The Investigation of the Factors Influencing Bone Mineral Density of Postmenopausal Women

Year 2007, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 12 - 25, 01.06.2007

Sena Kaplan Füsun Terzioğlu

Abstract

Background: Throughout the world, over 200 million people experience bones mineral density loss and approximately 40% of the affected people are women at the postmenopausal period. Because of the bone mineral losses women are at risk of bone fractures and they are subjected to medical treatment for long periods, which negatively affects their quality of life. Objective: This study was conducted for the purpose of determining some risk factors influencing the bone mineral density of women during the postmenopausal period. Method: The sample of the descriptive study is composed of 234 women who attended to the Menopause clinic of Ministry of Health Hospital in Ankara and whose femur neck and lumbar2-4 vertebra bone mineral density measurements were made. Data were collected by face to face interview using a data collection form. Results: In the study, statistically significant differences have been identified between the duration of menopause, prolongation of the lactation period, receive of hormone replacement therapy, current health problems and having a first degree relative diagnosed with osteoporosis and bone mineral density in femur neck and lumbar vertebrae2-4 (p

Keywords

Bone mineral density, postmenopausal osteoporosis, risk factors, and nursing

Postmenopozal Dönem Kadınların Kemik Mineral Yoğunluklarını Etkileyen Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Giriş: Dünyada, 200 milyonun üzerinde insan kemik mineral yoğunluğu kaybı yaşamakta ve etkilenen kişilerin yaklaşık olarak %40'ını postmenopozal dönemdeki kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Kemik Mineral yoğunluğu kayıplarına bağlı ortaya çıkan kırıklar sonucu, kadınlar uzun süre tıbbi tedavi almakta ve yaşam kaliteleri olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışma postmenopozal dönem kadınların kemik mineral yoğunluklarını etkileyen bazı risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, Sağlık Bakanlığı Ankara Araştırma ve Eğitim Hastanesinin menopoz polikliniğine başvuran femur boynu ve lomber 2-4 vertebra kemik mineral yoğunluğu ölçümleri yapılan 234 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama formu yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak araştırmacı tarafından toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada, menopoz süresi, uzamış laktasyon, hormon replasman tedavisi alma durumu, genel sağlık sorunu yaşama ve birinci derece akrabalarında osteoporoz bulunma durumu ile femur boyun ve lomber 2-4 vertebra kemik mineral yoğunluğu arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p

Keywords

Kemik mineral yoğunluğu, postmenopozal osteoporoz, risk faktörleri ve hemşirelik

References

• Gökçe Y, Atalay A, Arslan Ş, Başaran A, Cantürk F, Cindaş A, Eryavuz M, İrdesel J, Karadavut K, Kirazlı Y, Sindel D, Şenel K, Güler F & Yıldırım K. Awareness of osteoporotic patients, Osteoporos Int, 2005; 16: 128-133.
• Ofluoğlu D, Gunduz O, Bekiroğlu N, Panza E, Akyuz G. A methot for determining the grade of osteoporosis based on risk factors in postmenopausal women, Clin Rheumatol 2004; 24: 606-611.
• Brown JP & Josse RG (2002) Brown JP, Josse RG. (2002). 2002 Clinical practise guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ 167,1-34.
• Dormire S & Becker H. Menopause health decision support for women with physical disabilities. JOGNN 2007; 36(1); 97- 104.
• Gur A, Nas K, Kayhan Ö, Birol M, Akyuz, Sindal R, Öncel S et al. The relation between tooth loss and bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in Turkey: a multicenter study, J Bone Miner Metab 2003; 21: 43-47.
• Dursun N, Akın S, Dursun E, Sade I, Korkusuz F. Influence of duration of total breast-feeding on bone mineral density in a Turkish population: does the priority of risk factors differs from society to society, Osteoporos Int. 2006; 17: 651-655.
• Olson A. Osteoporosis, The Nurse Practitioner, 2007; 32(6) pp. 20-27.
• World Health Organisation (1998). Report of WHO Study Group. Guidelines for preclinical evaluation and clinical trials in osteoporosis. pp. 5-7.
• Nelson HD. Assessing benefits and harms of hormone therapy: Clinical applications. JAMA 2002; 288: 882-84.
• Hays J, Ockene JK, Brunner RL, Kotchen JM, Manson JE, Patterson RE, Aragaki AK, Shumaker SA, Brzyski RG, La Croix AZ, Granek IA & Valanis BG. Effects of estrogen plus progestion on health related quality of life. N. Engl. J Med 2003; 348: 1839-54
• Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings SR, Jackson RD, La Croix AZ, LeBoff M, Lewis CE, Mc Gowan J, Neuner J, Pettinger M, Stefan ML, Wactawski-Wende J & Watts NB. Women’s health initiative investigators. effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density : the womens health initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 3290: 1729-38.
• Aschenbrenner DS. HT Reconsidered. AJN 2004; 104: 51-3.
• Rohr Cl, Sarkar A, Barbar KR, Clements JN. Prevelance of prevention and treatment modilities used in populations are risk of osteoporosis, JOAO, 2004; 104(7) pp. 281-287.
• Johnell O. The socio-economic burden of fractures today and in the 21 st century. The American Journal of Medicine 1997; 103: 20-26.
• Ungan M. & Tümer M. Turkish women’s knowledge of osteoporosis. Family Practice, 2001; 18: 199203.
• Chen J, Shu Y, Wang T.F, Cheng S & Huang L. Konwledge about osteoporosis and its related factors among public health nurses in Taiwan. Osteoporosis Int 2005; 16: 2142- 2148.
• Chapurlat RD, Gamero P, Sornay Rendu E, Arlot ME et al. Longitudinal study of bone loss in pre-and perimenopausal women; evidence for bone loss in perimenopausal women, Osteoporosis Int. 2000; 11(6): 493-498.
• Demster DW & Lindsay R. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Lancet 1993; 341: 797-801.
• Thompson J., Modin G, Arnaud CD & Lane NE. Not all-postmenopausal women an chronic steroid and estrogen treatment are osteoporotic: predictors of bone mineral density. Calcified Tissue International 1997; 61: 377-381.
• Maxim P, Ettinger B & Spitainy G. Fracture protection provided by long term estrogen treatment. Osteoporosis International 1995; 5: 23-9.
• Seeman E & Cooper ME (1998). Effect of early menopause on bone mass in normal women and patients with osteoporosis. The American Journal of Medicine 1998; 85: 213-216.
• Ballard PA, Purdie DW, Langton CM, Steel SA & Mussurakis S. Prevalence of osteoporosis and related risk factors in UK women in the seventh decade: osteoporosis case finding by clinical referral criteria or predictive model? Osteoporosis International 1998; 8: 535-9.
• Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, Cauley J, Black D & Vogt TM. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. The New England Journal of Medicine 1995; 332: 767-773.
• Biberoglu KO, Yıldız A & Kandemir O. Bone mineral density in Turkish postmenopausal women. International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 1993; 41: 153-157.
• Doren M, Nilsson JA & Johnell O. Effects of specific post-menopausal hormone therapies on bone mineral density in post menopausal women:a meta analysis. Human Reproduction 2003; 18: 173746.
• Ettinger B, Grady D, Tosteson ANA, Pressman A & Macer JL. Effects of the Women’s Health Initiative on women’s decisions to discontinue postmenopausal hormone therapy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003; 102: 1225-32.
• Farag NH, Helesen RA, Parry BL, Loredo JS, Dimsdale JE & Mills PJ. Autonomic and cardiovascular function in postmenopausal women: the effects of estrogin versus combination therapy. American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology 2002; 186: 954-62
• Grimes DA & Lobo R (2002). Perspectives on the women’s health initiative trial of hormone replacement therapy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2002; 100: 1344-53.
• Kavuncu H (2000). Osteoporozda Genetik Yatkınlık ve Cinsiyet Faktörlerinin İncelenmesi, (Determination of Heredity and Gender Factors in Osteoporosis), Master of Science Thesis, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey.
• Guthrie J, Ebelling P & Dennerstein L. Risk factors for osteoporosis. Medscape Women’s Health 2000; 5: 25-29.
• Frost M, Blake M & Fogelman I. Quantitative ultrasoundand bone mineral density are equally strongly associated with risk factors for osteoporosis. The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2001; 16: 406-416.
• Checa MA, Rio DL, Rosales J, Nogues X, Vila J & Carreras R. Timing of follow up densitometry in hormone therapy users for optimal osteoporosis prevention. Osteoporosis International, Available at: http://www.springerlink.com/media/2GURM83QUR1YXGBJTE27/Contributions/8/8...Accessed: 18 January 2005
• Pernoll ML (1991). Current Obstetric & Gynaecologic Diagnosis & Treatment. 70th edition, Prentice Hall International Limited, London.