu B-C, Chen J-H, Jha V. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. KIl. 2020.
22. Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman S, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, et al. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol. 2020.
23. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, Tian F, Jin DY, Chen L, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama. 2020.
24. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020.
25. Force ADT, Ranieri V, Rubenfeld G, Thompson B, Ferguson N, Caldwell E. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Jama. 2012;307(23):2526-2533.
26. Huppert LA, Matthay MA, Ware LB. Pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Paper presented at: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2019.
27. Ren L-L, Wang Y-M, Wu Z-Q, Xiang Z-C, Guo L, Xu T, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chinese Medical Journal. 2020.
28. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. NEJM. 2003;348(20):1986-1994.
29. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):420-422.
30. Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP, Ansell J, Holbrook A, Skov J, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy. Blood Advances. 2018;2(22):3257-3291.
31. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020.
32. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). Statpearls [internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
33. Xia W, Shao J, Guo Y, Peng X, Li Z, Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2020.
34. Baud D, Qi X, Nielsen-Saines K, Musso D, Pomar L, Favre G. Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020.
35. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020.
36. Wang T, Du Z, Zhu F, Cao Z, An Y, Gao Y, et al. Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020.
37. AY F. Uluslararası alanda kullanılan hemşirelik tanıları ve uygulamaları sınıflandırma sistemleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008;28(4):555-561.
38. Gordon M, Güler Ç, Erdemir A, Hakverdioğlu G. Hemşirelik sınıflama sistemleri, klinik uygulama, eğitim, araştırma ve yönetiminde kullanımı. Ankara. 2003:1-53.
39. Jiang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, He J, Chen L, Liu Y, et al. Clinical Data on Hospital Environmental Hygiene Monitoring and Medical Staff Protection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak. medRxiv. 2020.
40. TH H. NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification 2015-2017. Porto Alegre: Artmed. 2015.
41. Choi KR, Jeffers KS, Logsdon MC. Nursing and the Novel Coronavirus: Risks and Responsibilities in a Global Outbreak. JAN. 2020.
42. Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo, Villamizar-Peña Y, Holguin-Rivera, Escalera-Antezena JP, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020:101623.
43. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):300-302.
44. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in china. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
45. Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA. Care for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Jama. 2020.
46. Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H, Slutsky AS. Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Intensive Care Med. 2020:1-4.
47. Ñamendys-Silva SA. Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):e18.
48. MacLaren G, Fisher D, Brodie D. Preparing for the most critically ill patients with COVID-19: the potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Jama. 2020.
49. Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Meddeb L., Mailhe M., Doudier B, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020:105949.
50. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong M N, Fan E, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med. 2020:1-34.
51. Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Lobascio F, Montagna E, Bruno R, Ludovisi S, et al. Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol. Nutrition. 2020:110835.
52. Control CfD, Prevention. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation summary. 2020.
53. Cowling B, Zhou Y, Ip D, Leung G, Aiello A. Face masks to prevent transmission of influenza virus: a systematic review. Epidemiology & Infection. 2010;138(4):449-456.

There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Zehra Gök Metin This is me 0000-0003-0311-9982
Publication Date	August 9, 2020
Submission Date	April 12, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

Vancouver	Gök Metin Z. COVID-19 Hastalığının Fizyopatolojisi ve Holistik Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. JOHUFON. 2020;7(Özel Sayı):15-24.

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