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DETERMINANTS OF REGIONAL FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN TURKEY

Year 2017, , 83 - 102, 29.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.340705

Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out the determinants of female regional
labour force participation in Turkey. To that end, the spatial panel regression
models are estimated for the period of 2008-2013 by using the macro data set of
26 NUTS-2 regions. The empirical results suggest that the determinants are
education, marital status, youth dependency ratio, migration and unemployment
rate. In addition to these findings, our study has two other contributions.
Firstly, it is detected that there is a spatial dependence among the regions.
In other words, it is discovered that labour force participation rate in a
region is also affected by that of other regions. Secondly, the spillover
effects of the explanatory variables are also estimated. Hereby, the impacts of
the factors, which determine labour force participation rate in a region, both
on that region and neighbouring regions, are obtained individually.

References

  • Anselin, L. (1988), Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models, Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  • Anselin, L. (2002), “Under the Hood Issues in the Specification and in the Interpretation of Spatial Regression Model”, Agricultural Economics, 27, 247–267.
  • Anselin, L. (2005), Exploring Spatial Data with GEODATM: A Workbook. Available at www.csiss.org/clearinghouse/GeoDa/geodaworkbook.pdf
  • Anselin, L., A. Bera (1998), “Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models with an Application to Spatial Econometrics”. içinde: Ullah A., D.E.A Giles (eds.) Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics, Berlin: Springer.
  • Anselin, L., D.A. Griffith (1988), “Do Spatial Effects Really Matter In Regression Analysis?”, Papers in Regional Science, 65(1), 11–34.
  • Cain, G.G. (1966), Labor Force Participation of Married Women, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Çatalbaş, G.K. (2015), “Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımını Belirleyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı”, KAÜ İİBF Dergisi, 6(10), 249-280.
  • Dayıoğlu, M., M.G. Kırdar (2010), Determinants of and Trends in Labor Force Participation of Women in Turkey, State Planning Organization of the Republic of Turkey and World Bank, Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work Program, Working Paper, No.5, Ankara.
  • Dietz, R.D. (2002), “The Estimation of Neighborhood Effects in the Social Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Approach”, Social Science Research, 31(4), 539–575.
  • Doğrul, G. (2008), “2001 Krizi Sonrasında Türkiye’de Kentsel Alanlarda Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 245-276.
  • DPT (2006), Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı - 2007-2013, Ankara: DPT.
  • DPT ve World Bank (2009), Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı: Eğilimler, Belirleyici Faktörler ve Politika Çerçevesi, Rapor No: 48508-TR, Ankara.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (1996), “Regional Labour Market Research on Participation Rates”, Tijdschrift voor Economische Geografie [Journal of Economic and Social Geography], 87, 209–221.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2008), “A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Aggregate Labour Force Behaviour by Sex and Age Across The European Union”, Journal of Geographical Systems,10(2), 167-190.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2010), “MATLAB Software for Spatial Panels”. https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/15643137/Matlab_paper.pdf
  • Elhorst, J.P., A.S. Zeilstra (2007), “Labour Force Participation Rates at the Regional and National Levels of the European Union: An Integrated Analysis”, Papers in Regional Sciences, 86(4), 525-549.
  • Er, Ş. (2013), “Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılım Oranını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Bölgesel Analizi”, Öneri Dergisi, 10(40), 35-44.
  • Gustafsson S., R. Jacobsson (1985), “Trends in Female Labor-Force Participation in Sweden”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 256-274.
  • İlkkaracan, İ. (2012), Why so Few Women in the Labor Market in Turkey?”, Feminist Economics, 18(1), 1-37
  • İnce, M., M.H. Demir (2006), “The Determinants of Female Labor Force: Empirical Evidence from Turkey”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 71-90.
  • Juhn C., S. Potter (2006), “Changes in Labor Force Participation in the United States”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 27-46.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), Onuncu Kalkınma Planı 2014-2018, Ankara: Kalkınma Bakanlığı.
  • Kapsos, S., A. Silberman, E. Bourmpoula (2014), “Why is Female Labour Force Participation Declining So Sharply in India?”, ILO Research Papers, No. 10, ILO Publishing.
  • Karaoğlan, D., C. Ökten (2012) “Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Turkey: Is There an Added or a Discouraged Worker Effect?”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6616, Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor, Kılıç, D., S. Öztürk (2014), “Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı Önündeki Engeller ve Çözüm Yolları: Bir Ampirik Uygulama”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 47(1), 107-130.
  • Kızılgöl, Ö.A. (2012), “Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13(1), 88-101.
  • Killingworth, M.R., J.J. Heckman (1986), “Female Labor Supply: A Survey” iç. O. Ashenfelter ve R. Laynard (Eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Kinoshita, Y., F. Guo (2015), “What Can Boost Female Labor Force Participation in Asia?”, IMF Working Paper Series, No. 15/56.
  • Klasen, S., J. Pieters (2012), “Push or Pull? Drivers of Female Labor Force Participation during India's Economic Boom”, IZA Discussion Paper No. 6395, Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.
  • Leenders, RThAJ (2002), “Modelling Social Influence through Network Autocorrelation: Constructing the Weight Matrix”, Social Networks, 24(1), 21–47.
  • LeSage, J.P., R.K. Pace (2009), Introduction to Spatial Econometrics, Boca Raton, Taylor and Francis. Lim, J.Y. (2000), “The Effects of the East Asian Crisis on the Employment of Women and Men: The Philippine case”, World Development, 28(7), 1285-1306.
  • Liu, A., I. Noback (2011), “Determinants of Regional Female Labour Market Participation in the Netherlands: A Spatial Structural Equation Modelling Approach”, The Annals of Regional Sciences, 47(3), 641-658.
  • Michael R.T. (1985), “Consequences of the Rise in Female Labor-Force Participation Rates– Questions and Probes”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 117-146.
  • Mincer, J. (1962), Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply, İçinde: Aspects of Labor Economics”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press.
  • Moulton, B.R. (1990), “An illustration of a Pitfall in Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Variables on Micro Units”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 72, 334–338.
  • Özer, M., K. Biçerli (2003), “Türkiye’de Kadın İşgücünün Panel Veri Analizi”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1), 55-85.
  • Prieto-Rodríguez, J., C. Rodríguez-Guitiérrez (2003), “Participation of Married Women in the European Labor Markets and the Added Worker Effect”, Journal of Socio-Economics, 32(4), 429–446.
  • Psacharopoulos, G., Z. Tzannatos (1993), “Economic and Demographic Effects on Working Women in Latin America”, Journal of Population Economics, 6(4), 293-315.
  • Rahman, R.I., R. Islam (2013), “Female Labour Force Participation in Bangladesh: Trends, Drivers and Barriers”, ILO Asia - Pacific Working Paper Series, ILO Publishing.
  • Shimada, H., Y. Higuchi (1985), “An Analysis of Trends in Female Labor-Force Participation in Japan”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 355-374.
  • Sorsa, P.,J. Mares, M. Didier, C. Guimaraes, M. Rabate, G. Tang, A. Tuske (2015), “Determinants of the Low Female Labour Force Participation in India”, Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1207, OECD Publishing.
  • Sprague, A. (1994), “Work Experience, Earnings and Participation: Evidence From the Women and Employment Survey”, Applied Economics, 26, 659-667.
  • Tansel, A. (2002), “Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Time-Series Evidence and Cross-Province Estimates”, ERC Working Papers in Economics, No. 01/05.
  • Taymaz, E. (2010), “Growth, Employment, Skills and Female Labor Force”, SPO and World Bank, Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work, Working Paper, No. 2. Ankara.
  • Thévenon, O. (2013), “Drivers of Female Labour Force Participation Rate in the OECD”, OECD Social Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 145, OECD Publishing.
  • TUİK(2015) , İşgücü İstatistikleri, www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Uraz, A., M. Aran, M. Hüsamoğlu, D.O. Şanalmış, S. Çapar (2010), “Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımında Son Dönemde Gözlenen Eğilimler”, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı ve Dünya Bankası Refah ve Sosyal Politika Analitik Çalışma Programı, Çalışma Raporu, No. 2. Ankara.
  • Vlasblom, J.D., J.J. Schippers (2004), “Increases in Female Labour Force Participation in Europe: Similarities and Differences”, European Journal of Population, 20(4), 375-392.
  • World Bank (1993), Turkey: Women in Development. Washington, D.C.
  • World Bank (2015), World Development Indicators 2015, Washington DC.: World Bank Publications.
  • Yamak, R., Z. Abdioğlu, N. Mert (2012), “Türkiye’de İşgücüne Katılımı Belirleyen Faktörler: Mikro Ekonomik Analiz”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 41-58.

TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Year 2017, , 83 - 102, 29.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.340705

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada Türkiye’de kadınların bölgesel işgücüne katılımını belirleyen
unsurların tespit edilmesi amaç- lanmıştır. Bu amaçla, İBBS-2 düzeyinde 26
bölgeye ait (makro) verilerle 2008-2013 dönemi için mekânsal panel regresyon
modelleri tahminlenmiştir. Yapılan ampirik testler sonucunda kadınların
bölgesel işgücüne katılımını belirleyen faktörlerin, eğitim, medeni durum,
ebeveyne bağımlı çocuk oranı, göç ve işsizlik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara
ek olarak iki önemli bulgu daha elde edilmiştir. Bunlardan ilki, bölgeler
arasında bir mekânsal bağımlılığın tespit edilmiş olmasıdır. Bu, bir bölgedeki
kadınların işgücüne katılımının komşu bölgelerdeki katılım oranlarından da
etkilendiğini anlamına gelmektedir. İkinci bulgu ise, bölgesel işgücüne
katılımı belirleyen faktörlerin dolaylı etkilerinin (yayılma etkilerinin)
ampirik olarak belirlenmiş olmasıdır. Böylelikle, bir bölgede kadınların
işgücüne katılımını belirleyen unsurların, hem o bölgenin hem de komşu
bölgelerin katılım oranları üzerindeki etkileri ayrı ayrı tespit edilmiştir

References

  • Anselin, L. (1988), Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models, Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  • Anselin, L. (2002), “Under the Hood Issues in the Specification and in the Interpretation of Spatial Regression Model”, Agricultural Economics, 27, 247–267.
  • Anselin, L. (2005), Exploring Spatial Data with GEODATM: A Workbook. Available at www.csiss.org/clearinghouse/GeoDa/geodaworkbook.pdf
  • Anselin, L., A. Bera (1998), “Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models with an Application to Spatial Econometrics”. içinde: Ullah A., D.E.A Giles (eds.) Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics, Berlin: Springer.
  • Anselin, L., D.A. Griffith (1988), “Do Spatial Effects Really Matter In Regression Analysis?”, Papers in Regional Science, 65(1), 11–34.
  • Cain, G.G. (1966), Labor Force Participation of Married Women, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Çatalbaş, G.K. (2015), “Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımını Belirleyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı”, KAÜ İİBF Dergisi, 6(10), 249-280.
  • Dayıoğlu, M., M.G. Kırdar (2010), Determinants of and Trends in Labor Force Participation of Women in Turkey, State Planning Organization of the Republic of Turkey and World Bank, Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work Program, Working Paper, No.5, Ankara.
  • Dietz, R.D. (2002), “The Estimation of Neighborhood Effects in the Social Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Approach”, Social Science Research, 31(4), 539–575.
  • Doğrul, G. (2008), “2001 Krizi Sonrasında Türkiye’de Kentsel Alanlarda Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 245-276.
  • DPT (2006), Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı - 2007-2013, Ankara: DPT.
  • DPT ve World Bank (2009), Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı: Eğilimler, Belirleyici Faktörler ve Politika Çerçevesi, Rapor No: 48508-TR, Ankara.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (1996), “Regional Labour Market Research on Participation Rates”, Tijdschrift voor Economische Geografie [Journal of Economic and Social Geography], 87, 209–221.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2008), “A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Aggregate Labour Force Behaviour by Sex and Age Across The European Union”, Journal of Geographical Systems,10(2), 167-190.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2010), “MATLAB Software for Spatial Panels”. https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/15643137/Matlab_paper.pdf
  • Elhorst, J.P., A.S. Zeilstra (2007), “Labour Force Participation Rates at the Regional and National Levels of the European Union: An Integrated Analysis”, Papers in Regional Sciences, 86(4), 525-549.
  • Er, Ş. (2013), “Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılım Oranını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Bölgesel Analizi”, Öneri Dergisi, 10(40), 35-44.
  • Gustafsson S., R. Jacobsson (1985), “Trends in Female Labor-Force Participation in Sweden”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 256-274.
  • İlkkaracan, İ. (2012), Why so Few Women in the Labor Market in Turkey?”, Feminist Economics, 18(1), 1-37
  • İnce, M., M.H. Demir (2006), “The Determinants of Female Labor Force: Empirical Evidence from Turkey”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 71-90.
  • Juhn C., S. Potter (2006), “Changes in Labor Force Participation in the United States”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 27-46.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), Onuncu Kalkınma Planı 2014-2018, Ankara: Kalkınma Bakanlığı.
  • Kapsos, S., A. Silberman, E. Bourmpoula (2014), “Why is Female Labour Force Participation Declining So Sharply in India?”, ILO Research Papers, No. 10, ILO Publishing.
  • Karaoğlan, D., C. Ökten (2012) “Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Turkey: Is There an Added or a Discouraged Worker Effect?”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6616, Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor, Kılıç, D., S. Öztürk (2014), “Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı Önündeki Engeller ve Çözüm Yolları: Bir Ampirik Uygulama”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 47(1), 107-130.
  • Kızılgöl, Ö.A. (2012), “Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13(1), 88-101.
  • Killingworth, M.R., J.J. Heckman (1986), “Female Labor Supply: A Survey” iç. O. Ashenfelter ve R. Laynard (Eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Kinoshita, Y., F. Guo (2015), “What Can Boost Female Labor Force Participation in Asia?”, IMF Working Paper Series, No. 15/56.
  • Klasen, S., J. Pieters (2012), “Push or Pull? Drivers of Female Labor Force Participation during India's Economic Boom”, IZA Discussion Paper No. 6395, Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.
  • Leenders, RThAJ (2002), “Modelling Social Influence through Network Autocorrelation: Constructing the Weight Matrix”, Social Networks, 24(1), 21–47.
  • LeSage, J.P., R.K. Pace (2009), Introduction to Spatial Econometrics, Boca Raton, Taylor and Francis. Lim, J.Y. (2000), “The Effects of the East Asian Crisis on the Employment of Women and Men: The Philippine case”, World Development, 28(7), 1285-1306.
  • Liu, A., I. Noback (2011), “Determinants of Regional Female Labour Market Participation in the Netherlands: A Spatial Structural Equation Modelling Approach”, The Annals of Regional Sciences, 47(3), 641-658.
  • Michael R.T. (1985), “Consequences of the Rise in Female Labor-Force Participation Rates– Questions and Probes”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 117-146.
  • Mincer, J. (1962), Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply, İçinde: Aspects of Labor Economics”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press.
  • Moulton, B.R. (1990), “An illustration of a Pitfall in Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Variables on Micro Units”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 72, 334–338.
  • Özer, M., K. Biçerli (2003), “Türkiye’de Kadın İşgücünün Panel Veri Analizi”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1), 55-85.
  • Prieto-Rodríguez, J., C. Rodríguez-Guitiérrez (2003), “Participation of Married Women in the European Labor Markets and the Added Worker Effect”, Journal of Socio-Economics, 32(4), 429–446.
  • Psacharopoulos, G., Z. Tzannatos (1993), “Economic and Demographic Effects on Working Women in Latin America”, Journal of Population Economics, 6(4), 293-315.
  • Rahman, R.I., R. Islam (2013), “Female Labour Force Participation in Bangladesh: Trends, Drivers and Barriers”, ILO Asia - Pacific Working Paper Series, ILO Publishing.
  • Shimada, H., Y. Higuchi (1985), “An Analysis of Trends in Female Labor-Force Participation in Japan”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), 355-374.
  • Sorsa, P.,J. Mares, M. Didier, C. Guimaraes, M. Rabate, G. Tang, A. Tuske (2015), “Determinants of the Low Female Labour Force Participation in India”, Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1207, OECD Publishing.
  • Sprague, A. (1994), “Work Experience, Earnings and Participation: Evidence From the Women and Employment Survey”, Applied Economics, 26, 659-667.
  • Tansel, A. (2002), “Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Time-Series Evidence and Cross-Province Estimates”, ERC Working Papers in Economics, No. 01/05.
  • Taymaz, E. (2010), “Growth, Employment, Skills and Female Labor Force”, SPO and World Bank, Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work, Working Paper, No. 2. Ankara.
  • Thévenon, O. (2013), “Drivers of Female Labour Force Participation Rate in the OECD”, OECD Social Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 145, OECD Publishing.
  • TUİK(2015) , İşgücü İstatistikleri, www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Uraz, A., M. Aran, M. Hüsamoğlu, D.O. Şanalmış, S. Çapar (2010), “Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımında Son Dönemde Gözlenen Eğilimler”, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı ve Dünya Bankası Refah ve Sosyal Politika Analitik Çalışma Programı, Çalışma Raporu, No. 2. Ankara.
  • Vlasblom, J.D., J.J. Schippers (2004), “Increases in Female Labour Force Participation in Europe: Similarities and Differences”, European Journal of Population, 20(4), 375-392.
  • World Bank (1993), Turkey: Women in Development. Washington, D.C.
  • World Bank (2015), World Development Indicators 2015, Washington DC.: World Bank Publications.
  • Yamak, R., Z. Abdioğlu, N. Mert (2012), “Türkiye’de İşgücüne Katılımı Belirleyen Faktörler: Mikro Ekonomik Analiz”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 41-58.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Güçlü

Publication Date September 29, 2017
Submission Date September 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

APA Güçlü, M. (2017). TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(3), 83-102. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.340705
AMA Güçlü M. TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. September 2017;35(3):83-102. doi:10.17065/huniibf.340705
Chicago Güçlü, Mehmet. “TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 35, no. 3 (September 2017): 83-102. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.340705.
EndNote Güçlü M (September 1, 2017) TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 35 3 83–102.
IEEE M. Güçlü, “TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 83–102, 2017, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.340705.
ISNAD Güçlü, Mehmet. “TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 35/3 (September 2017), 83-102. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.340705.
JAMA Güçlü M. TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;35:83–102.
MLA Güçlü, Mehmet. “TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 35, no. 3, 2017, pp. 83-102, doi:10.17065/huniibf.340705.
Vancouver Güçlü M. TÜRKİYE’DE KADINLARIN BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;35(3):83-102.

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