A CONFLICT MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENT FOR FAMILY BUSINESSES: FAMILY CONSTITUTION

Year 2021, , 425 - 440, 29.09.2021

Hakan Karabacak

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.812286

Cited By: 3

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the contribution of the family constitution to conflict management conceptually and in this context, the answers of two main questions were sought: 1) What content should the family constitution be designed to manage task or relationship conflicts? 2) When designed with an appropriate content, to which structural problems, the family constitution can bring solutions? It has been determined that family constitutions should include principles and rules regarding work relations, ownership, revenue and expenditure, family council and succession planning in order to contribute to conflict management. When designed with an appropriate content, the family constitution has the potential to make significant contributions to conflict management by preventing nepotism, clarifying responsibilities, ensuring the balanced distribution of the use of power, inter-generational communication and institutionalization. Using this potential will serve to create peaceful and productive working environments, increase the performance of family businesses and ensure their healthy life throughout generations. This paper is one of the very limited number of Turkish studies examining the family constitution and the first conceptual study focusing on the role of the family constitution in conflict management

AİLE İŞLETMELERİ İÇİN BİR ÇATIŞMA YÖNETİM ARACI: AİLE ANAYASASI

Abstract

Bu çalışmada aile anayasasının çatışma yönetimine katkısının kavramsal olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmış ve bu kapsamda başlıca iki sorunun yanıtı aranmıştır: 1) Görev veya ilişki çatışmalarını yönetmek üzere aile anayasası nasıl bir içerikle tasarlanmalıdır? 2) Uygun bir içerikle tasarlandığında aile anayasası işletmenin hangi yapısal sorunlarına çözümler getirebilir? Aile anayasalarının çatışma yönetimine katkı verebilmesi için çalışma ilişkilerine, mülkiyet, gelir ve harcamalara, aile konseyine ve halef planlamasına ilişkin ilke ve kurallara yer vermesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Uygun bir içerikle tasarlandığı takdirde aile anayasası nepotizmin önlenmesini, sorumluluk paylaşımlarının netleştirilmesini, güç kullanımının dengeli dağıtımını, kuşaklar arası iletişimi ve kurumsallaşmayı sağlayarak çatışmaların yönetilmesine önemli katkılar sunma potansiyeline sahiptir. Aile anayasasının çatışma yönetimindeki bu potansiyelinin kullanılması, aile işletmelerinin huzurlu ve verimli çalışma ortamlarına kavuşmalarına, performanslarını artırmalarına ve kuşaklar boyunca sağlıklı biçimde devamlılıklarını sağlamalarına hizmet edecektir. Bu çalışma, aile anayasasını inceleme konusu yapan çok sınırlı sayıda Türkçe çalışmadan biri, aile anayasasının çatışma yönetimindeki rolüne odaklanan ilk kavramsal çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Aile Anayasası, Aile İşletmesi, Çatışma Yönetimi

References

• Alderson, K. (2015), “Conflict Management and Resolution in Family-Owned Businesses: A Practitioner Focused Review”, Journal of Family Business Management, 5(2), 140-156.
• Amason, A.C. (1996), “Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams”, Academy of Management Journal, 39 (1), 123–148.
• Arteaga, R., S. Requejo-Menendez, (2017), “Family Constitution and Business Performance: Moderating Factors”, Family Business Review, 30(4), 320-338.
• Ankara Sanayi Odası (ASO), (2005), Aile Şirketleri: Değişim ve Süreklilik, Ankara Sanayi Odası, Ankara. https://www.aso.org.tr/yayinlarimiz/, E.T.: 07.07.2020.
• Ayrancı, E. (2010), “Family Involvement in and Institutionalization of Family Businesses: A research”, Business and Economic Horizons, 3(3), 83-104
• Başer, G. (2019), “Aile İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Yedekleme Sürecine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme”, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, (1), 1-12.
• Bianchi, C., K. Alderson (2012), “Do Family Councils Really Work? The Need for Empirical Study”, in A. Carsrud, M. Brännback (Ed), Understanding Family Businesses: Undiscovered Approaches, Unique Perspectives and Neglected Topics, Springer, NY, 185-202.
• Birley, S., Ng, D., A. Godfrey (1999), “The Family and the Business”, Long Range Planning, 32(6), 598-608.
• Botero I.C., G.G. Betancourt, J.B.B. Ramirez, M.P.L. Vergara (2015), “Family Protocols as Governance Tools: Understanding Why and How Family Protocols are Important in Family Firms”, Journal of Family Business Management, 5(2), 218-237.
• Brown, L. D. (1983), Managing Conflict at Organizational Interfaces, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
• Büte, M. (2008), “Aile İşletmelerinin Kurumsallaşma Sürecinde Yaşadığı Sorunlar”, in T. Koçel (Ed), İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi 3. Aile İşletmeleri Kongre Kitabı, 18-19 Nisan, İstanbul, 312-332.
• Capital Dergisi, (2013), Her Aileye bir Anayasa, https:// www.capital.com.tr/yonetim/liderlik/her-aileye-bir-anayasa , E.T.: 02.09.2020.
• Caputo, A., G. Marzi, M.M. Pellegrini, R. Rialti (2018), “Conflict Management in Family Businesses: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review”, International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(4), 519-542.
• Caputo, A., V. Zarone (2019), “Uscio e Bottega: an Exploratory Study on Conflict Management and Negotiation during Family Business Succession in Tuscany”, World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 15(1-2), 202-225.
• Cruz, C., M. Larraza-Kintana, L. Garcés-Galdeano, P. Berrone (2014), “Are Family Firms Really More Responsible?”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38, 1295-1316.
• Dascher, P.E., W.G. Jens (1999), “Family Business Succession Planning”, Business Horizon, 42(5), 2-4.
• Davis, P.S., P.D. Harveston (1999), “In the Founder’s Shadow: Conflict in the Family Firm”, Family Business Review, 12(4), 311-323.
• Davis, P.S., P.D. Harveston (2001), “The phenomenon of Substantive Conflict in The Family Firm: A Cross-Generational Study”, Journal of Small Business Management, 39(1), 14-30.
• De Clercq D., N. Thongpapani, D. Dimov (2009), “When Good Conflict Gets Better and Bad Conflict Becomes Worse: The Role of Social Capital In The Conflict-Innovation Relationship”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 37(3), 283-297.
• De Dreu, C. K. W. (1997), “Productive Conflict: The Importance of Conflict Management and Conflict Issues”, in C.K.W. De Dreu, E. Van de Vliert (Ed), Using Conflict in Organizations, London: Sage, 9-23.
• De Dreu, C. K. W., L. R. Weingart (2003), “Task versus Relationship Conflict, Team Performance and Team Member Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 741–749.
• De Janasz, C., K.O. Dowd, B. Z. Schneider (2001), Interpersonal Skills in Organizations, Boston: McGraw-Hill.
• Deutsch, M. (1969), “Conflicts: Productive and Destructive”, Journal of Social Issues, 25(1), 7-41.
• Dyer, W.G. Jr. (1988), “Culture and Continuity in Family Firms”, Family Business Review, 1(1), 37-50.
• Ensley, M.D., A. Pearson, S. Sardesmukh (2007), “The Negative Consequences of Pay Dispersion in Family and Non-Family Top Management Teams: An Exploratory Analysis of New Venture, High-Growth Firms”, Journal of Business Research, 60(10), 1039-1047.
• Feltham, T.S., G. Feltham, J.J. Barnett (2005), “The Dependence of Family Businesses on a Single Decision Maker”, Journal of Small Business Management, 43(1), 1-15.
• Frank, H., A. Kessler, L. Nosé, D. Suchy (2011), “Conflicts in Family Firms: State of the Art and Perspectives for Future Research”, Journal of Family Business Management, 1(2), 130-153.
• Gallo, M.A., S. Tomaselli (2006), “Formulating, Implementing, and Maintaining Family Protocols”, in P.Z. Poutziouris, K.X. Smyrnios, S.B. Klein (Ed), Handbook of Research on Family Business, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 298-316.
• Garcia, O., M. Castejón, P. Pérez (2014), “The Culture of Conflict in Family Business”, Revista de Empresa Familiar, 4(2), 25-35.
• Geyskens, I., E.M.J. Steenkamp, N. Kumar (1999), “A Meta-Analysis of Satisfaction in Marketing Channel Relationships”, Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (2), 223–238.
• Großmann, S., A.V. Schlippe (2015), “Family Businesses: Fertile Environments for Conflict”, Journal of Family Business Management, 5(2), 294-314.
• Grote, J. (2003), “Conflicting Generations: A New Theory of Family Business Rivalry”, Family Business Review, 16(2), 113-124.
• Harvey, M., R.E. Evans (1994), “Family Business and Multiple Levels of Conflict”, Family Business Review, 7(4), 331-348.
• Hilburt-Davis, J., W.G. Jr. Dyer (2003), Consulting to Family Business: A Practical Guide to Contracting, Assessment, and Implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Pfeiffer.
• Jehn, K. A. (1995), “A Multimethod Examination of the Benefits and Determinants of Intragroup Conflict”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 256–282.
• Jehn, K. A. (1997), “A Qualitative Analysis of Conflict Types and Dimensions in Organizational Groups”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 530–557.
• Kellermanns, F.W., K.A. Eddleston (2004), “Feuding Families: When Conflict Does a Family Firm Good”, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 28(3), 209-228.
• Kellermanns, F.W., K.A. Eddleston (2007), “A Family Firms Perspective on When Conflict Benefits Family Firm Performance”, Journal of Business Research, 60(10), 1048-1057.
• Kelly, L.M., N. Athanassiou, W.F. Crittenden (2000), “Founder Centrality and Strategic Behavior in The Family Owned Firm”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(2), 27-42.
• Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1993), “The Dynamics of Family Firms: The Good and the Bad News”, Organizational Dynamics, 1993, 59-71.
• Kezsbom, D.S. (1992), “Re-Opening Pandora’s Box: Sources of Project Conflict in the ‘90s”, Industrial Engineering, 24 (5), 54-59.
• Konig, A., N. Kammerlander, A. Enders (2013), “The Family Innovator’s Dilemma: How Family Influence Affects the Adoption of Discontinuous Technologies by Incumbent Firms”, Academy of Management Review, 38(3), 418-441.
• March, J. G., H.A. Simon (1958), Organizations, New York: Wiley.
• Matias, C., M. Franco (2018), “Family Protocol: How It Shapes Succession in Family Firms”, Journal of Business Strategy, 41(3), 35-44.
• McCann, G. (2007), When Your Parents Sign the Paychecks: Finding Career Success Inside or Outside the Family Business, Indianapolis: Jist Works.
• McKee, D.L., T. Madden, F.W. Kellermanns, K.A. Eddleston (2014), “Conflicts in Family Firms: The Good and the Bad”, in L. Melin, M. Nordqvist, P. Sharma (Ed), The SAGE Handbook of Family Business, Washington DC: Sage Publications, 514-528.
• Medina F. J., M.A. Lourdes, M. Dorado I, G.M. José (2005), “Types of Intragroup Conflict and Affective Reactions”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(3-4), 219-230.
• Melin, L., M. Nordqvist (2007), “The Reflexive Dynamics of Institutionalization: The Case of the Family Business”, Strategic Organization, 54, 321-333.
• Montemerlo, D., J.L. Ward, (2011), The Family Constitution: Agreements to Secure and Perpetuate Your Family and Your Business, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Morris, M., R., Williams, J. Allen, R. Avila (1997), “Correlates of Success in Family Business Transitions”, Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), 385-401.
• Neubauer, F., A.G. Lank (1998), The Family Business: Its Governance for Sustainability, London: MacMillan Press Ltd.
• Parada, M.J., M. Nordqvist, A. Gimeno (2010), “Institutionalizing the Family Business: The Role of Professional Associations in Fostering a Change of Values”, Family Business Review, 23(4), 355-372.
• Pieper, T.M., S.B, Klein (2007), “The Bulleye: A Systems Approach to Modeling Family Firms”, Family Business Review, 20(4), 301-319.
• Pondy, L. R. (1967), “Organizational Conflict: Concepts and Models”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 12, 296–320.
• Poza, E.J. (2009), Family Business, Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.
• Rahim, M. A. (1990), “Moderating Effects of Hardiness and Social Support on the Relationships of Conflict and Stress to Job Burnout and Performance”, in M. A. Rahim (Ed), Theory and Research in Conflict Management. New York: Praeger, 4–14.
• Rahim, M. A. (2001), Managing Conflict in Organizations, Westport, Conn: Quorum Books.
• Rahim, M. A. (2002), “Toward a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict”, International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 206-235.
• Rodrigues, J.J.M., M.A., Marques (2013), “Governance Bodies of Family Business”, European Journal of Family Business, 3(1), 47-58.
• Singer, J., C. Donoho (1992), “Strategic Management Planning for the Successful Family Business”, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 39-52.
• Tagiuri, R., J.A. Davis (1996), “Bivalent Attributes of the Family Firm”, Family Business Review, 9(2), 199-208.
• Taşdemir, D.Ç., F. Çayırağası, G. G. Güven, (2020), “A Conceptual Study on Nepotizm and Effects in Family Enterprises”, International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 3(5), 59-64.
• Tjosvold, D., V., Dann, C.L. Wong (1992), “Managing Conflict between Departments to Serve Customers”, Human Relations, 45(10), 1035–1054.
• Türkiye Kurumsal Yönetim Derneği (TKYD) (2009), Kurumsal Yönetim Ilkeleri Işığında Aile Şirketleri Yönetim Rehberi, Türkiye Kurumsal Yönetim Derneği Yayınları, İstanbul, http://www.tkyd.org/files/downloads/faaliyet_alanlari/yayinlarimiz , E.T.: 17.12.2020.
• Vardaman, J. M., M. B. Gondo (2014), “Socioemotional Wealth Conflict in Family Firms”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38, 1317-1322.
• Vera, C.F., M.A. Dean (2005), “An Examination of the Challenges Daughters Face in Family Business Succession”, Family Business Review, 18(4), 321-345.
• Wall, V. D., Jr., L.L. Nolan (1986), “Perceptions of Inequity, Satisfaction, and Conflict in Task-Oriented Groups”, Human Relations, 39, 1033–1052.
• Ward, J. (1987), Keeping The Family Business Healthy. How to Plan for Continuous Growth, Profitability and Family Leadership, San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
• Ward, J. (1997), “Growing the Family Business: Special Challenges and Best Practices”, Family Business Review, 10(4), 323-337.
• Ward, J. (2004), Perpetuating the Family Business: 50 Lessons Learned From Long Lasting Successful Families in Business, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. . West, M. A., N. R. Anderson (1996), “Innovation in Top Management Teams”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 680–693.
• Xi, J.M., S. Kraus, F. Kellermanns, M. Filser (2015), “Mapping the of Family Business Research: Past Trends and Future Directions”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Field Journal, 11(1), 113-132.