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YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ

Year 2021, , 223 - 235, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.771546

Abstract

Bu makalede, farklı tarihsel gelenekten gelen farklı siyasi yapıların 1990’da birleştiği Yemen Cumhuriyeti’nde devam eden çatışmaların yapısal sebepleri analiz edilmiştir. Çatışmalar Arap isyanlarından çok daha önce başlamış fakat Arap isyanları sonrası şiddetlenerek devam etmiş ve 2015’te ABD desteği ve Suudi Arabistan ile 10 Arap ülkesinin askeri müdahaleleriyle uluslararası hale gelmiştir. Çalışmada, Yemen'in son elli yılına damgasını vurmuş devrik Devlet Başkanı Ali Abdullah Salih’in 2017 yılında Husiler tarafından öldürülmesine kadar geçen süre ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada ileri sürülen düşünce Yemen’de yaşanılan Husiler- Yemen Hükümeti arasındaki çatışmaların bir mezhep savaşı olmadığı, Arap isyanları ile başlamadığı, anlaşmazlıkların ve kırılmaların tarihsel olarak çok önceki süreçlere dayandığıdır. Bu görüşü desteklemek amacıyla sürekli farklılaşan çıkarlara göre değişen farklı grupların birbirleriyle kurdukları iş birlikleri incelenmiştir.

References

  • 2 Yemens Become One, and Celebrate. (1990), The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/23/world/2-yemens-become-one-and-celebrate.html, E.T.: 04.02.2021.
  • Abbas, J. F. (2015), Why ‘Operation: Decisive Storm’ Was Needed in Yemen?. Al Arabiya English, https://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2015/03/26/Why-Operation-Decisive-Storm-was-needed-in-Yemen-.html, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Alain, G. (2009), Les damnés de la mer: les pirates somaliens en mer Rouge et dans l’océan Indien, Diplomatien, 40, http://archives-fig-st-die.cndp.fr/actes/actes_2009/gascon/article.html, E.T.: 12.11.2017.
  • Al-Deen, S. M. (2019). Federalism in Yemen: A Catalyst for War, The Present Reality, and the Inevitable Future, The Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies, http://sanaacenter.org/files/Federalism_in_Yemen.pdf, E.T.: 14.12.2020.
  • Aydıntepe, M., İ. Artokça (2013), Yemen Raporu, TASAM, 55.
  • Barbieri, E., M. Matray (2015), Yémen. Vers un Echec du Modele Yéménite de Transition Négociée, La Revue Géopolitique, https://www.diploweb.com/Yemen-Vers-un-echec-du-modele.html, E.T.: 25.11. 2017.
  • Bouchard, D. (2015), Le Yemen: Violences Sectaires et Guerre de Procuration, Chaire Raoul Dandurand, https://dandurand.uqam.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2016/04/chronique_bauchard_2015.pdf, E.T.: 25.11. 2017.
  • Carapico, S. (1993), The Economic Dimension of Yemeni Unity, Middle East Report 184 23, 5(9).
  • Clark, V. (2010). Yemen: Dancing on the Heads of Snakes. London: Yale University Press.
  • Cole, S. (2019), The Economic Disaster Behind the Yemen Civil War. The Foreign Analyst, http://theforeignanalyst.com/the-economic-disaster-behind-the-yemen-civil-war,E.T.: 07.02.2021.
  • Colgan, J. (2015) How Sectarianism Shapes Yemen’s War. The Monkey Cage (Washington Post blog), https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/04/13/how-sectarianism-shapes-yemens-war/, E.T.: 07.02.2021.
  • Colton, A.N. (2010), Yemen: A Collapsed Economy. Middle East Journal, 64(3), 410-426.
  • Corcoran, M. (2015), Timeline: A Century of Conflict in Yemen, ABC News, E.T.:29.11.2017.
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2021), War in Yemen, https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/war-yemen, E.T.: 09.02.2021.
  • Day, S. (2010), The Political Challenge of Yemen’s Southern Mouvement, Carnegie Endowment, 108.
  • Goy, R. (1990), La réunification du Yémen, Annuaire Français de Droit International, 36, 249-265.
  • Harman, C. (2010), Halkların Dünya Tarihi, İstanbul: Yordam Kitap, Çev: Uygur Kocabaşoğlu.
  • Hashemi, N., Postel, D. (2017) Sectarianization: Mapping the New Politics of the Middle East, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 15(3), 1-13.
  • Kaçar, A. (2017), Açlıkla ve Terörle Pençeleşen Ülke Yemen II, Genç Birikim, http://www.gencbirikim.net/aclikla-ve-terorle-pencelesen-ulke-yemen-ii/, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Katz, M. (1992). Yemeni Unity and Saudi Security, Middle East Policy, 1.
  • Kendall, E. (2017), Iran’s fingerprints in Yemen: Real or Imagined?, The Atlantic Council, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Irans_Fingerprints_in_Yemen_web_1019.pdf, E.T.: 05.02.2021.
  • Kimutai, K. (2017), Who are The Houthis Of Yemen?, Worldatlas, http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/who-are-the-houthis-of-yemen.html, E.T.: 27.11.2017.
  • Laçiner, S., S. Açıkalın, G. Coşkun (2010), Yemen Dosyası: Fakirlik ve Terör Kıskacında Bir Ülke, İstanbul: Usak Yayınları.
  • Matthiesen, T. (2013), Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn't, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Mapping Militant Organizations. (2015), Al Qaeda in Yemen. Stanford University. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/al-qaeda-yemen, E.T.: 05.02.2021.
  • Romey, K. (2015), Suudi saldırıları Kültür Varlıklarını Yıkıyor, National Geographic Türkiye, http://www.nationalgeographic.com.tr/makale/kesfet/suudi-saldirilari-yemenin-kulturel-varliklarini-yikiyor/2487, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Saudi Arabia Leads Air Assault in Yemen. (2015), The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html, E.T.: 13.11.2017.
  • Semin, A. (2015). Yemen Krizi, Husiler ve İran-Körfez Güç Mücadelesi, Bilgesam, 1201, http://www.bilgesam.org/Images/Dokumanlar/0-51-20150403331201.pdf, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Sharp, M. J. (2020), Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention. Congressional Research Service, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R43960.pdf, E.T.: 06.02.2021.
  • Sultan, A. (1993). Yemen’de Siyasi Durum”, İstanbul: Dünya ve İslam Dergisi,15, Çev: Nihat Bulut.
  • The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project. (2019), Yemen Snapshots: 2015-2019, https://acleddata.com/2019/06/18/yemen-snapshots-2015-2019/, E.T.: 06.02.2021.
  • Türel, Y. (2011), Uluslararası Politikada Ortadoğu, Ankara: Barış Kitap.
  • Türkoğlu, R. Yemen’de Siyasi İktidar Mücadelesi ve İç Çatışmalar, https://ridvanturkoglu.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/yemen_de-siyasi-iktidar-mc3bccadelesi-ve-ic3a7-c3a7atc4b1c59fmalar1.pdf, E.T.: 16.11.2017.
  • United States Library of Congress. (2008). Country Profıle: Yemen. https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Yemen.pdf, E.T.: 05.02.2021.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, World Oil Transit Chokepoints, Overview. (2014), https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/sites/default/files/pdf-pt-vue/world_oil_transit_chokepoints.pdf, E.T.: 13.11.2017.
  • What is The Houthi Movement?, (2016), Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, https://institute.global/insight/co-existence/what-houthi-movement, E.T.: 24.11.2017.
  • Whitaker, B. (2011), Yemen’s Ali Abdullah Salehresigns but it changes little, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/24/yemen-ali-abdullah-saleh-resigns, E.T.: 25.11.2017.
  • Yemen’de İktidar Mücadelesi ve İç Savaş. (2017, 26 Nisan). SDAM, http://sdam.org.tr/haber/86-yemende-iktidar-mucadelesi-ve-ic-savas/, E.T.: 25.11.2017.
  • Yemen'in eski Cumhurbaşkanı Ali Abdullah Salih öldürüldü. (2017, 4Aralık). BBC Türkçe, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-42219806 , E.T.: 05.06.2018.
  • Yemen National Dialogue Conference Participants. (2013), Agence France-Presse, https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/yemen-national-dialogue-conference-participants-1.292425, E.T.: 25.11. 2017.

CONFLICTING PROCESS IN YEMEN AND ITS DYNAMICS

Year 2021, , 223 - 235, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.771546

Abstract

In this article, the structural reasons for the Republic of Yemen's ongoing conflicts, where various political structures from different historical traditions were united in 1990, are analyzed. The clashes started long before the Arab uprisings but continued intensely after the Arab revolts and became international in 2015 with the USA's support and the military intervention of Saudi Arabia and 10 Arab countries. In the study, the discussion comprises the period until the assassination of the ousted President Ali Abdullah Saleh by the Houthis in 2017, who left his mark on Yemen's last fifty years. In this context, the idea put forward in the study is that the conflicts between the Houthis and the Yemeni Government in Yemen are not a sectarian war, they did not start with the Arab revolts, and the disagreements and ruptures are based on historically much older processes. In order to support this view, the cooperation between different groups, which are constantly changing according to current interests, has been examined.

References

  • 2 Yemens Become One, and Celebrate. (1990), The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/23/world/2-yemens-become-one-and-celebrate.html, E.T.: 04.02.2021.
  • Abbas, J. F. (2015), Why ‘Operation: Decisive Storm’ Was Needed in Yemen?. Al Arabiya English, https://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2015/03/26/Why-Operation-Decisive-Storm-was-needed-in-Yemen-.html, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Alain, G. (2009), Les damnés de la mer: les pirates somaliens en mer Rouge et dans l’océan Indien, Diplomatien, 40, http://archives-fig-st-die.cndp.fr/actes/actes_2009/gascon/article.html, E.T.: 12.11.2017.
  • Al-Deen, S. M. (2019). Federalism in Yemen: A Catalyst for War, The Present Reality, and the Inevitable Future, The Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies, http://sanaacenter.org/files/Federalism_in_Yemen.pdf, E.T.: 14.12.2020.
  • Aydıntepe, M., İ. Artokça (2013), Yemen Raporu, TASAM, 55.
  • Barbieri, E., M. Matray (2015), Yémen. Vers un Echec du Modele Yéménite de Transition Négociée, La Revue Géopolitique, https://www.diploweb.com/Yemen-Vers-un-echec-du-modele.html, E.T.: 25.11. 2017.
  • Bouchard, D. (2015), Le Yemen: Violences Sectaires et Guerre de Procuration, Chaire Raoul Dandurand, https://dandurand.uqam.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2016/04/chronique_bauchard_2015.pdf, E.T.: 25.11. 2017.
  • Carapico, S. (1993), The Economic Dimension of Yemeni Unity, Middle East Report 184 23, 5(9).
  • Clark, V. (2010). Yemen: Dancing on the Heads of Snakes. London: Yale University Press.
  • Cole, S. (2019), The Economic Disaster Behind the Yemen Civil War. The Foreign Analyst, http://theforeignanalyst.com/the-economic-disaster-behind-the-yemen-civil-war,E.T.: 07.02.2021.
  • Colgan, J. (2015) How Sectarianism Shapes Yemen’s War. The Monkey Cage (Washington Post blog), https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/04/13/how-sectarianism-shapes-yemens-war/, E.T.: 07.02.2021.
  • Colton, A.N. (2010), Yemen: A Collapsed Economy. Middle East Journal, 64(3), 410-426.
  • Corcoran, M. (2015), Timeline: A Century of Conflict in Yemen, ABC News, E.T.:29.11.2017.
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2021), War in Yemen, https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/war-yemen, E.T.: 09.02.2021.
  • Day, S. (2010), The Political Challenge of Yemen’s Southern Mouvement, Carnegie Endowment, 108.
  • Goy, R. (1990), La réunification du Yémen, Annuaire Français de Droit International, 36, 249-265.
  • Harman, C. (2010), Halkların Dünya Tarihi, İstanbul: Yordam Kitap, Çev: Uygur Kocabaşoğlu.
  • Hashemi, N., Postel, D. (2017) Sectarianization: Mapping the New Politics of the Middle East, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 15(3), 1-13.
  • Kaçar, A. (2017), Açlıkla ve Terörle Pençeleşen Ülke Yemen II, Genç Birikim, http://www.gencbirikim.net/aclikla-ve-terorle-pencelesen-ulke-yemen-ii/, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Katz, M. (1992). Yemeni Unity and Saudi Security, Middle East Policy, 1.
  • Kendall, E. (2017), Iran’s fingerprints in Yemen: Real or Imagined?, The Atlantic Council, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Irans_Fingerprints_in_Yemen_web_1019.pdf, E.T.: 05.02.2021.
  • Kimutai, K. (2017), Who are The Houthis Of Yemen?, Worldatlas, http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/who-are-the-houthis-of-yemen.html, E.T.: 27.11.2017.
  • Laçiner, S., S. Açıkalın, G. Coşkun (2010), Yemen Dosyası: Fakirlik ve Terör Kıskacında Bir Ülke, İstanbul: Usak Yayınları.
  • Matthiesen, T. (2013), Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn't, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Mapping Militant Organizations. (2015), Al Qaeda in Yemen. Stanford University. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/al-qaeda-yemen, E.T.: 05.02.2021.
  • Romey, K. (2015), Suudi saldırıları Kültür Varlıklarını Yıkıyor, National Geographic Türkiye, http://www.nationalgeographic.com.tr/makale/kesfet/suudi-saldirilari-yemenin-kulturel-varliklarini-yikiyor/2487, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Saudi Arabia Leads Air Assault in Yemen. (2015), The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html, E.T.: 13.11.2017.
  • Semin, A. (2015). Yemen Krizi, Husiler ve İran-Körfez Güç Mücadelesi, Bilgesam, 1201, http://www.bilgesam.org/Images/Dokumanlar/0-51-20150403331201.pdf, E.T.: 26.11.2017.
  • Sharp, M. J. (2020), Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention. Congressional Research Service, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R43960.pdf, E.T.: 06.02.2021.
  • Sultan, A. (1993). Yemen’de Siyasi Durum”, İstanbul: Dünya ve İslam Dergisi,15, Çev: Nihat Bulut.
  • The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project. (2019), Yemen Snapshots: 2015-2019, https://acleddata.com/2019/06/18/yemen-snapshots-2015-2019/, E.T.: 06.02.2021.
  • Türel, Y. (2011), Uluslararası Politikada Ortadoğu, Ankara: Barış Kitap.
  • Türkoğlu, R. Yemen’de Siyasi İktidar Mücadelesi ve İç Çatışmalar, https://ridvanturkoglu.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/yemen_de-siyasi-iktidar-mc3bccadelesi-ve-ic3a7-c3a7atc4b1c59fmalar1.pdf, E.T.: 16.11.2017.
  • United States Library of Congress. (2008). Country Profıle: Yemen. https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Yemen.pdf, E.T.: 05.02.2021.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, World Oil Transit Chokepoints, Overview. (2014), https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/sites/default/files/pdf-pt-vue/world_oil_transit_chokepoints.pdf, E.T.: 13.11.2017.
  • What is The Houthi Movement?, (2016), Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, https://institute.global/insight/co-existence/what-houthi-movement, E.T.: 24.11.2017.
  • Whitaker, B. (2011), Yemen’s Ali Abdullah Salehresigns but it changes little, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/24/yemen-ali-abdullah-saleh-resigns, E.T.: 25.11.2017.
  • Yemen’de İktidar Mücadelesi ve İç Savaş. (2017, 26 Nisan). SDAM, http://sdam.org.tr/haber/86-yemende-iktidar-mucadelesi-ve-ic-savas/, E.T.: 25.11.2017.
  • Yemen'in eski Cumhurbaşkanı Ali Abdullah Salih öldürüldü. (2017, 4Aralık). BBC Türkçe, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-42219806 , E.T.: 05.06.2018.
  • Yemen National Dialogue Conference Participants. (2013), Agence France-Presse, https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/yemen-national-dialogue-conference-participants-1.292425, E.T.: 25.11. 2017.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nazlı Koca

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date July 19, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Koca, N. (2021). YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.771546
AMA Koca N. YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. June 2021;39(2):223-235. doi:10.17065/huniibf.771546
Chicago Koca, Nazlı. “YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39, no. 2 (June 2021): 223-35. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.771546.
EndNote Koca N (June 1, 2021) YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39 2 223–235.
IEEE N. Koca, “YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 223–235, 2021, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.771546.
ISNAD Koca, Nazlı. “YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39/2 (June 2021), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.771546.
JAMA Koca N. YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;39:223–235.
MLA Koca, Nazlı. “YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 2, 2021, pp. 223-35, doi:10.17065/huniibf.771546.
Vancouver Koca N. YEMEN’DE ÇATIŞMALI SÜREÇ VE DİNAMİKLERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;39(2):223-35.

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