Education, Economic Growth, Population Growth And Income Distribution: Turkish Case

Year 2001, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 47 - 60, 01.07.2001

Kemal Baş

Abstract

In recent years, in order to investigate the effect of
several important variables on income distribution, many endeavors have been
made. The principal variables whose effects on income inequality have been
assessed include rate of growth of income, population increase, education
level, educational inequality index and economic structure. The overwhelming
evidence from these studies indicate that there is a strong and statistically
significant positive relationship between educational inequality and income
inequality. In this study, the relationship between the same variables are
investigated. However, instead of cross-country data used in those studies, we
use cross-provincial data available for 19 provinces in Turkey. The statistical
results contradict the relationships suggested by the human capital models
between variables noted above. In this study, none of the estimated
coefficients were found to be statistically significant except the regression
coefficient of educational inequality. Furthermore, contrary to our
expectations, the sign of the coefficient of educational inequality is found to
be negative.

Keywords

Economic growth, population increase, educational inequality, income inequality, income redistribution

EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, GELĐR DAĞILIMI, EĞİTİM VE NÜFUS ARTIŞI İLİŞKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Son yıllarda araştırmacılar, gelir dağılımı üzerinde
etkisi olabilecek değişkenleri bir bir incelemektedirler. Toplumdaki kişilerin
eğitim düzeyi ve dağılımı, bu değişkenler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu konuda
yapılan ampirik çalışmaların büyük bir çoğunluğunda, eğitim düzeyi ve eğitim
dağılımı, gelir dağılımını açıklayan değişkenler içinde önemli bir yer
tutmaktadır. Örneğin, Psacharopoulos’un (1977) çalışmasında elde ettiği
bulgulara göre, eğitim eşitsizlik indeksindeki değişiklik, tek başına, gelir
dağılımındaki eşitsizliğin yüzde 23’ünü açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da aynı
değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Ancak söz konusu çalışmalarda
yatay-kesit ülke verileri kullanılırken, bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki 19 İl’in
yatay-kesit verileri kullanılmıştır. Beşeri sermaye teorisinin önermelerinin
tersine bir sonuç çıkmıştır. Bu iki değişken arasında teoriye göre beklenen
işaret pozitif iken, bu çalışmada ortaya çıkan işaret negatiftir.

Keywords

Ekonomik büyüme, nüfus artışı, eğitim eşitsizliği, gelir eşitsizliği, gelirin yeniden dağılımı

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