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COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ

Year 2021, , 123 - 134, 30.11.2021

Esra Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.906709
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Aralık 2019 itibariyle dünyanın büyük bir kısmını etkisi altına alan COVID-19’un çok ciddi sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik etkileri bulunmaktadır. Devletler ve uluslararası kuruluşlar COVID-19 ile mücadelede paternalistik politikaların yanı sıra davranışsal kamu politikalarına başvurmaktadır. Davranışsal iktisatçılara göre birey davranışları ahlaki norm ve değer yargılarının etkisi altında bulunmaktadır. Birey davranışlarının ahlaki norm kaynaklarından biri de dindir. Buradan hareketle; çalışmanın temel amacı, “Din COVID-19 ile mücadelede davranışsal kamu politikası aracı olarak kullanılabilir mi?” sorusunun yanıtlanmasıdır. Çalışma literatür değerlendirmesine dayanmaktadır. Neticede; dinin arzu edilen davranışa yönelik mesaj vermede toplum tarafından güven duyulan kişinin seçilmesi, tetikleme, sosyal norm ve akranları aracılığıyla ikna etme gibi dürtme yöntemlerine entegre edilerek COVID-19’la mücadelede davranışsal kamu politikası aracı olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir. Ancak bu noktada; kişilerin dini liderlere ve kuruluşlara yönelik güven düzeyi, toplumun dindarlık düzeyi, toplumun genelinin COVID-19 önlemlerine uymak için hangi araçlarla motive edilebileceğinin ve bunun farklı gruplar için nasıl çeşitlendirilebileceği faktörlerinin de belirleyici olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

davranışsal kamu politikaları dürtme din covid 19

References

  • Ak, Ö. (2020), “Soğuk Algınlığından Ölümcül Salgına: Küresel Kabus”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Mart 2020, 13-27.
  • Aldemir C., M. Kaya (2020), “Dürtme Fikrinin Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Covid-19 Döneminde Hükümetler Tarafından Uygulanması”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 2020 Special Issue, 122-142.
  • Alimi, T., E. L. Antus, A. B. Lewis, J. F. Childress, D. Shannon, R. M. Green, E. Gregory, A. Herdt, W. Jenkins, M. C. Kaveny, V. Lloyd, P. Lo, J. Malesic, D. Newheiser, I. Oh, A. Stalnaker (2020), “COVID-19 and Religious Ethics”, Journal of Religious Ethics, 48(3), 349-387.
  • Arad, A., A. Rubinstein (2018), “The People’s Perspective on Libertarian Patternalistic Policies”, The Journal of Law and Economics, 61(2), 311-333.
  • Barmania, S., M. J., Reiss (2020), “Health Promotion Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Importance of Religion”, Global Health Promotion 1757-9759, 0(0), 1–8.
  • Benjamin, D., J. Choi, G. Fisher (2016), “Religious Identity and Economic Behavior”, The Review of Economic and Statistics, 98(4), 617-638.
  • Bentzen, J.S. (2020), In Crisis We Pray: Religiosity and COVID-19 Pandemic, Covid Economics 20. CEPR Discussion Paper, No DP14824.
  • Beyers, J. (2015), “Religion as a Political Instrument: The Case of Japan and South Africa”, Journal for the Study of Religion, 28(1), 142-164.
  • Budak, F., Ş., Korkmaz (2020), “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecine Yönelik Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Türkiye Örneği”, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, 1, 62-79. Camerer, C. (2006), “Wanting, Liking, and Learning: Neuroscience and Paternalism”, The University of Chicago Law Review, 73(1), 87-110.
  • Camerer, F., S. Issacharoff, G. Loewenstein, T. O'Donoghue (2003), “Regulation for Conservatives: Behavioral Economics and the Case for Asymmetric Paternalism”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 151(3), 1211-1254.
  • Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W., Wang, C., Bernardini, S. (2020), “The COVID-19 Pandemic”, Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365-388.
  • Çelikyay, H. H., A., Turan (2020), “Türkiye’de COVID-19 ile Mücadele: Politikalar ve Aktörler”, Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Çıtırık, A.N., Z.S. Zengin (2020), “Küresel Salgın Zamanında Din Görevlilerinin Gözüyle Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığının Yaygın Din Hizmeti ve Eğitimi”, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Salgın Hastalıklar Özel Sayısı, 599-624.
  • De Ridder, D., J. Feitsma, M. Van den Hoven, F. Kroese, T. Schillemans, M. Verweij, T. Venema, A. Vugts, E. De Vet (2020), “Simple Nudges That Are Not So Easy”, Behavioral Public Policy, 3(4), 1-19.
  • Dhami, S., A. Al-Nowaihi, C. R. Sunstein (2019), “Heuristics and Public Policy: Decision Making Under Bounded Rationality”, Studies in Microeconomics, 7(1), 7-58.
  • Di Gialleonardo, L., M. Marè, A. Motroni, F. Porcelli (2020), “Family Ties and the Pandemic: Some Evidence from Sars-CoV-2,” Covid Economics: Vetted and Real Time Papers, 60(4), 80-109.
  • Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı (2020), Tedbir Mümin’den Takdir Allah’tandır, https://dinhizmetleri.diyanet.gov.tr/Documents/Tedbir%20M%C3%BCminden%20Takdir%20Allah'tand%C4%B1r.pdf, E.T. 20.08.2021.
  • Durmuş, S., D., Şahin (2021), “COVID-19 Küresel Salgınında Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Uygulanan Ekonomi Politikaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Turkish Studies, 15(4), 923-943.
  • Ekonomi Bakanlığı (2019), Senin Kararın Kamu Politikası Tasarımında Davranışsal Yaklaşım, https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b8ec3ce13b8761b8471c1f9/1ebc0d8a6a572cd0a7f4ab084eb63831.pdf, E.T.: 20.01.2021.
  • Galang, J. R. (2021), “Science and Religion for Covid-19 Vaccine Promotion”, Journal of Public Health, 43(3), e513-e514.
  • Galizzi, M. (2017), “Behavioral Aspects of Policy Formulation: Experiments. Behavioral Insights, Nudges”, in M. Howlett, I. Mukherjee, S. Fraser (ed.), Handbooks of Research on Public Policy, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 410-430.
  • Halpern, D., M. Sanders (2016), “Nudging by Government: Progress, Impact, Lessons Learned”, Behavioral Science & Policy, 2(2), 53-65.
  • Hansen, P. G., A. M. Jespersen (2013), “Nudge and Manipulation of Choice: A Framework for the Responsible Use of the Nudge Approach to Behavior Change in Public Policy”, EJRR, 1, 3-28.
  • Hill, M. (2009), “Church-State Relations and Social Welfare in Europe: A Case Study of the UK”, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 7(3), 27–31.
  • Independent Türkçe (2021), Güneydoğu’da Melelerden Aşı Çağrısı: Aşı Olmak Her Müslümanın Görevidir, Gazete Haberi, 27 Temmuz 2021, https://www.indyturk.com/node/391766/haber/g%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fuda-melelerden-a%C5%9F%C4%B1
  • Ivanescu, C. (2010), “Politicised Religion and The Religionisation of Politics”, Culture and Religion, 11(4), 309-325.
  • Mc Elwee, J. (2021), Pope Francis Suggests People Have Moral Obligation to Take Coronavirus Vaccine, National Catholic Reporter: The Independent News Source, Jan 11 2021. https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/pope-francis-suggests-people-have-moral-obligation-take-coronavirus-vaccine
  • Judah, G., R. Aunger, W.P. Schmidt, S. Michie, S. Granger, V. Curtis (2009), “Experimental Pretesting of Hand-Washing Interventions in a Natural Setting”, American Journal of Public Health, 99(S2), 405-411. Jung, J. Y., Mellers,B. A. (2016), “American Attitudes Toward Nudges”, Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1),62-74,
  • Kingsly, K. (2016), “Religion as a Tool for Economic /Political Transformation”, SSRN, 1-22.
  • Kumar, V. (2008), A Critical Review of Economic Analyses of Religion, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Working Paper-023, Mumbai.
  • Levin, J. (2020), “The Faith Community and the SARS‑CoV‑2 Outbreak: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?”, Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 2215–2228.
  • Lunn,P.D.,Belton,C.A.,Lavin,C.,McGowan,F.P.,Timmons,S.(2020), “Using Behavioral Science to Help Fight the Coronavirus:A Rapid Narrative Review”, Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, 3(1), 1-15.
  • Madrian, B. C. (2014), “Applying Insights from Behavioral Economics to Policy Design”, The Annual Review of Economics, 6, 663-688.
  • Mc Kee, A. (1987), “Christian Economic Policy and the Role of Economic Science”, Review of Social Economy, 45(3), 243-258.
  • Minkenberg, M. (2002), “Religion and Public Policy: Institutional, Cultural, and Political Impact on the Shaping of Abortion Policies in Western Democracies”, Comparative Political Studies, 35(2), 221-247.
  • Möllenkamp, M., M. Zeppernick, J. Schreyögg (2019), “The Effectiveness of Nudges in Improving The Self Management of Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review”, Health Policy, 123(12), 1199-1209.
  • Qayyum, U., S. Anjum, S. Sabir (2020), “Religion and Economic Development: New Insights”, Empirica, 47, 793-834.
  • Rennick, J. (2014), “Is Religion a Force for Good? Reformulating the Discourse on Religion and International Development”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 34(2), 175-188.
  • Salvat, C. (2014), “Behavioral Patternalism”, Revue de Philosophie Economique, 15(2), 109-130.
  • Thio, L. (2010), “The Cooperation of Religion and State in Singapore: A Compassionate Partnership in Service of Welfare”, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 7(3), 33-45.
  • Thaler, R., C. Sunstein (2003), “Libertarian Patternalism”, The American Economic Review, 93(2), 175-179.
  • Thaler, R., C. Sunstein (2013), Dürtme, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayıncılık.
  • TÜBİTAK (2021), https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/turkiyede-durum, E. T.: 18.08.2021.
  • Tummers, L., M. Van Leeuwen, V. Bekkers (2015), Nudge as an Innovative Policy Instrument: A Public Administration Perspective. Social Innovation Research Conference, May 21-22, 2015, Shanghai. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28280814_'Nudge'_as_an_innovative_policy_instrument_a_public_administration_perspective
  • Van Bavel, J., K. Baicker, P. Boggio, V. Capraro, A. Cichocka, M. Cikara, J. M. Crockett, J. Crum, M. Douglas, J. Druckman, J. Drury, O. Dube, N. Ellemers, E. Finkel, J.  Fowler, M. Gelfand, S. Han, A. Haslam, J. Jetten, S. itayama, D. Mobbs, L. Napper, D. Packer, G. Pennycook, E. Peters, R. Petty, D. Rand, Reicher, S. Schnall, A.  Shariff, L. Skitka, S. Smith, C. Sunstein, N. Tabri, J. Tucker, S. Van der Linden, P. Van Lange, K. Weeden, M. Wohl, J. Zaki, S. Zion, R. Willer (2020), “Using Social and Behavioural Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Response”, Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 460–471.
  • West, G. (2009), “The ANC’s Deployment of Religion in Nation Building: From Thabo Mbeki to The RDP of the Soul, to Jacob Zuma” in C. Du Toit, (ed.), Power Sharing and African Democracy: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Pretoria, 89-120.
  • Whitehead, M., R. Jones, R. Howell, R. Lilley, J. Pykett (2014), Assessing The Global Impact of The Behavioral Sciences on Public Policy: Nudging All Over The World, Economic Social Research Council Report, September 2014, Aberystwyth.
  • Wildman, W., J. Bulbulia, R. Sosis, U. Schjoedt (2020), “Religion and the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Religion Brain and Behavior, 10(2), 115-117.
  • World Health Organisation (2021), https://covid19.who.int/ , E.T.: 18.08.2021.
  • Zeelenberg, M., P. De Jonge, P. Verlegh (2018) “Putting the Public Back in Behavioral Public Policy”, Behavioral Public Policy, 2(2), 218-226.
  • Zeina, A., W. Wade, O. Calvo-Gonzales, D. Goodnow (2018), Behavioral Science Around The World: Profiles of 10 Countries, World Bank Report, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/710771543609067500/pdf/132610-REVISED-00-COUNTRY-PROFILES-dig.pdf
  • Zelekha, Y., G. Avnimelech, E. Sharabi (2014), “Religious Institutions and Entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, 42, 747-767.

THE ROLE OF RELIGION AS A BEHAVIORAL PUBLIC POLICY TOOL IN COMBATING COVID-19

Year 2021, , 123 - 134, 30.11.2021

Esra Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.906709
Cited By: 1

Abstract

COVID-19, influencing most of the world since December 2019, has serious social, economic and psychological effects. Governments and international corporations have applied behavioral public policies in addition paternalistic policies to combat COVID-19. According to behavioral economists; individual behaviors are under the influence of moral norms and values. Religion is one of the moral norm sources. From this point of view, the aim of the study is to answer the question of “Can religion be used as a behavioral public policy tool to struggle with COVID-19?”. The study is based on a literature review. As a result, it is recommended that; religion can be used as a behavioral public policy tool to combat COVID-19 by integrating nudge methods as priming, social norms, messenger and peer comparison. Factors as; the individuals’ trust level in religious leaders and institutions, the religiosity level of the society, the tools used to motivate the society to conform to COVID-19 measures and how could these measures be diversified for different sub groups are considered to be decisive. 

Keywords

Behavioral public policies nudge religion COVID-19 Behavioral public policies, nudge, religion, COVID-19

References

  • Ak, Ö. (2020), “Soğuk Algınlığından Ölümcül Salgına: Küresel Kabus”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Mart 2020, 13-27.
  • Aldemir C., M. Kaya (2020), “Dürtme Fikrinin Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Covid-19 Döneminde Hükümetler Tarafından Uygulanması”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 2020 Special Issue, 122-142.
  • Alimi, T., E. L. Antus, A. B. Lewis, J. F. Childress, D. Shannon, R. M. Green, E. Gregory, A. Herdt, W. Jenkins, M. C. Kaveny, V. Lloyd, P. Lo, J. Malesic, D. Newheiser, I. Oh, A. Stalnaker (2020), “COVID-19 and Religious Ethics”, Journal of Religious Ethics, 48(3), 349-387.
  • Arad, A., A. Rubinstein (2018), “The People’s Perspective on Libertarian Patternalistic Policies”, The Journal of Law and Economics, 61(2), 311-333.
  • Barmania, S., M. J., Reiss (2020), “Health Promotion Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Importance of Religion”, Global Health Promotion 1757-9759, 0(0), 1–8.
  • Benjamin, D., J. Choi, G. Fisher (2016), “Religious Identity and Economic Behavior”, The Review of Economic and Statistics, 98(4), 617-638.
  • Bentzen, J.S. (2020), In Crisis We Pray: Religiosity and COVID-19 Pandemic, Covid Economics 20. CEPR Discussion Paper, No DP14824.
  • Beyers, J. (2015), “Religion as a Political Instrument: The Case of Japan and South Africa”, Journal for the Study of Religion, 28(1), 142-164.
  • Budak, F., Ş., Korkmaz (2020), “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecine Yönelik Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Türkiye Örneği”, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, 1, 62-79. Camerer, C. (2006), “Wanting, Liking, and Learning: Neuroscience and Paternalism”, The University of Chicago Law Review, 73(1), 87-110.
  • Camerer, F., S. Issacharoff, G. Loewenstein, T. O'Donoghue (2003), “Regulation for Conservatives: Behavioral Economics and the Case for Asymmetric Paternalism”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 151(3), 1211-1254.
  • Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W., Wang, C., Bernardini, S. (2020), “The COVID-19 Pandemic”, Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365-388.
  • Çelikyay, H. H., A., Turan (2020), “Türkiye’de COVID-19 ile Mücadele: Politikalar ve Aktörler”, Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Çıtırık, A.N., Z.S. Zengin (2020), “Küresel Salgın Zamanında Din Görevlilerinin Gözüyle Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığının Yaygın Din Hizmeti ve Eğitimi”, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Salgın Hastalıklar Özel Sayısı, 599-624.
  • De Ridder, D., J. Feitsma, M. Van den Hoven, F. Kroese, T. Schillemans, M. Verweij, T. Venema, A. Vugts, E. De Vet (2020), “Simple Nudges That Are Not So Easy”, Behavioral Public Policy, 3(4), 1-19.
  • Dhami, S., A. Al-Nowaihi, C. R. Sunstein (2019), “Heuristics and Public Policy: Decision Making Under Bounded Rationality”, Studies in Microeconomics, 7(1), 7-58.
  • Di Gialleonardo, L., M. Marè, A. Motroni, F. Porcelli (2020), “Family Ties and the Pandemic: Some Evidence from Sars-CoV-2,” Covid Economics: Vetted and Real Time Papers, 60(4), 80-109.
  • Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı (2020), Tedbir Mümin’den Takdir Allah’tandır, https://dinhizmetleri.diyanet.gov.tr/Documents/Tedbir%20M%C3%BCminden%20Takdir%20Allah'tand%C4%B1r.pdf, E.T. 20.08.2021.
  • Durmuş, S., D., Şahin (2021), “COVID-19 Küresel Salgınında Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Uygulanan Ekonomi Politikaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Turkish Studies, 15(4), 923-943.
  • Ekonomi Bakanlığı (2019), Senin Kararın Kamu Politikası Tasarımında Davranışsal Yaklaşım, https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b8ec3ce13b8761b8471c1f9/1ebc0d8a6a572cd0a7f4ab084eb63831.pdf, E.T.: 20.01.2021.
  • Galang, J. R. (2021), “Science and Religion for Covid-19 Vaccine Promotion”, Journal of Public Health, 43(3), e513-e514.
  • Galizzi, M. (2017), “Behavioral Aspects of Policy Formulation: Experiments. Behavioral Insights, Nudges”, in M. Howlett, I. Mukherjee, S. Fraser (ed.), Handbooks of Research on Public Policy, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 410-430.
  • Halpern, D., M. Sanders (2016), “Nudging by Government: Progress, Impact, Lessons Learned”, Behavioral Science & Policy, 2(2), 53-65.
  • Hansen, P. G., A. M. Jespersen (2013), “Nudge and Manipulation of Choice: A Framework for the Responsible Use of the Nudge Approach to Behavior Change in Public Policy”, EJRR, 1, 3-28.
  • Hill, M. (2009), “Church-State Relations and Social Welfare in Europe: A Case Study of the UK”, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 7(3), 27–31.
  • Independent Türkçe (2021), Güneydoğu’da Melelerden Aşı Çağrısı: Aşı Olmak Her Müslümanın Görevidir, Gazete Haberi, 27 Temmuz 2021, https://www.indyturk.com/node/391766/haber/g%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fuda-melelerden-a%C5%9F%C4%B1
  • Ivanescu, C. (2010), “Politicised Religion and The Religionisation of Politics”, Culture and Religion, 11(4), 309-325.
  • Mc Elwee, J. (2021), Pope Francis Suggests People Have Moral Obligation to Take Coronavirus Vaccine, National Catholic Reporter: The Independent News Source, Jan 11 2021. https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/pope-francis-suggests-people-have-moral-obligation-take-coronavirus-vaccine
  • Judah, G., R. Aunger, W.P. Schmidt, S. Michie, S. Granger, V. Curtis (2009), “Experimental Pretesting of Hand-Washing Interventions in a Natural Setting”, American Journal of Public Health, 99(S2), 405-411. Jung, J. Y., Mellers,B. A. (2016), “American Attitudes Toward Nudges”, Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1),62-74,
  • Kingsly, K. (2016), “Religion as a Tool for Economic /Political Transformation”, SSRN, 1-22.
  • Kumar, V. (2008), A Critical Review of Economic Analyses of Religion, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Working Paper-023, Mumbai.
  • Levin, J. (2020), “The Faith Community and the SARS‑CoV‑2 Outbreak: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?”, Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 2215–2228.
  • Lunn,P.D.,Belton,C.A.,Lavin,C.,McGowan,F.P.,Timmons,S.(2020), “Using Behavioral Science to Help Fight the Coronavirus:A Rapid Narrative Review”, Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, 3(1), 1-15.
  • Madrian, B. C. (2014), “Applying Insights from Behavioral Economics to Policy Design”, The Annual Review of Economics, 6, 663-688.
  • Mc Kee, A. (1987), “Christian Economic Policy and the Role of Economic Science”, Review of Social Economy, 45(3), 243-258.
  • Minkenberg, M. (2002), “Religion and Public Policy: Institutional, Cultural, and Political Impact on the Shaping of Abortion Policies in Western Democracies”, Comparative Political Studies, 35(2), 221-247.
  • Möllenkamp, M., M. Zeppernick, J. Schreyögg (2019), “The Effectiveness of Nudges in Improving The Self Management of Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review”, Health Policy, 123(12), 1199-1209.
  • Qayyum, U., S. Anjum, S. Sabir (2020), “Religion and Economic Development: New Insights”, Empirica, 47, 793-834.
  • Rennick, J. (2014), “Is Religion a Force for Good? Reformulating the Discourse on Religion and International Development”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 34(2), 175-188.
  • Salvat, C. (2014), “Behavioral Patternalism”, Revue de Philosophie Economique, 15(2), 109-130.
  • Thio, L. (2010), “The Cooperation of Religion and State in Singapore: A Compassionate Partnership in Service of Welfare”, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 7(3), 33-45.
  • Thaler, R., C. Sunstein (2003), “Libertarian Patternalism”, The American Economic Review, 93(2), 175-179.
  • Thaler, R., C. Sunstein (2013), Dürtme, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayıncılık.
  • TÜBİTAK (2021), https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/turkiyede-durum, E. T.: 18.08.2021.
  • Tummers, L., M. Van Leeuwen, V. Bekkers (2015), Nudge as an Innovative Policy Instrument: A Public Administration Perspective. Social Innovation Research Conference, May 21-22, 2015, Shanghai. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28280814_'Nudge'_as_an_innovative_policy_instrument_a_public_administration_perspective
  • Van Bavel, J., K. Baicker, P. Boggio, V. Capraro, A. Cichocka, M. Cikara, J. M. Crockett, J. Crum, M. Douglas, J. Druckman, J. Drury, O. Dube, N. Ellemers, E. Finkel, J.  Fowler, M. Gelfand, S. Han, A. Haslam, J. Jetten, S. itayama, D. Mobbs, L. Napper, D. Packer, G. Pennycook, E. Peters, R. Petty, D. Rand, Reicher, S. Schnall, A.  Shariff, L. Skitka, S. Smith, C. Sunstein, N. Tabri, J. Tucker, S. Van der Linden, P. Van Lange, K. Weeden, M. Wohl, J. Zaki, S. Zion, R. Willer (2020), “Using Social and Behavioural Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Response”, Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 460–471.
  • West, G. (2009), “The ANC’s Deployment of Religion in Nation Building: From Thabo Mbeki to The RDP of the Soul, to Jacob Zuma” in C. Du Toit, (ed.), Power Sharing and African Democracy: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Pretoria, 89-120.
  • Whitehead, M., R. Jones, R. Howell, R. Lilley, J. Pykett (2014), Assessing The Global Impact of The Behavioral Sciences on Public Policy: Nudging All Over The World, Economic Social Research Council Report, September 2014, Aberystwyth.
  • Wildman, W., J. Bulbulia, R. Sosis, U. Schjoedt (2020), “Religion and the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Religion Brain and Behavior, 10(2), 115-117.
  • World Health Organisation (2021), https://covid19.who.int/ , E.T.: 18.08.2021.
  • Zeelenberg, M., P. De Jonge, P. Verlegh (2018) “Putting the Public Back in Behavioral Public Policy”, Behavioral Public Policy, 2(2), 218-226.
  • Zeina, A., W. Wade, O. Calvo-Gonzales, D. Goodnow (2018), Behavioral Science Around The World: Profiles of 10 Countries, World Bank Report, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/710771543609067500/pdf/132610-REVISED-00-COUNTRY-PROFILES-dig.pdf
  • Zelekha, Y., G. Avnimelech, E. Sharabi (2014), “Religious Institutions and Entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, 42, 747-767.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Kılıç 0000-0002-2560-3452

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Submission Date March 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Kılıç, E. (2021). COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(Covid 19 Özel Sayısı), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.906709
AMA Kılıç E. COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. November 2021;39(Covid 19 Özel Sayısı):123-134. doi:10.17065/huniibf.906709
Chicago Kılıç, Esra. “COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39, no. Covid 19 Özel Sayısı (November 2021): 123-34. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.906709.
EndNote Kılıç E (November 1, 2021) COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39 Covid 19 Özel Sayısı 123–134.
IEEE E. Kılıç, “COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. Covid 19 Özel Sayısı, pp. 123–134, 2021, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.906709.
ISNAD Kılıç, Esra. “COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39/Covid 19 Özel Sayısı (November 2021), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.906709.
JAMA Kılıç E. COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;39:123–134.
MLA Kılıç, Esra. “COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. Covid 19 Özel Sayısı, 2021, pp. 123-34, doi:10.17065/huniibf.906709.
Vancouver Kılıç E. COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELEDE DAVRANIŞSAL KAMU POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK DİNİN YERİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;39(Covid 19 Özel Sayısı):123-34.

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