Research Article
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Examining the Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Pregnancy Distress in Pregnant Women

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 201 - 206, 28.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1429600

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between pregnant women's spiritual well-being levels and their pregnancy-related stress.
Material and Methods: The sample of the descriptive and correlational study consisted of 250 pregnant women aged 18 years and over with the 12th week of pregnancy and above who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic of a Training and Research Hospital between November 2020 and April 2021 and who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical program was used to evaluate the data.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.5±5.3 years. It was determined that 39.6% of the pregnant women were secondary school graduates, 72% had planned pregnancies, 31.6% were primiparous and 60% were in the third trimester. A statistically significant, negative, and weak relationship was found between the spiritual well-being levels of pregnant women and pregnancy-related stress (r=-0.33, p≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, the spiritual well-being of pregnant women was determined to be high, and pregnancy-related stress was found to be low. However, it was found that as the spiritual well-being of pregnant women increased, their pregnancy-related stress decreased.

References

  • 1. Sis Çelik A, Atasever İ. Gebelerde algılanan stres düzeylerinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi (Determination of The Level of Perceived Stress and Affecting Factors in Pregnant Women). Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2020;23(2):267-76.
  • 2. Yaylaoğlu Ö, Zengin N. Gebelerde doğum korkusu ve spiritüel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı bir çalışma (Investigation of the Relationship Between Fear of Birth and Spiritual Wellness in Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study). Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 2023;8(1): 57-64.
  • 3. Rafati F, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Dastyar N. Pilevarzadeh M, Mehralizadeh A. Relationship between the psychological distress and spiritual well-being in pregnant women exposed to domestic violence: A cross-sectional study in Iran. J Relig Health. 2023;62(5):3252-66.
  • 4. Bilgiç, G, Çıtak Bilgin N. Relationship between fear of childbirth and psychological and spiritual well-being in pregnant women. J Relig Health. 2021;60(1):295-310.
  • 5. Rabiepour S, Etesami E. Analyzing the relationship between spiritual well-being and fear of childbirth in pregnant women. Health Spiritual Med Ethics. 2022;9(3):133-44.
  • 6. Abdollahpour S, Khosravi A. Relationship between spiritual intelligence with happiness and fear of childbirth in Iranian pregnant women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2018;23(1): 45–50.
  • 7. Baltacı N, Başer, M. Anxiety, Prenatal attachment and nurses’ role in risky pregnancies. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty. 2020;13(3):206-12.
  • 8. Beji KN, Aydın Özkan S. Physiological/psychological changes seen during pregnancy. Kızılkaya Beji N, editor. Women's Health and Diseases. Istanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi; 2017.
  • 9. Sotudeh T, Hasanpoor-Azghady SB, Amiri-Farahani L. Relationship between religious coping, pain severity, and childbirth self-efficacy in Iranian primipara women. Obstet Gynecol Int J. 2022:2338683.
  • 10. Rabiepoor S, Sadeghi E, Sayyadi H. Spiritual health and physical activity among Iranian pregnant women. J Relig Health. 2019;58(2):506–15.
  • 11. Zahrani ST, Rafiei EH, Hajian S, Majd HA, Izadi A. The Correlation between Spiritual Health and Maternal-Fetal Attachment Behaviors in Pregnant Women Referring to the Health Centers in Qazvin, Iran; Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2020;8(1):84-91.
  • 12. Chaar EA, Hallit S, Hajj A, Aaraj R, Kattan J, Jabbour H. et. al. Evaluating the impact of spirituality on the quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with cancer: an observational transversal study. Support Care Cancer. 2018;268(26):2581–90.
  • 13. Rafat F, Rezaie-Chamani S, Rahnavardi M, Khalesi ZB. The relationship between spiritual health and health-promoting lifestyle among students. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019;33(4).
  • 14. Bagheri SHS, Dehghan M, Alavi SH, Iranmanesh S, Khoshab H. Burst out of the dead land by the help of spirituality: A case study of living with blindness and cancer. J Relig Health. 2017;56(3):896–906.
  • 15. Garssen B, Visser A, Pool G. Does spirituality or religion positively affect mental health? Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Psychol Relig. 2021;31(1):4-20.
  • 16. Nikfarjam M, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Khoshdel A, Asmand P, Ganji F. Comparison of spiritual well-being and social health among the students attending group and individual religious rites. World Family Medicine. 2017;15(8):160-65.
  • 17. Pirutinsky S, Cherniak AD, Rosmarin DH. COVID-19, mental health, and religious coping among American Orthodox Jews. J Relig Health. 2020;59(5): 2288–301.
  • 18. Prazeres F, Passos L, Simões JA, Pedro Simões P, Martins C, Teixeira, A. COVID-19-related fear and anxiety: Spiritual-Religious coping in healthcare workers in Portugal. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;18(1):220.
  • 19. Piccinini CRP, Almeida VC, Ezequiel OS, Fajardo EFM, Lucchetti ALG, Lucchetti G. Religiosity/spirituality and mental health and quality of life of early pregnant women. J Relig Health. 2021;60(3):1908-23.
  • 20. Polat F, Karasu F, Yıldız M. The effect of religious attitudes on anxiety and psychological well-being in risky pregnancies: A cross-sectional study from Turkey. J Relig Health. 2022;61:2992–3010.
  • 21. Chehrazi M, Faramarzi M, Abdollahi S, Esfandiari M, Shafie rizi S. Health promotion behaviours of pregnant women and spiritual well-being: Mediatory role of pregnancy stress, anxiety and coping ways. Nurs Open. 2021;8:3558-65.
  • 22. Doğrul, E., Alan Dikmen H. Gebelerde eş desteğinin annelik rolü, beden algısı ve distres düzeyi ile ilişkisi: Tanımlayıcı bir çalışma (The relationship of spousal support with maternal perception, perceived body image, and distress levels in women with pregnancy: A descriptive study). Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi. 2023;4(2):163-75.
  • 23. Ekşi H, Kardaş S. Spiritual well-being: Scale development and validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling. 2017;2(1):73-88.
  • 24. Pop VJ, Pommer AM, Pop-Purceleanu M, Wijnen HA, Berging V, Pouwer F. Development of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale: The TPDS. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011;11:80-87.
  • 25. Çapık A, Pasınlıoglu T. Validity and reliability study of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale into Turkish. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2015;22(4):260-9.
  • 26. Chirico F. Spiritual well-being in the 21st century: It is time to review the current WHO’s health definition. J.Health Soc Sci. 2016;1(1):1-16.
  • 27. Dehestani, H, Moshfeghy Z, Ghodrati F, Akbarzadeh, M. The relationship of spiritual health and mother’s forgiveness with her anxiety in the labor of the pregnant women. Int. J. Women's Health Reprod. Sci. 2019;7(2):174-9.
  • 28. Matud MP, López-Curbelo M, Fortes D. Gender and psychological well-being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(19), 3531.
  • 29. Bakır N, Irmak Vural P, Demir C. Relationship of depression, anxiety and stress levels with religious coping strategies among Turkish pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Relig Health. 2021;60(5):3379-93.
  • 30. Vitorino LM, Chiaradia R, Low G, Cruz JP, Pargament KI, Lucchetti AL. et. al. Association of spiritual/religious coping with depressive symptoms in high-and low-risk pregnant women. J. Clin. Nurs. 2018;27(3-4):e635–42.
  • 31. Sanaeinasab H, Saffari M, Sheykh-Oliya Z, Khalaji K, Laluie A, Al Zaben F. et. al. A spiritual intervention to reduce stress, anxiety and depression in pregnant women: randomized controlled trial. Health Care Women Int. 2021;42(12):1340-57.
  • 32. Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Dilgony T, Shams J, Zaeri F. The structural model of spirituality and psychological well-being for pregnancy-specific stress. J Relig Health. 2017;56(6):2267-75.
  • 33. Lucero SM, Pargament KI, Mahoney A, DeMaris A. Links between religious and spiritual coping and adjustment among fathers and mothers during first pregnancy. J. Reprod. Infant Psychol. 2013;31(3):309-22.

Gebe Kadınlarda Spiritüel İyi Oluş ve Gebelik Distresi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 201 - 206, 28.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1429600

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma gebelerin spiritüel iyilik oluş düzeyleri ile gebeliğe bağlı stresleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı araştırmanın örneklemini Kasım 2020-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 18 yaş ve üzerindeki gebeliğinin 12. hafta ve üzerinde gebelik haftasındaki 250 gebe kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği (SİOÖ) ve Tilburg Gebelikte Distres Ölçeği (TGDÖ) toplanarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) istatistik programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 26.5±5.3 yıldır. Gebelerin %39.6'sının ortaokul mezunu olduğu, %72'sinin planlı gebelik yaşadığı, %31.6'sının primipar olduğu ve %60'ının 3. trimesterde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin spiritüel iyi oluş düzeyleri ile gebeliğe bağlı stresleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, negative yönde ve zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r=-0.33, p≤ 0.001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada gebelerin spiritüel iyilik halleri yüksek, gebeliğe bağlı stresleri ise düşük olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, gebelerin spiritüel iyilik halleri arttıkça gebelik ile ilişkili streslerinin azaldığı bulunmuştur.

References

  • 1. Sis Çelik A, Atasever İ. Gebelerde algılanan stres düzeylerinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi (Determination of The Level of Perceived Stress and Affecting Factors in Pregnant Women). Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2020;23(2):267-76.
  • 2. Yaylaoğlu Ö, Zengin N. Gebelerde doğum korkusu ve spiritüel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı bir çalışma (Investigation of the Relationship Between Fear of Birth and Spiritual Wellness in Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study). Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 2023;8(1): 57-64.
  • 3. Rafati F, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Dastyar N. Pilevarzadeh M, Mehralizadeh A. Relationship between the psychological distress and spiritual well-being in pregnant women exposed to domestic violence: A cross-sectional study in Iran. J Relig Health. 2023;62(5):3252-66.
  • 4. Bilgiç, G, Çıtak Bilgin N. Relationship between fear of childbirth and psychological and spiritual well-being in pregnant women. J Relig Health. 2021;60(1):295-310.
  • 5. Rabiepour S, Etesami E. Analyzing the relationship between spiritual well-being and fear of childbirth in pregnant women. Health Spiritual Med Ethics. 2022;9(3):133-44.
  • 6. Abdollahpour S, Khosravi A. Relationship between spiritual intelligence with happiness and fear of childbirth in Iranian pregnant women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2018;23(1): 45–50.
  • 7. Baltacı N, Başer, M. Anxiety, Prenatal attachment and nurses’ role in risky pregnancies. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty. 2020;13(3):206-12.
  • 8. Beji KN, Aydın Özkan S. Physiological/psychological changes seen during pregnancy. Kızılkaya Beji N, editor. Women's Health and Diseases. Istanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi; 2017.
  • 9. Sotudeh T, Hasanpoor-Azghady SB, Amiri-Farahani L. Relationship between religious coping, pain severity, and childbirth self-efficacy in Iranian primipara women. Obstet Gynecol Int J. 2022:2338683.
  • 10. Rabiepoor S, Sadeghi E, Sayyadi H. Spiritual health and physical activity among Iranian pregnant women. J Relig Health. 2019;58(2):506–15.
  • 11. Zahrani ST, Rafiei EH, Hajian S, Majd HA, Izadi A. The Correlation between Spiritual Health and Maternal-Fetal Attachment Behaviors in Pregnant Women Referring to the Health Centers in Qazvin, Iran; Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2020;8(1):84-91.
  • 12. Chaar EA, Hallit S, Hajj A, Aaraj R, Kattan J, Jabbour H. et. al. Evaluating the impact of spirituality on the quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with cancer: an observational transversal study. Support Care Cancer. 2018;268(26):2581–90.
  • 13. Rafat F, Rezaie-Chamani S, Rahnavardi M, Khalesi ZB. The relationship between spiritual health and health-promoting lifestyle among students. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019;33(4).
  • 14. Bagheri SHS, Dehghan M, Alavi SH, Iranmanesh S, Khoshab H. Burst out of the dead land by the help of spirituality: A case study of living with blindness and cancer. J Relig Health. 2017;56(3):896–906.
  • 15. Garssen B, Visser A, Pool G. Does spirituality or religion positively affect mental health? Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Psychol Relig. 2021;31(1):4-20.
  • 16. Nikfarjam M, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Khoshdel A, Asmand P, Ganji F. Comparison of spiritual well-being and social health among the students attending group and individual religious rites. World Family Medicine. 2017;15(8):160-65.
  • 17. Pirutinsky S, Cherniak AD, Rosmarin DH. COVID-19, mental health, and religious coping among American Orthodox Jews. J Relig Health. 2020;59(5): 2288–301.
  • 18. Prazeres F, Passos L, Simões JA, Pedro Simões P, Martins C, Teixeira, A. COVID-19-related fear and anxiety: Spiritual-Religious coping in healthcare workers in Portugal. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;18(1):220.
  • 19. Piccinini CRP, Almeida VC, Ezequiel OS, Fajardo EFM, Lucchetti ALG, Lucchetti G. Religiosity/spirituality and mental health and quality of life of early pregnant women. J Relig Health. 2021;60(3):1908-23.
  • 20. Polat F, Karasu F, Yıldız M. The effect of religious attitudes on anxiety and psychological well-being in risky pregnancies: A cross-sectional study from Turkey. J Relig Health. 2022;61:2992–3010.
  • 21. Chehrazi M, Faramarzi M, Abdollahi S, Esfandiari M, Shafie rizi S. Health promotion behaviours of pregnant women and spiritual well-being: Mediatory role of pregnancy stress, anxiety and coping ways. Nurs Open. 2021;8:3558-65.
  • 22. Doğrul, E., Alan Dikmen H. Gebelerde eş desteğinin annelik rolü, beden algısı ve distres düzeyi ile ilişkisi: Tanımlayıcı bir çalışma (The relationship of spousal support with maternal perception, perceived body image, and distress levels in women with pregnancy: A descriptive study). Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi. 2023;4(2):163-75.
  • 23. Ekşi H, Kardaş S. Spiritual well-being: Scale development and validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling. 2017;2(1):73-88.
  • 24. Pop VJ, Pommer AM, Pop-Purceleanu M, Wijnen HA, Berging V, Pouwer F. Development of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale: The TPDS. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011;11:80-87.
  • 25. Çapık A, Pasınlıoglu T. Validity and reliability study of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale into Turkish. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2015;22(4):260-9.
  • 26. Chirico F. Spiritual well-being in the 21st century: It is time to review the current WHO’s health definition. J.Health Soc Sci. 2016;1(1):1-16.
  • 27. Dehestani, H, Moshfeghy Z, Ghodrati F, Akbarzadeh, M. The relationship of spiritual health and mother’s forgiveness with her anxiety in the labor of the pregnant women. Int. J. Women's Health Reprod. Sci. 2019;7(2):174-9.
  • 28. Matud MP, López-Curbelo M, Fortes D. Gender and psychological well-being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(19), 3531.
  • 29. Bakır N, Irmak Vural P, Demir C. Relationship of depression, anxiety and stress levels with religious coping strategies among Turkish pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Relig Health. 2021;60(5):3379-93.
  • 30. Vitorino LM, Chiaradia R, Low G, Cruz JP, Pargament KI, Lucchetti AL. et. al. Association of spiritual/religious coping with depressive symptoms in high-and low-risk pregnant women. J. Clin. Nurs. 2018;27(3-4):e635–42.
  • 31. Sanaeinasab H, Saffari M, Sheykh-Oliya Z, Khalaji K, Laluie A, Al Zaben F. et. al. A spiritual intervention to reduce stress, anxiety and depression in pregnant women: randomized controlled trial. Health Care Women Int. 2021;42(12):1340-57.
  • 32. Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Dilgony T, Shams J, Zaeri F. The structural model of spirituality and psychological well-being for pregnancy-specific stress. J Relig Health. 2017;56(6):2267-75.
  • 33. Lucero SM, Pargament KI, Mahoney A, DeMaris A. Links between religious and spiritual coping and adjustment among fathers and mothers during first pregnancy. J. Reprod. Infant Psychol. 2013;31(3):309-22.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychosocial Aspects of Childbirth and Perinatal Mental Health, Obstetrics and Gynocology Nursing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlknur Gökşin 0000-0002-1125-2161

Zekiye Soykan Sert 0000-0003-1496-3732

Publication Date October 28, 2024
Submission Date January 31, 2024
Acceptance Date July 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Gökşin İ, Soykan Sert Z. Examining the Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Pregnancy Distress in Pregnant Women. JOHUFON. 2024;11(3):201-6.