Research Article
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The Relationship between Nutritional Literacy and Self-Effectiveness and Diabetes Self-Care Activities in Individuals Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 57 - 63, 11.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1102077

Abstract

Aim: This correlational study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care activities of individuals aged 18-64 years with a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis.
Material and Methods: The study was carried out between December 2018 and May 2019 with 200 adults diagnosed with T2DM registered in a family health center located in the metropolitan city center. The study data were collected using the Information Form, Nutrition Literacy Assessment Scale, Diabetes Self-Care Scale, and Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale. In statistical analysis, t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Chi-square, and Fisher Exact chi-square tests were used. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval.
Results: 65% of the participants in the study were women, and the mean age was 52.9±9.34 years. While the nutrition literacy level was sufficient in 74.5% of the participants, it was at borderline in 24.9% and insufficient in 2%. While the senior high school and university graduates had an adequate nutrition literacy level, primary / junior high school graduates had borderline nutrition literacy levels (p<0.000). The participants' mean scores from the overall self-care and self-efficacy were 88.03±14.77 and 69.87±16.60, respectively. There was a significant relationship between nutritional literacy total scale scores and self-care (p=0.001) and self-efficacy scores (p=0.000).
Conclusions: According to the study results, there was a relationship between nutritional literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors. It will be essential practices for the effective management of diabetes that health care team members, starting from primary care, determine the nutritional literacy levels of individuals, plan individual education, prepare education materials according to their nutritional literacy levels and use them in education.

References

  • 1. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. [Internet]. 2013 [Erişim Tarihi 18 Ekim 2018]. Erişim adresi: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
  • 2. Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Hass LB, Hosey GB, Jensen B, et al. National standards for diabetes self management education. Diab Care. 2011;34:89-96.
  • 3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: A bridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2015;33(2):97-111.
  • 4. Mohammadi S, Karim NA, Talib RA, Amani R. The Impact of self efficacy education based on the health belief model in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled intervention study. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2018:27(3):546-55.
  • 5. Tosun A, Zincir H. The effect of a trans theoretical model based motivational ınterview on self efficacy, metabolic control, and health behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract. 2019;25(4):e12742.
  • 6. Velardo S. The Nuances of health literacy, nutrition literacy, and food literacy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2015;47(4):385-9.
  • 7. Cullen T, Hatch, J, Martin W, Higgins JW, Sheppard R. Food literacy: Definition and frame work foraction. Canadian J Diet Pract. 2015;76(3):140–5.
  • 8. Vidgen HA, Gallegos D. Defining food literacy and its components.Appetite. 2014;76:50-9.
  • 9. Aktaş N, Özdoğan Y. Gıda ve beslenme okuryazarlığı. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bil Derg. 2016;20(2):146-53.
  • 10. Nutbeam D. The evolving concept of health literacy. Social Sci Med. 2008;67:2072-8.
  • 11. Bohanny W, Wu SFV, Liu CY, Yeh SH, Tsay SL, Wang TJ. Health literacy, self efficacy, and self care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2013;25(9):495–502.
  • 12. Heide I, Van Der Uiters E, Rademakers J, Struijs JN, Schuit AJ, Baan CA. Associations among health literacy, diabetes knowledge and self management behavior in adults with diabetes: Results of a Dutch cross sectional study. J Health Commun. 2014;19:115-31.
  • 13. Souza JG, Apolinario D, Magaldi RM, Busse AL, Campora F, Jacob-Filho W. Functional health literacy and glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):e004180.
  • 14. Rachmawati U, Saha, J, Wati DNK.The Association of diabetes literacy with self-management among older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-Sectional study. BMC Nursing. 2019;18(1):1-8.
  • 15. Guo XM, Zhai X, Hou BR. Adequacy of health literacy and is effect on diabetes self-management: a meta-analysis. Aust J Prim Health. 2021;26(6):458-65.
  • 16. Aihara Y, Minai J. Barriers and catalysts of nutrition literacy among elderly japanese people. Health Promot Int. 2011;26:421-31.
  • 17. Krause CG, Beer-Borst S, Sommerhalder K, Hayoz S, Abel TA. Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults: Findings from a Swiss validation study. Appetite. 2018;120:275-80.
  • 18. Cesur B, Koçoğlu G, Sümer H. Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA) A validity and reliability study. Integr Food Nutr Metab. 2015;2(1):127-130.
  • 19. Çakır Arıca Ş, Güreş N, Arslan S. Tüketicilerin sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016;20(2):99-110.
  • 20. Özdenk GD, Özcebe LH. Bir üniversite çalışanlarının beslenme okuryazarlığı, beslenme davranışları ve ilişkili faktörler. Türkiye Halk Sağ Derg. 2018;16(3):178-89.
  • 21. Ayer Ç. Çivril Yöresindeki Adölesanlarda Beslenme Okuryazarlığının Mevcut Durumu Ve Etkileyen Faktörler [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Denizli. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü;2018.
  • 22. Sonkaya Z, Balcı E, Ayar A. Üniversite öğrencilerinin gıda okuryazarlığı ve gıda güvenliği konusunda bilgi, tutum ve davranışları “Amasya Üniversitesi Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu” Örneği. Türk Hij Den Biyol Dergisi. 2018;75(1):53-64.
  • 23. Wu SF, Huang YC, Lee MC, Wang TJ, Tung HH. Self efficacy, self care behavior, anxiety and depression in Taiwanese with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional survey. Nurs Health Sci. 2013;15(2):213-9.
  • 24. Lee NP, Fisher WP. Evaluation of the diabetes self care scale. J Applied Measurement. 2005;6 (4):366-81.
  • 25. Karakurt P. Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Öz Bakım Üzerine Etkisi [Doktora Tezi]. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2008.
  • 26. Van der Bijl JJ, Poelgeest-Eeltink AV, Shortridge-Baggett L. The psychometric properties of Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Adv Nurs. 1999;30:352-9.
  • 27. Kara M, Van Der Bijl JJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Astı T, Ergunay, S. Cross cultural adaptation of the diabetes management self efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Scale development. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43:611-21.
  • 28. Breen C, Ryan M, Gibney MJ, O'Shea D. Diabetes related nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes. Brit J Nutr. 2015;114(3):439-47.
  • 29. Zoellner JM, Hedrick VE, You W, Chen Y, Davy BM, Porter KJ, et al. Effects of a behavioral and health literacy intervention to reduce sugar sweetened beverages: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Physl Act. 2016;13(1):1-12.
  • 30. Abdullah A, Liew SM, Salim H, Chinna K. Prevalence of limited health literacy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review. Plo Sone. 2019;14(5),e0216402.
  • 31. Ünal E, Özdemir A. Sağlıklı yaşamda beslenme ve okuryazarlık. Fatma Eti Aslan, Fatma Deniz Sayıner, editörler. İçinde: Hemşirelik ve Ebelik. Ankara: Akademisyen Yayınevi;2018.
  • 32. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu [Internet]. 2019 [Erişim Tarihi 6 Aralık 2019]. Erişim adresi:http://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/20190819095854-2019tbl_kilavuzb48da47363.pdf
  • 33. Türkiye Diyabet Vakfı. Ulusal Diyabet Konsensus Grubu. Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. [Internet]. 2019 [Erişim Tarihi 6 Aralık 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.turkdiab.org/admin/PICS/files/Diyabet_Tani_ve_Tedavi_Rehberi_2019.pdf
  • 34. Alhaik S, Anshasi HA, Alkhawaldeh JF, Soh KL, Naji AM. An assessment of self care knowledge among patients with diabetes mellitus. diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Clin Res Rev. 2019;13(1):390-4.
  • 35. Uçakan GM, Zincir H, Zararsız G. Tip II diabetes mellituslu bireylerde benlik saygısı ve öz etkililik düzeyleri.Türkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2015;7(1):29-37.
  • 36. León-Landa EH, Orozco-Castillo L, Argüelles-Nava VG, Hernández-Barrera L, Luzanía-Valerio MS, Campos-Uscanga Y. Health literacy as a key factor in diet self care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Universidady Salud. 2019;21(2):132-140.
  • 37. Shin KS, Lee EH. Relationships of health literacy to self care behaviors in people with diabetes aged 60 and above: Empowerment as a mediator. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(10):2363-2372.
  • 38. Inoue M, Takahashi M, Kai I. Impact of communicative and critical health literacy on understanding of diabetes care and self efficacy in diabetes management. A cross sectional study of primary care in Japan. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14(1):40.
  • 39. Vandenbosch J, Van den Broucke S., Schinckus L, Schwarz P, Doyle G, Pelikan J, et al. The impact of health literacy on diabetes self management education. Health Educ J. 2018;77(3):349-362.
  • 40. Brzan PP, Rotman E, Pajnkihar M, Klanjsek. Mobile applications for control and self management of diabetes: A systematic review. J Med Systems. 2016;40(9):210.
  • 41. Veazie S, Winchell K, Gilbert J, Paynter R, Ivlev I, Eden K, et al. Mobile applications for self-management of diabetes. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(7):1167-1176.

Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus Tanılı Bireylerin Beslenme Okuryazarlığı ile Öz-Etkililik ve Diyabet Öz Bakım Aktiviteleri İlişkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 57 - 63, 11.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1102077

Abstract

Amaç: İlişki arayıcı tasarımdaki araştırmanın amacı 18-64 yaş arası Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus (T2DM) tanısı olan bireylerin beslenme okuryazarlığı ile öz etkililik ve diyabet öz bakım aktiviteleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma büyükşehir il merkezinde yer alan bir aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı T2DM tanısı olan 200 yetişkin ile Aralık 2018-Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Veri toplamada sosyodemografik ve sağlık özelliklerini içeren Bilgi Formu, Beslenme Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği, Öz Bakım Ölçeği ve Diyabet Öz Etkililik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde t-testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi, Ki-kare ve Fisher Exact ki-kare testleri uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak %95 güven aralığında p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların %65’i kadın, yaş ortalaması 52.9±9.34’dür. Bireylerin beslenme okuryazarlığı %74.5’inde yeterli, %24.9’unda sınırda, %2’sinde yetersizdir. Lise ve üniversite mezunlarında beslenme okuryazarlığı yeterli, ilkokul/ortaokul mezunlarında sınırlıdır (p<0.000). Bireylerin Özbakım ölçek puan ortalamaları 88.03±14.77, Öz-etkililik toplam ölçek puan ortalamaları 69.87±16.60’dır. Beslenme okuryazarlığı toplam ölçek puanları ile özbakım (p=0.001) ve özetkililik puanları (p=0.000) arasında ilişki saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları beslenme okuryazarlığı ile öz-etkililik ve öz bakım davranışları arasında ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Birinci basamaktan başlayarak sağlık ekibi üyelerinin bireylerin beslenme okuryazarlığı düzeylerini belirleyerek bireysel eğitimleri planlanmaları, beslenme okuryazarlığı düzeylerine göre eğitim materyallerini hazırlamaları ve eğitimlerde kullanmaları diyabetin etkin yönetimi için önemli uygulamalar olacaktır.

References

  • 1. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. [Internet]. 2013 [Erişim Tarihi 18 Ekim 2018]. Erişim adresi: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
  • 2. Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Hass LB, Hosey GB, Jensen B, et al. National standards for diabetes self management education. Diab Care. 2011;34:89-96.
  • 3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: A bridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2015;33(2):97-111.
  • 4. Mohammadi S, Karim NA, Talib RA, Amani R. The Impact of self efficacy education based on the health belief model in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled intervention study. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2018:27(3):546-55.
  • 5. Tosun A, Zincir H. The effect of a trans theoretical model based motivational ınterview on self efficacy, metabolic control, and health behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract. 2019;25(4):e12742.
  • 6. Velardo S. The Nuances of health literacy, nutrition literacy, and food literacy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2015;47(4):385-9.
  • 7. Cullen T, Hatch, J, Martin W, Higgins JW, Sheppard R. Food literacy: Definition and frame work foraction. Canadian J Diet Pract. 2015;76(3):140–5.
  • 8. Vidgen HA, Gallegos D. Defining food literacy and its components.Appetite. 2014;76:50-9.
  • 9. Aktaş N, Özdoğan Y. Gıda ve beslenme okuryazarlığı. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bil Derg. 2016;20(2):146-53.
  • 10. Nutbeam D. The evolving concept of health literacy. Social Sci Med. 2008;67:2072-8.
  • 11. Bohanny W, Wu SFV, Liu CY, Yeh SH, Tsay SL, Wang TJ. Health literacy, self efficacy, and self care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2013;25(9):495–502.
  • 12. Heide I, Van Der Uiters E, Rademakers J, Struijs JN, Schuit AJ, Baan CA. Associations among health literacy, diabetes knowledge and self management behavior in adults with diabetes: Results of a Dutch cross sectional study. J Health Commun. 2014;19:115-31.
  • 13. Souza JG, Apolinario D, Magaldi RM, Busse AL, Campora F, Jacob-Filho W. Functional health literacy and glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):e004180.
  • 14. Rachmawati U, Saha, J, Wati DNK.The Association of diabetes literacy with self-management among older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-Sectional study. BMC Nursing. 2019;18(1):1-8.
  • 15. Guo XM, Zhai X, Hou BR. Adequacy of health literacy and is effect on diabetes self-management: a meta-analysis. Aust J Prim Health. 2021;26(6):458-65.
  • 16. Aihara Y, Minai J. Barriers and catalysts of nutrition literacy among elderly japanese people. Health Promot Int. 2011;26:421-31.
  • 17. Krause CG, Beer-Borst S, Sommerhalder K, Hayoz S, Abel TA. Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults: Findings from a Swiss validation study. Appetite. 2018;120:275-80.
  • 18. Cesur B, Koçoğlu G, Sümer H. Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA) A validity and reliability study. Integr Food Nutr Metab. 2015;2(1):127-130.
  • 19. Çakır Arıca Ş, Güreş N, Arslan S. Tüketicilerin sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016;20(2):99-110.
  • 20. Özdenk GD, Özcebe LH. Bir üniversite çalışanlarının beslenme okuryazarlığı, beslenme davranışları ve ilişkili faktörler. Türkiye Halk Sağ Derg. 2018;16(3):178-89.
  • 21. Ayer Ç. Çivril Yöresindeki Adölesanlarda Beslenme Okuryazarlığının Mevcut Durumu Ve Etkileyen Faktörler [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Denizli. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü;2018.
  • 22. Sonkaya Z, Balcı E, Ayar A. Üniversite öğrencilerinin gıda okuryazarlığı ve gıda güvenliği konusunda bilgi, tutum ve davranışları “Amasya Üniversitesi Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu” Örneği. Türk Hij Den Biyol Dergisi. 2018;75(1):53-64.
  • 23. Wu SF, Huang YC, Lee MC, Wang TJ, Tung HH. Self efficacy, self care behavior, anxiety and depression in Taiwanese with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional survey. Nurs Health Sci. 2013;15(2):213-9.
  • 24. Lee NP, Fisher WP. Evaluation of the diabetes self care scale. J Applied Measurement. 2005;6 (4):366-81.
  • 25. Karakurt P. Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Öz Bakım Üzerine Etkisi [Doktora Tezi]. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2008.
  • 26. Van der Bijl JJ, Poelgeest-Eeltink AV, Shortridge-Baggett L. The psychometric properties of Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Adv Nurs. 1999;30:352-9.
  • 27. Kara M, Van Der Bijl JJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Astı T, Ergunay, S. Cross cultural adaptation of the diabetes management self efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Scale development. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43:611-21.
  • 28. Breen C, Ryan M, Gibney MJ, O'Shea D. Diabetes related nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes. Brit J Nutr. 2015;114(3):439-47.
  • 29. Zoellner JM, Hedrick VE, You W, Chen Y, Davy BM, Porter KJ, et al. Effects of a behavioral and health literacy intervention to reduce sugar sweetened beverages: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Physl Act. 2016;13(1):1-12.
  • 30. Abdullah A, Liew SM, Salim H, Chinna K. Prevalence of limited health literacy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review. Plo Sone. 2019;14(5),e0216402.
  • 31. Ünal E, Özdemir A. Sağlıklı yaşamda beslenme ve okuryazarlık. Fatma Eti Aslan, Fatma Deniz Sayıner, editörler. İçinde: Hemşirelik ve Ebelik. Ankara: Akademisyen Yayınevi;2018.
  • 32. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu [Internet]. 2019 [Erişim Tarihi 6 Aralık 2019]. Erişim adresi:http://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/20190819095854-2019tbl_kilavuzb48da47363.pdf
  • 33. Türkiye Diyabet Vakfı. Ulusal Diyabet Konsensus Grubu. Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. [Internet]. 2019 [Erişim Tarihi 6 Aralık 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.turkdiab.org/admin/PICS/files/Diyabet_Tani_ve_Tedavi_Rehberi_2019.pdf
  • 34. Alhaik S, Anshasi HA, Alkhawaldeh JF, Soh KL, Naji AM. An assessment of self care knowledge among patients with diabetes mellitus. diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Clin Res Rev. 2019;13(1):390-4.
  • 35. Uçakan GM, Zincir H, Zararsız G. Tip II diabetes mellituslu bireylerde benlik saygısı ve öz etkililik düzeyleri.Türkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2015;7(1):29-37.
  • 36. León-Landa EH, Orozco-Castillo L, Argüelles-Nava VG, Hernández-Barrera L, Luzanía-Valerio MS, Campos-Uscanga Y. Health literacy as a key factor in diet self care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Universidady Salud. 2019;21(2):132-140.
  • 37. Shin KS, Lee EH. Relationships of health literacy to self care behaviors in people with diabetes aged 60 and above: Empowerment as a mediator. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(10):2363-2372.
  • 38. Inoue M, Takahashi M, Kai I. Impact of communicative and critical health literacy on understanding of diabetes care and self efficacy in diabetes management. A cross sectional study of primary care in Japan. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14(1):40.
  • 39. Vandenbosch J, Van den Broucke S., Schinckus L, Schwarz P, Doyle G, Pelikan J, et al. The impact of health literacy on diabetes self management education. Health Educ J. 2018;77(3):349-362.
  • 40. Brzan PP, Rotman E, Pajnkihar M, Klanjsek. Mobile applications for control and self management of diabetes: A systematic review. J Med Systems. 2016;40(9):210.
  • 41. Veazie S, Winchell K, Gilbert J, Paynter R, Ivlev I, Eden K, et al. Mobile applications for self-management of diabetes. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(7):1167-1176.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ezgi Durak This is me 0000-0003-3363-722X

Medine Yılmaz This is me 0000-0001-9409-6282

Publication Date April 11, 2022
Submission Date May 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Durak E, Yılmaz M. Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus Tanılı Bireylerin Beslenme Okuryazarlığı ile Öz-Etkililik ve Diyabet Öz Bakım Aktiviteleri İlişkisi. JOHUFON. 2022;9(1):57-63.