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EĞİTİMDE CİNSİYET FARKININ KAPATILMASI MI, ERKEK BASKINLIĞININ KALDIRILMASI MI? KUZEY KIBRIS’TA MESLEKİ CİNSİYET AYRIŞMASI

Year 2019, , 89 - 110, 27.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.345011

Abstract



Yapmış olduğumuz
çalışma 2004-2014 yılları arasında Kuzey Kıbrıs emek piyasasındaki kadının
işgücüne düşük katılımının sebebinin kısıtlı talep kökenli olup olmadığı araştırmaktadır.
Bu amaçla mesleki cinsiyet ayrışması ölçümü ve sebepleri ortaya çıkarılmak için
Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi verileri kullanılarak 9 ana mesleki grup için analiz
edilmiştir. Amaç, Kuzey Kıbrıs emek piyasasındaki mesleki ayrışmanın
büyüklüğünü, zaman içerisindeki değişimini ve bu değişimin kaynaklarını
araştırmaktır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ilgili zaman dilimi içerisinde mesleki
ayrışmanın yüksek ve yaygın olduğunu sebebinin ise net ayrışmadan, yani
bireysel meslekler içindeki kadın erkek oranında meydana gelen değişmeden,
kaynaklandığını ortaya koymuştur.
 Ayrışma indeksinin kaynaklarını ortaya
koyabilmek için beşeri sermaye ve feminist teorilerin ileri sürmüş olduğu
açıklamalardan yararlanılmış, devam eden süre içerisindeki, özellikle ekonomik
ve kültürel yapı incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda,
  kısıtlı talepten dolayı kadının meslek
grupları arasında hareketinin kısıtlandığı ve bunun da işgücüne katılımını
olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.



References

  • Akerlof, G.A., R.E. Kranton (2000), “Economics and Identity”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 715-753.
  • Aldemir, Ö. (2002), Causes and the Results of Occupational Segregation in the TRNC Labour Market, Unpublisehed Master Thesis, Famagusta, North Cyprus: Eastern Mediterranean University Library.
  • Aldemir, Ö. (2004), Gender-Based Horizontal and Vertical Occupational Segregation in ‘Northern Cyprus’, Nicosia: Turkish Cypriot Association of University Women.
  • Becker, G.S. (1964), Human Capital, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Besim, M., G. Jenkins (2006), Informal but Not Insignificant: Unregistered Workers in North Cyprus, Kingston: Queen's University.
  • Besim, M., T. Ekici, F. Güven-Lisaniler (2015), “Labour Market Experience in a ‘Pseudo-Home’ Country: Turkish Immigrants in Northern Cyprus”, Turkish Studies, 1-20.
  • Blackburn, R.M. (2011), “The Measurement of Occupational Segregation and its Component Dimensions”, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(3), 175-198.
  • Blau, F.D., W. Hendrics (1979), “Occupational Segregation by Sex: Trends and Prospects”, Journal of Human Resources, 14(2), 197-210.
  • Busch, A., E. Holst (2011), Gender-Specific Occupational Segregation.Glass Ceiling Effects. and Earnings in Managerial Positions: Results of a Fixed Effects Model, Berlin: DIW.
  • European Commission (2014), Report on Progress on Equity between Women and Men in 2013, Brussels: European Commission.
  • Delphy, C. (1984), Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women's Oppression (translated and edited by Diana Leonard), London: Hutchinson.
  • Duncan, O.D., B. Duncan (1955), “A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes”, American Sociological Reviews, 20(2), 207-217.
  • Fuchs, V. (1975), “A note on Sex Segregation in Professional Occupations”, Economic Research, 2(1), 105-111.
  • Güven-Lisaniler, F. (2003), Assessing the Status of Women: A Step Towards Equality, Nicosia: Turkish Cypriot Association of University Women.
  • Güven-Lisaniler, F. (2010), “Contemporary developments in the labour market dynamics of north Cyprus: Exploring Gender Segmentation”, in B.N. Ghosh, Global Governance. Labour Market Dynamics and Social Change (pp. 127-156), London: Wisdom House.
  • Güven-Lisaniler, F., S. Uğural (2001), “Occupational segregation: The Position of Women on the North Cyprus Labour Market”, Kadın/Women 2000, 117-121.
  • Hartmann, H. (1976), “Capitalism. Patriarchy and Job Segregation by Sex”, Signs, 1(3). Women and the Workplace: The Implications of Occupational Segregation, 137-169.
  • ILO (2018), International Standard of Classification of Occupations (ISCO), Internaional Labour Organization. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco88/publ4.htm
  • KAYAD (2010), Kıbrıs’ın Kuzey Kesimindeki Kadınların Profili, Association of Women to Support Living, North Cyprus: KAYAD.
  • Mincer, J. (1966), “Labour Force Participation and Unemployment: A Review of Recent Evidence”, in R.A. Gordon. & M. Gordon. Prosperity and Unemployment (pp. 73-112). New York: Wiley.
  • Mincer, J., S. Polachek (1974), “Women's Earnings Reexamined”, Journal of Human Resources, 13(1), 118-134.
  • OECD (2004), Female Labour Force Participation: Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries, OECD Economics Department.
  • Perrons, D. (2005), “Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Equality in the New (Market) Economy: An Analysis of Contradictions”, Social Politics, 12(3), 389-411.
  • Polachek, S. (1975), “Potential bias in measuring male-female discrimination”, The Journal of Human Resources, 10(2), 205-229.
  • Polachek, S. (1981), “Occupational Self-Selection: A Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 63(1), 60-69.
  • Sousa S.C. (2003), Occupational Segregation and Female Labor Force Participation in Southern Europe, Florence and Minho: European University Institute, Department of Economics in University of Minho.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization (2011), The Final Results of TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census, Nicosia: State Planning Organization.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization (2014), Economic and Social Indicators, Nicosia: State Planning Organization.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization (2014), Household Employment Surveys Summary Reports. Nicosia: State Planning Organization.
  • Swanson, P.A. (2003), “The Persistance of Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace”, International Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(7), 39-44.
  • UNDP (1995), Human Development Report 1995, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Walby, S. (1986), Patriarchy at Work: Patriarchal and Capitalist Relations in Employment, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Walby, S. (1990), Theorizing Patriarchy, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
  • World-Bank (2013), Labor Force Participation Rate, Fmale (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate).

CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS

Year 2019, , 89 - 110, 27.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.345011

Abstract




This
study examines if the low rate of labour force participation of women is the
result of demand constraint which creates gender based occupational segregation
in north Cyprus labour market between years 2004-2014. Standardized D-index is
used to calculate the level of segregation and to decompose and identify the
effect of the changes in the occupational structure of the labour force and the
effect of the changes in the gender composition within the occupations on
segregation index by employing the data collected from (ISCO-88 one-digit)
Household Labour Force Surveys (HLFS) (2004-2014) for nine broad occupational
categories.
 
The purpose is to expand the
body of research on the extent, trends and sources of occupational gender
segregation in the north Cyprus. The results indicate that over the investigated
period occupational gender segregation is salient and persistent. It is found
that the main source of the changes in segregation index is the shifts in
gender composition within occupations. For the investigation of the source of
the segregation index the explanations of human capital and feminist theories
and the ongoing processes, in particular economic and social, that might have
influences on gender segregation are employed.
       As
a result it is confirmed that demand constraint in north Cyprus leads to low
labour force participation of women through gender based occupational
segregation.




References

  • Akerlof, G.A., R.E. Kranton (2000), “Economics and Identity”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 715-753.
  • Aldemir, Ö. (2002), Causes and the Results of Occupational Segregation in the TRNC Labour Market, Unpublisehed Master Thesis, Famagusta, North Cyprus: Eastern Mediterranean University Library.
  • Aldemir, Ö. (2004), Gender-Based Horizontal and Vertical Occupational Segregation in ‘Northern Cyprus’, Nicosia: Turkish Cypriot Association of University Women.
  • Becker, G.S. (1964), Human Capital, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Besim, M., G. Jenkins (2006), Informal but Not Insignificant: Unregistered Workers in North Cyprus, Kingston: Queen's University.
  • Besim, M., T. Ekici, F. Güven-Lisaniler (2015), “Labour Market Experience in a ‘Pseudo-Home’ Country: Turkish Immigrants in Northern Cyprus”, Turkish Studies, 1-20.
  • Blackburn, R.M. (2011), “The Measurement of Occupational Segregation and its Component Dimensions”, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(3), 175-198.
  • Blau, F.D., W. Hendrics (1979), “Occupational Segregation by Sex: Trends and Prospects”, Journal of Human Resources, 14(2), 197-210.
  • Busch, A., E. Holst (2011), Gender-Specific Occupational Segregation.Glass Ceiling Effects. and Earnings in Managerial Positions: Results of a Fixed Effects Model, Berlin: DIW.
  • European Commission (2014), Report on Progress on Equity between Women and Men in 2013, Brussels: European Commission.
  • Delphy, C. (1984), Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women's Oppression (translated and edited by Diana Leonard), London: Hutchinson.
  • Duncan, O.D., B. Duncan (1955), “A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes”, American Sociological Reviews, 20(2), 207-217.
  • Fuchs, V. (1975), “A note on Sex Segregation in Professional Occupations”, Economic Research, 2(1), 105-111.
  • Güven-Lisaniler, F. (2003), Assessing the Status of Women: A Step Towards Equality, Nicosia: Turkish Cypriot Association of University Women.
  • Güven-Lisaniler, F. (2010), “Contemporary developments in the labour market dynamics of north Cyprus: Exploring Gender Segmentation”, in B.N. Ghosh, Global Governance. Labour Market Dynamics and Social Change (pp. 127-156), London: Wisdom House.
  • Güven-Lisaniler, F., S. Uğural (2001), “Occupational segregation: The Position of Women on the North Cyprus Labour Market”, Kadın/Women 2000, 117-121.
  • Hartmann, H. (1976), “Capitalism. Patriarchy and Job Segregation by Sex”, Signs, 1(3). Women and the Workplace: The Implications of Occupational Segregation, 137-169.
  • ILO (2018), International Standard of Classification of Occupations (ISCO), Internaional Labour Organization. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco88/publ4.htm
  • KAYAD (2010), Kıbrıs’ın Kuzey Kesimindeki Kadınların Profili, Association of Women to Support Living, North Cyprus: KAYAD.
  • Mincer, J. (1966), “Labour Force Participation and Unemployment: A Review of Recent Evidence”, in R.A. Gordon. & M. Gordon. Prosperity and Unemployment (pp. 73-112). New York: Wiley.
  • Mincer, J., S. Polachek (1974), “Women's Earnings Reexamined”, Journal of Human Resources, 13(1), 118-134.
  • OECD (2004), Female Labour Force Participation: Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries, OECD Economics Department.
  • Perrons, D. (2005), “Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Equality in the New (Market) Economy: An Analysis of Contradictions”, Social Politics, 12(3), 389-411.
  • Polachek, S. (1975), “Potential bias in measuring male-female discrimination”, The Journal of Human Resources, 10(2), 205-229.
  • Polachek, S. (1981), “Occupational Self-Selection: A Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 63(1), 60-69.
  • Sousa S.C. (2003), Occupational Segregation and Female Labor Force Participation in Southern Europe, Florence and Minho: European University Institute, Department of Economics in University of Minho.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization (2011), The Final Results of TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census, Nicosia: State Planning Organization.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization (2014), Economic and Social Indicators, Nicosia: State Planning Organization.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization (2014), Household Employment Surveys Summary Reports. Nicosia: State Planning Organization.
  • Swanson, P.A. (2003), “The Persistance of Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace”, International Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(7), 39-44.
  • UNDP (1995), Human Development Report 1995, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Walby, S. (1986), Patriarchy at Work: Patriarchal and Capitalist Relations in Employment, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Walby, S. (1990), Theorizing Patriarchy, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
  • World-Bank (2013), Labor Force Participation Rate, Fmale (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate).
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Demet Beton Kalmaz

Fatma Güven Lisaniler

Publication Date March 27, 2019
Submission Date October 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Beton Kalmaz, D., & Güven Lisaniler, F. (2019). CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.345011
AMA Beton Kalmaz D, Güven Lisaniler F. CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. March 2019;37(1):89-110. doi:10.17065/huniibf.345011
Chicago Beton Kalmaz, Demet, and Fatma Güven Lisaniler. “CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 37, no. 1 (March 2019): 89-110. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.345011.
EndNote Beton Kalmaz D, Güven Lisaniler F (March 1, 2019) CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 37 1 89–110.
IEEE D. Beton Kalmaz and F. Güven Lisaniler, “CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 89–110, 2019, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.345011.
ISNAD Beton Kalmaz, Demet - Güven Lisaniler, Fatma. “CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 37/1 (March 2019), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.345011.
JAMA Beton Kalmaz D, Güven Lisaniler F. CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;37:89–110.
MLA Beton Kalmaz, Demet and Fatma Güven Lisaniler. “CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 1, 2019, pp. 89-110, doi:10.17065/huniibf.345011.
Vancouver Beton Kalmaz D, Güven Lisaniler F. CLOSING GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION OR ELIMINATION OF MALE DOMINATION? OCCUPATIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN NORTH CYPRUS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;37(1):89-110.

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