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Secondary Prevention in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Year 2005, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 84 - 96, 01.03.2005

Yrd.doç.dr. Zöhre Irmak Doç.dr. Hatice Fesci

Abstract

Recent studies on patients who had an acute myocardial infarction have shown that risk factors are decreased, atherosclerosis regressed, and re-infarction and mortality rates are reduced as a result of drug therapy in combination with the changes in the lifestyle. This treatment called as secondary prevention, requires a behavioral change in the lifestyle that includes stopping smoking, making healthy food choices, and increasing physical activity. Risk factors related with lifestyle, which should be under control are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and blood glucose level. Aspirin, lipid lowering drugs, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers can be used as prophylactic drugs. Nurse planned and managed secondary prevention programs are effective on changing lifestyle and decreasing risk factors.

Keywords

Acute myocardial infarction secondary prevention lifestyle risk factor nursing role

References

  • Libby P. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 15th, Braunwald E et.al. Editörler , vol.1 Graw-Hill Companies inc. 2001, s.1382-1386.
  • Rapaport E. Çeviren Z. Gereççi ve ark. Akut miyokard infarktüsünde ilaç tedavisi. Sendrom Ekim 1998;10(10): 102-111.
  • Neil HAV ve Roe L. Randomised trail of lipid lowering dietary advice in general practice: the effects on serum lipids, lipoproteıns, and antioxıdants. British Medical Journal 1995; 310(6979): 569-573.
  • Sebregts EHWJ, Falger PRJ, Bar FWHM. Risk mactor modification through nonpharmacological interventions in patients with coronary heart disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2000; 48: 425- 441.
  • Mayou R. Rehabilitation after heart attack. British Medical Journal 1996;313(7071):1498-1500.
  • Shehu V. Sigaranın yaptığı hastalıklar. Sigara ve Gençlik, İ. Barış,editör. Kültür Bakanlığı. Ankara 1997.
  • Meyers DG. Relative survival benefits of risk factor modifications. The Amercan Journal of Cardiology 1996; 77(1): 298-298.
  • Foreyt JP ve Poston II WSC Reducing rısk for cardiovascular disease. Psycohotherapy 1996; 33(4): 576- 586.
  • Chorzempa A ve Tabloski P. Post myocardial infarction treatment in older adult. The Nurse Practitioner 2001; 26(3): 36-51.
  • Mukamal KJ, Maclure M, Muller JE, Sherwood JB, Mittleman MA. Prior alcohol consumption and mortality following acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2001; 285(15): 1965-1970.
  • Allison TG, Squıres RW, Johnson BD, Gau GT. Achieving national cholesterol education program goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cardiac patients: importance of diet, exercise, weight control, and drug therapy. Mayo Clin. Proc.1999; 74: 466-473.
  • Grundy SM. Cholesterol management in the era of managed care. The American Journal of Cardiology 2000; 85(10): 3A-9A.
  • Erdinçler DS ve Akan P. Yaşlıda hiperlipidemi. Sendrom mayıs1998; s. 41-46.
  • Ades PA. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 345(12): 892-902.
  • Backer G. Evidence-based secondary prevention after myocardiol infarction. Acta Clinica Belgica 1999; 54(5): 293-298.
  • McCarney R, Shapley M, Goodwin R, Croft P. The introducion of a routine monitoring system in primary care for patients with a first episode of cardiovascular disease. Journal of Advenced Nursing 2000; 31(6): 1376-1382.
  • Mehta RH ve Eagle KA. Secondary prevention in acute myocardial İnfarction. BMJ 1998; 316: 838-842.
  • Smith SC. The challenge of risk reduction therapy for cardiovascular disease. American Family Physician 1997; 55(2): 491-501.
  • Jolly K, Bradley F, Sharp S, Smith H, Thompson S, Kinmonth AL, Mant D for The SHIP Collaborative Group. Randomised controlled trial of follow up care in general practice of patients with myocardial infarction and angina: Final results of the Southampton heart integrated care. BMJ 1999; 318: 706-711.
  • Muhlestein JB. Post- hospitalization management of high-risk coronary patients. Am. J. Cardiol. 2000; 85: 13B-20B.
  • Aish AE ve Isenberg M. Effects Of Orem –based nursing intervention on nutritional self-care of myocardial infarction patients. İnt Nurs. Stud. 1996; 33 (3): 259-269. 22.
  • Prescot E, Hippe M, Schnohr P, Hein HO, Vestbo J. Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in
  • women and men: longitudinal population study. BMJ 1998; 316:1043-1047.
  • Figueredo VM. Çevirenler Z.Gereççi ve B. Taşcı. Alkolün kalp üzerindeki etkileri. Sendrom kasım 1997; 9(11): 59-65.
  • Baysal A. Diyetin koroner kalp hastalığının ilerlemesinin durdurulması ve iyileştirilmesi üzerine etkisi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 1997; 26(1): 1-4.
  • Baysal A, Bozkurt N, Pekcan G, Besler T, Aksoy M, Merdol TK, Keçecioğlu S, Mercangil SM. Diyet El Kitabı. Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, Yenilenmiş 3. baskı, Ankara 1999. 26.
  • Baysal A. Diyet posası ve sağlık, III. uluslararası beslenme ve diyetetik kongresi kitabı, Hacettepe
  • Üniversitesi, 12-15 Nisan 2000;s. 60-65.
  • Niebauer J. Hambrecht R, Velich T, Hauer K, Marburger C, Kalberer B, Weiss C, Hodenberg E Schlierf G, Schuler G, Zimmermann R, Kübler W. Attenuated progression of coronary artery disease after 6 years of multifactorial risk intervention. Circulation 1997; 96: 2534-2541. 28.
  • Djanmohammedi RA, Sansoy V, Yiğit Z, Gürmen T, Gülbaran M, Öztürk S, Güzelsoy D. Koroner arter
  • hastalarında sekonder korumanın etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi.Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği 2001; 28: 216-224.
  • Thomas TS. İmproving care with nurse case managers: practical aspects of designing lipid clinics. Am. J. Cardiol.1997; 80(88): 62H-65H.
  • Baysal A. Sağlıklı beslenme ve akdeniz diyeti. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 1996; 25(1): 21-29.
  • Schuler G, Hambrecht R, Schlierf G, Niebauer J, Hauer K, Neumann J,Hoberg E., Drinkmann A, Bacher F, Grunze M, Kübler W. Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet. Circulation 1992; 86(1): 1-11.
  • Fonarow GC ve Gawlinski A. Rationale and design of the cardiac hospitalization atherosclerosis management program at the University of California Los Angeles. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 85: 10A-17A.
  • Howard G, Wagenknecht LE, Burke GL, Diez-Roux A, Ewans GW, Mcgovern P, Nieto J, Tell GS. Cigarette smoking and progression of atherosclerosis. JAMA 1998; 279(2): 119-124. 34.
  • Britton A ve McKee M. The relation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe:
  • explaining the paradox. J. Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54: 328-332.
  • Dougherty CM, Spertus JA, Dewhurst TA, Nichol WP. Outpatient nursing case management for cardio vascular disease. Nursing Clinics of North America 2000; 25(4): 993-1003.
  • Moore SM, Ruland CM, Pashkow FJ, Blackburn GG. Women’s patterns of exercise following cardiac rehabilitation. Nursing Research 1998; 47(6): 318-324.
  • Baker F, Ainsworth SR, Dye JT,Grammer C, Thun MJ, Hoffmann D, Repace JL, Heningfield JE, Slade J, Pinney J, Shanks Burns DM, Connolly GN, Shopland DR. Health Risks Associated With Cigar Smoking. JAMA 2000; 284(6): 735-739.
  • Campbell NC, Thain J, Deans HG, Ritchie LD, Rawles JM . Secondary prevention in coronary heart disease: baseline survey of provision in general practice. BMJ,1998a;316 (9):1430- 1433.
  • Hare LD ve Bunnker SJ. Cardiac rehabilitation and secodary prevention. MJA 1999;171:433-439. 40.
  • Pradka LR Lipids and theır role in coronary heat disease. Nursing Clinic of North America 2000; 35(4): 981-991.
  • Sansoy V (1999). Koroner arter hastalığında optimal tedavi. 1. Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi Antalya ,3-7 kasım,s. 39-40.
  • Berkel V, TFM, Boersma H, De Baquer D, Deckers JW, Wood D. On Behalf of The EUROASPIRE Study Group. Registration and management of smoking behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease. European Heart Journal 1999; 20: 1630-1637.
  • Lahdenpera TS ve Kyngas HA. Levels of complians showm by hypertensive patients and their attitude toward their ilness. Journal of Advenced Nursing 2001; 34(2): 189-195.
  • LaBresh KA,Owen P, Alteri C, Reilly S, Albright PS, Hordes AR, Shaftel PA, Noonan TE, Stoukides CA, Kaul AF. Secondary prevention in a cardiology group practice and hospital setting after a heart–care initiative. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 5: 23A-29A.
  • Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Gıovannuccı EL, Manson JE, Kawachı I, Hunter DJ, Hankınson SE, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Spızer FE, Wıllett WC. Alcohol consumption and mortality among women. The New England Journal Of Medicine 1995; 332(19): 1245-1250.
  • Klatsky AI. Should patients with heart disease drink alcohol?. JAMA 2001; 285(15): 2004-2005.
  • Onat A, Keleş İ, Çetinkaya A, Başar Ö, Yıldırım B, Erer B, Ceyhan K, Eryonucu B, Sansoy V. On yıllık TEKHARF çalışması verilerine göre Türk erişkinlerinde koroner kökenli ölüm ve olayların prevalansı yüksek. Türk Kardiyol Dern. Arş. 2001; 29: 8-19. 48.
  • Braun L ve Rosenso RS. Assessing coronary heart disease risk and managing lipids. Nurse Practitioner 2001; 26(12): 30
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği: Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Koroner Arter Hastalığına Yaklaşım ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.1999. http://www.tkd.org.tr/ kilavuz/k06.htm?wbnm=1300.Erişim tarihi:3 Aralık 2004.
  • Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM. Diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, atherosclerotic risk factors,and prevalence of coronary heart disease. The American Journal of Cardiology 2000; 86 (1): 897-902.
  • Pradka LR. Lipids-how low do you go: plaque regression and passivation. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2000; 15(1): 43-53.
  • Carlsson R, Lindberg G, Westin L, Israelsson B. Influence of coronary nursing management follow up on lifestyle after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1997; 77: 256-259.
  • Akgün G. Koroner arter hastalığında tedavinin optimizasyonu, 1. Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongre Kitabı. Antalya, 3-7 Kasım 1999; s. 36-38.
  • Stokes HC. Education and training towards competency for cardiac rehabilitation nurses in the United Kingdom. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2000; 9(3): 411-450.
  • Wright FL, Wiles RA, Moher M. Patiens ‘and practice nurses’ percepcitions of secondary preventive care for establıshed..., Journal of Clinical Nursing 2001; 10(2): 180-189. 56.
  • DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko R, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT, Berger III WE, Haller
  • RS, Rompf J, Gee D, Kraemer HC, Bandura A, Ghandour G, Clark M, Shah RV, Fisher L, Taylor B. A
  • case–management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann
  • İntern Med 1994; 120: 721-729.
  • Lisspers J, Hoffman-Bang C, Nordlander R, Ryden L, Sundin Ö, Öhman A, Nygren A. Multifactorial evaluation of a program for lifestyle behavior change in rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Scand Cardivasc J. 1998; 33: 9-16
  • Campbell NC,Thain J, Deans HG, Ritche LD, Rawles JM, Squar JL. Secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease: randomised trial of effect on health. BMJ 1998b; 316: 1434-1437.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği: Akut Miyokard İnfarktüsünde Tedavi Kılavuzu, Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği, Boehringer İngelheim ilaç Tic.A.Ş., İstanbul 1998.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği: Koroner Kalp Hastalığı Korunma ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.2002. http:/ www.tkd.org.tr/ kilavuz/k11/4.htm?wbnm=1604.Erişim tarihi:3 Aralık 2004

Akut Miyokard İnfarktüsünde Sekonder Koruma

Year 2005, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 84 - 96, 01.03.2005

Yrd.doç.dr. Zöhre Irmak Doç.dr. Hatice Fesci

Abstract

Akut miyokard infarktüsü geçiren hastalarda son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda yaşam tarzı değişikliği ve ilaç tedavisinin birlikte kullanılması sonucu risk faktörlerin azaldığı, aterosklerozisin gerilediği, yeni bir infarktüs ve ölüm oranının azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Sekonder koruma olarak adlandırılan bu tedavide yaşam tarzında yapılması gereken davranış değişikliği; sigarayı bırakmak, sağlıklı yeme alışkanlığını geliştirmek ve fiziksel aktiviteyi arttırmaktır. Yaşam tarzı ile ilişkili olan ve kontrol edilmesi gereken risk faktörleri; hipertansiyon, hiperkolesterolemi, obesite ve kan glukozudur. Kullanılabilecek proflaktik ilaçlar ise; aspirin, lipid düşürücü ilaçlar, ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme - anjiyotensin çevirici enzim) inhibitörleri ve betablokerlerdir. Hemşirelerin planlayıp uyguladığı sekonder koruma programları hastaların yaşam tarzının değiştirilmesinde ve risk faktörlerinin azaltılmasında önemlidir.

Keywords

Akut miyokard infarktüsü sekonder koruma yaşam tarzı risk faktörü hemşirelik rolleri

References

  • Libby P. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 15th, Braunwald E et.al. Editörler , vol.1 Graw-Hill Companies inc. 2001, s.1382-1386.
  • Rapaport E. Çeviren Z. Gereççi ve ark. Akut miyokard infarktüsünde ilaç tedavisi. Sendrom Ekim 1998;10(10): 102-111.
  • Neil HAV ve Roe L. Randomised trail of lipid lowering dietary advice in general practice: the effects on serum lipids, lipoproteıns, and antioxıdants. British Medical Journal 1995; 310(6979): 569-573.
  • Sebregts EHWJ, Falger PRJ, Bar FWHM. Risk mactor modification through nonpharmacological interventions in patients with coronary heart disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2000; 48: 425- 441.
  • Mayou R. Rehabilitation after heart attack. British Medical Journal 1996;313(7071):1498-1500.
  • Shehu V. Sigaranın yaptığı hastalıklar. Sigara ve Gençlik, İ. Barış,editör. Kültür Bakanlığı. Ankara 1997.
  • Meyers DG. Relative survival benefits of risk factor modifications. The Amercan Journal of Cardiology 1996; 77(1): 298-298.
  • Foreyt JP ve Poston II WSC Reducing rısk for cardiovascular disease. Psycohotherapy 1996; 33(4): 576- 586.
  • Chorzempa A ve Tabloski P. Post myocardial infarction treatment in older adult. The Nurse Practitioner 2001; 26(3): 36-51.
  • Mukamal KJ, Maclure M, Muller JE, Sherwood JB, Mittleman MA. Prior alcohol consumption and mortality following acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2001; 285(15): 1965-1970.
  • Allison TG, Squıres RW, Johnson BD, Gau GT. Achieving national cholesterol education program goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cardiac patients: importance of diet, exercise, weight control, and drug therapy. Mayo Clin. Proc.1999; 74: 466-473.
  • Grundy SM. Cholesterol management in the era of managed care. The American Journal of Cardiology 2000; 85(10): 3A-9A.
  • Erdinçler DS ve Akan P. Yaşlıda hiperlipidemi. Sendrom mayıs1998; s. 41-46.
  • Ades PA. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 345(12): 892-902.
  • Backer G. Evidence-based secondary prevention after myocardiol infarction. Acta Clinica Belgica 1999; 54(5): 293-298.
  • McCarney R, Shapley M, Goodwin R, Croft P. The introducion of a routine monitoring system in primary care for patients with a first episode of cardiovascular disease. Journal of Advenced Nursing 2000; 31(6): 1376-1382.
  • Mehta RH ve Eagle KA. Secondary prevention in acute myocardial İnfarction. BMJ 1998; 316: 838-842.
  • Smith SC. The challenge of risk reduction therapy for cardiovascular disease. American Family Physician 1997; 55(2): 491-501.
  • Jolly K, Bradley F, Sharp S, Smith H, Thompson S, Kinmonth AL, Mant D for The SHIP Collaborative Group. Randomised controlled trial of follow up care in general practice of patients with myocardial infarction and angina: Final results of the Southampton heart integrated care. BMJ 1999; 318: 706-711.
  • Muhlestein JB. Post- hospitalization management of high-risk coronary patients. Am. J. Cardiol. 2000; 85: 13B-20B.
  • Aish AE ve Isenberg M. Effects Of Orem –based nursing intervention on nutritional self-care of myocardial infarction patients. İnt Nurs. Stud. 1996; 33 (3): 259-269. 22.
  • Prescot E, Hippe M, Schnohr P, Hein HO, Vestbo J. Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in
  • women and men: longitudinal population study. BMJ 1998; 316:1043-1047.
  • Figueredo VM. Çevirenler Z.Gereççi ve B. Taşcı. Alkolün kalp üzerindeki etkileri. Sendrom kasım 1997; 9(11): 59-65.
  • Baysal A. Diyetin koroner kalp hastalığının ilerlemesinin durdurulması ve iyileştirilmesi üzerine etkisi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 1997; 26(1): 1-4.
  • Baysal A, Bozkurt N, Pekcan G, Besler T, Aksoy M, Merdol TK, Keçecioğlu S, Mercangil SM. Diyet El Kitabı. Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, Yenilenmiş 3. baskı, Ankara 1999. 26.
  • Baysal A. Diyet posası ve sağlık, III. uluslararası beslenme ve diyetetik kongresi kitabı, Hacettepe
  • Üniversitesi, 12-15 Nisan 2000;s. 60-65.
  • Niebauer J. Hambrecht R, Velich T, Hauer K, Marburger C, Kalberer B, Weiss C, Hodenberg E Schlierf G, Schuler G, Zimmermann R, Kübler W. Attenuated progression of coronary artery disease after 6 years of multifactorial risk intervention. Circulation 1997; 96: 2534-2541. 28.
  • Djanmohammedi RA, Sansoy V, Yiğit Z, Gürmen T, Gülbaran M, Öztürk S, Güzelsoy D. Koroner arter
  • hastalarında sekonder korumanın etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi.Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği 2001; 28: 216-224.
  • Thomas TS. İmproving care with nurse case managers: practical aspects of designing lipid clinics. Am. J. Cardiol.1997; 80(88): 62H-65H.
  • Baysal A. Sağlıklı beslenme ve akdeniz diyeti. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 1996; 25(1): 21-29.
  • Schuler G, Hambrecht R, Schlierf G, Niebauer J, Hauer K, Neumann J,Hoberg E., Drinkmann A, Bacher F, Grunze M, Kübler W. Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet. Circulation 1992; 86(1): 1-11.
  • Fonarow GC ve Gawlinski A. Rationale and design of the cardiac hospitalization atherosclerosis management program at the University of California Los Angeles. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 85: 10A-17A.
  • Howard G, Wagenknecht LE, Burke GL, Diez-Roux A, Ewans GW, Mcgovern P, Nieto J, Tell GS. Cigarette smoking and progression of atherosclerosis. JAMA 1998; 279(2): 119-124. 34.
  • Britton A ve McKee M. The relation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe:
  • explaining the paradox. J. Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54: 328-332.
  • Dougherty CM, Spertus JA, Dewhurst TA, Nichol WP. Outpatient nursing case management for cardio vascular disease. Nursing Clinics of North America 2000; 25(4): 993-1003.
  • Moore SM, Ruland CM, Pashkow FJ, Blackburn GG. Women’s patterns of exercise following cardiac rehabilitation. Nursing Research 1998; 47(6): 318-324.
  • Baker F, Ainsworth SR, Dye JT,Grammer C, Thun MJ, Hoffmann D, Repace JL, Heningfield JE, Slade J, Pinney J, Shanks Burns DM, Connolly GN, Shopland DR. Health Risks Associated With Cigar Smoking. JAMA 2000; 284(6): 735-739.
  • Campbell NC, Thain J, Deans HG, Ritchie LD, Rawles JM . Secondary prevention in coronary heart disease: baseline survey of provision in general practice. BMJ,1998a;316 (9):1430- 1433.
  • Hare LD ve Bunnker SJ. Cardiac rehabilitation and secodary prevention. MJA 1999;171:433-439. 40.
  • Pradka LR Lipids and theır role in coronary heat disease. Nursing Clinic of North America 2000; 35(4): 981-991.
  • Sansoy V (1999). Koroner arter hastalığında optimal tedavi. 1. Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi Antalya ,3-7 kasım,s. 39-40.
  • Berkel V, TFM, Boersma H, De Baquer D, Deckers JW, Wood D. On Behalf of The EUROASPIRE Study Group. Registration and management of smoking behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease. European Heart Journal 1999; 20: 1630-1637.
  • Lahdenpera TS ve Kyngas HA. Levels of complians showm by hypertensive patients and their attitude toward their ilness. Journal of Advenced Nursing 2001; 34(2): 189-195.
  • LaBresh KA,Owen P, Alteri C, Reilly S, Albright PS, Hordes AR, Shaftel PA, Noonan TE, Stoukides CA, Kaul AF. Secondary prevention in a cardiology group practice and hospital setting after a heart–care initiative. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 5: 23A-29A.
  • Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Gıovannuccı EL, Manson JE, Kawachı I, Hunter DJ, Hankınson SE, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Spızer FE, Wıllett WC. Alcohol consumption and mortality among women. The New England Journal Of Medicine 1995; 332(19): 1245-1250.
  • Klatsky AI. Should patients with heart disease drink alcohol?. JAMA 2001; 285(15): 2004-2005.
  • Onat A, Keleş İ, Çetinkaya A, Başar Ö, Yıldırım B, Erer B, Ceyhan K, Eryonucu B, Sansoy V. On yıllık TEKHARF çalışması verilerine göre Türk erişkinlerinde koroner kökenli ölüm ve olayların prevalansı yüksek. Türk Kardiyol Dern. Arş. 2001; 29: 8-19. 48.
  • Braun L ve Rosenso RS. Assessing coronary heart disease risk and managing lipids. Nurse Practitioner 2001; 26(12): 30
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği: Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Koroner Arter Hastalığına Yaklaşım ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.1999. http://www.tkd.org.tr/ kilavuz/k06.htm?wbnm=1300.Erişim tarihi:3 Aralık 2004.
  • Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM. Diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, atherosclerotic risk factors,and prevalence of coronary heart disease. The American Journal of Cardiology 2000; 86 (1): 897-902.
  • Pradka LR. Lipids-how low do you go: plaque regression and passivation. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2000; 15(1): 43-53.
  • Carlsson R, Lindberg G, Westin L, Israelsson B. Influence of coronary nursing management follow up on lifestyle after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1997; 77: 256-259.
  • Akgün G. Koroner arter hastalığında tedavinin optimizasyonu, 1. Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongre Kitabı. Antalya, 3-7 Kasım 1999; s. 36-38.
  • Stokes HC. Education and training towards competency for cardiac rehabilitation nurses in the United Kingdom. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2000; 9(3): 411-450.
  • Wright FL, Wiles RA, Moher M. Patiens ‘and practice nurses’ percepcitions of secondary preventive care for establıshed..., Journal of Clinical Nursing 2001; 10(2): 180-189. 56.
  • DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko R, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT, Berger III WE, Haller
  • RS, Rompf J, Gee D, Kraemer HC, Bandura A, Ghandour G, Clark M, Shah RV, Fisher L, Taylor B. A
  • case–management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann
  • İntern Med 1994; 120: 721-729.
  • Lisspers J, Hoffman-Bang C, Nordlander R, Ryden L, Sundin Ö, Öhman A, Nygren A. Multifactorial evaluation of a program for lifestyle behavior change in rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Scand Cardivasc J. 1998; 33: 9-16
  • Campbell NC,Thain J, Deans HG, Ritche LD, Rawles JM, Squar JL. Secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease: randomised trial of effect on health. BMJ 1998b; 316: 1434-1437.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği: Akut Miyokard İnfarktüsünde Tedavi Kılavuzu, Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği, Boehringer İngelheim ilaç Tic.A.Ş., İstanbul 1998.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği: Koroner Kalp Hastalığı Korunma ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.2002. http:/ www.tkd.org.tr/ kilavuz/k11/4.htm?wbnm=1604.Erişim tarihi:3 Aralık 2004
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yrd.doç.dr. Zöhre Irmak This is me

Doç.dr. Hatice Fesci This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2005
Submission Date July 29, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Irmak YZ, Fesci DH. Akut Miyokard İnfarktüsünde Sekonder Koruma. JOHUFON. 2005;12(1):84-96.