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THE USE OF CROWDSOURCING IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF “#HEALTHMINISTRYLISTENİNGTOYOU” HASHTAG OPENED BY THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH DURING COVİD-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2021, Volume: 39 Issue: Covid 19 Özel Sayısı, 55 - 68, 30.11.2021

Kamil Demirhan

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.898867
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Keywords

Covid-19 health ministry crowdsourcing public communication Twitter Covid-19, health ministry, crowdsourcing, public communication, Twitter

References

  • Amnesty.org, (2020), Global: Amnesty Analysis Reveals over 7,000 Health Workers, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/amnesty-analysis-7000-health-workers-have-died-from-covid19/, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Axford, B. (2011), “Talk About a Revolution: Social Media and the MENA Uprisings”, Globalizations, 8(5), 681-686.
  • Batu, M. Z. A. Şentürk, O. Tos (2020), “Health Communication on Social Media: An Analysis on The Twitter Use of The Ministry of Health in Terms of Public Relations Models”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2), 805-828.
  • Berg, B. L. (2001), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Bhattacharya, S., P. Srinivasan, P. Polgreen (2017), “Social media engagement analysis of US Federal health agencies on Facebook”, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 17(1), 49.
  • Bilgiç, A., S. S. Akyüz (2020), “Türkiye’de Covid-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Twitter Paylaşımları İçerik Analizi”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences,230-243.
  • Bonetta, L. (2009), “Should you be tweeting?”, Cell, 139 (3), 452-453.
  • Brabham, D. C. (2013), Crowdsourcing. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Brabham, D. C. (2015), Crowdsourcing in the Public Sector, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  • Bruns, A., J. E. Burgess (2011), “‘#Ausvotes: how Twitter Covered the 2010 Australian Federal Election”, Communication, Politics and Culture, 44(2), 37–56.
  • Chen, Q., C. Min, W. Zhang, G. Wang, X. Ma, R. Evans (2020), “Unpacking the Black Box: How to Promote Citizen Engagement Through Government Social Media During the COVID-19 Crisis”, Computers in Human Beha-vior, 110(106380), 1-11.
  • Clark, B. Y., N. Zingale, J. Logan, J. Brudney (2019), “A Framework for Using Crowdsourcing in Government”, in Information Resources Management Association (ed.) Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, USA: IGI Global, 194-214.
  • D’heer, E., P. Verdegem (2014), “An Intermedia Understanding of the Networked Twitter Ecology”, in B. Pătrut, M. Pătruţ (ed.) Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media, Switzerland: Springer, 81-96.
  • Demirhan, K. (2015), Sosyal Medya ve Siyaset İlişkisinin Müzakereci ve Agonistik Demokrasi Yaklaşımları Çerçevesinde Analizi: Türkiye'de 2014 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi Sürecinde Twitter Kullanımı, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Demirhan, K., A. Çağlar (2020), Sosyal Medya ve Güvenlik Politikaları. (İç) M. Yıldız, C. Babaoğlu (Ed.) Teknoloji ve Kamu Politikaları, Ankara: Gazi Yayınevi, 351-378.
  • Erkek, S. (2016), “Kamu Kurumlarında Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Sağlık Bakanlığı Örneği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35, 141-150.
  • Gaspar, R., S. Gorjão, B. Seibt, L. Lima, J. Barnett, A. Moss, J. Wills (2014), “Tweeting During Food Crises: A Psychosocial Analysis of Threat Coping Expressions in Spain, During the 2011 European EHEC outbreak”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72, 239-254.
  • Gautam, G., D. Shanta, K.S. Malya (2020), “Covid-19 in India: Prospect of crowdsourcing to handle public health crisis”, Anthropology 9, 225.
  • Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (2011), The Rules of Engagement: A Review of the August 2011 Disorders, https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/media/a-review-of-the-august-2011-disorders-20111220.pdf, E.T.: 28.02.2020.
  • Howe, J. (2006), “The Rise of Crowdsourcing”, Wired, https://www.wired.com/ 2006/06/crowds/ E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Ilgın, H. Ö., Ş. C. Ulupınar (2020), “Kamuyu Bilgilendirme Modeli Çerçevesinde Covid 19 Süreci; Dr. Fahrettin Koca Instagram Hesabı Analizi”, Sosyal, Beşerî ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 3(7), 500-517.
  • İş ve Meslek Hastalıkları Uzmanları Derneği ve Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği (2020), https://korona.hasuder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/Mesleksel-COVID_19_Tan%C4%B1_Rehberi_2020.pdf, E.T.: 9 Mart 2021.
  • Kalçık, T., Ü. Altan Bayraktar (2020), “Covid-19 Salgınının Yönetilmesinde Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın Resmi Twitter Hesabı Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Turkish Studies, 15(6), 583-602.
  • Koh, D. (2020), “Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection”, Occupational Medicine, 70(1), 3–5, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa036, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Krippendorf, K. (2004), Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Lachlan, K. A., P. R. Spence, X. Lin (2014), “Expressions of Risk Awareness and Concern Through Twitter: On the Utility of Using the Medium as an Indication of Audience Needs”, Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 554–559.
  • Lehdonvirta, V., J. Bright (2015), “Crowdsourcing for Public Policy and Government, Policy & Internet”, 7(3), 263-267.
  • Liu, H. K. (2017), “Crowdsourcing: Citizens as Coproducers of Public Services”, Policy & Internet, 77(5), 656-667.
  • Liu, H., K. (2021), Crowdsourcing: Citizens as Coproducers of Public Services, Policy & Internet, 13(2), 315-331 Doi: 10.1002/poi3.249
  • Losifidis, P. (2011), “The Public Sphere, Social Networks and Public Service Media”, Information, Communication & Society, 14(5), 619-637.
  • Mengü, S., M. M. Mengü, K. Günay (2021), “Value-Based Communication during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study on the Twitter Messages of Turkish Ministry of Health”, Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, 7, 23-44.
  • Murthy, D. (2013), Twitter: Social Communication in the Twitter Age. UK: Polity.
  • Nam, T. (2012), “Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-Sourcing via Government 2.0”, Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 12-20, ISSN 0740-624X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2011.07.005.
  • Okay, A., Ašanin Gole, P. and Okay, A. (2021), “Turkish and Slovenian Health Ministries' use of Twitter: a Comparative Analysis”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26(1), 176-191. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-01-2020-00199
  • Panagiotopoulos P., F. Bowen (2015), “Conceptualising the Digital Public in Government Crowdsourcing: Social Media and the Imagined Audience. In: Tambouris E. et al. (eds) Electronic Government”, EGOV 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 9248. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4_2
  • Rahimi, B. (2011), “The Agonistic Social Media: Cyberspace in the Formation of Dissent and Consolidation of State Power in Postelection Iran”, The Communication Review, 14(3), 158-178.
  • Schejter, A. M., N. Tirosh (2012), “Social Media New and Old in the Al-’Arakeeb Conflict: A Case Study”, The Information Society, 28(5), 304-315.
  • Small, T. A. (2012), What the Hashtag? A Content Analysis of Canadian Politics on Twitter, in B. D. Loader, D. Mercea (eds.), Social Media and Democracy, New York: Routledge, 109-128.
  • Şahan, C., E. A. Özgür, G. Arkan, M.E. Alagüney, Y. Demiral (2019), COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde Meslek Hastalığı Tanı Kılavuzu, https://korona.hasuder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/Mesleksel-COVID_19Tan%C4%B1Rehberi_ 2020.pdf, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Şeker, S. E. (2015), “Kitle Kaynak (Crowdsourcing)”, YBS Ansiklopedi, 2(2), 1-5.
  • Şenol, Y., K. Avcı (2019), “Sağlık Alanında Kamu Kurumlarının Sosyal Medya Kullanımına Bir Örnek: Sağlık Bakanlığı 2017 Yılı Twitter Hesabının İncelenmesi”, Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 20, 52-57.
  • Tam, M. S. (2020), “Covid-19 Süresince T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Youtube Kanalına İzleyici Dönütleri”, Düşünce ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3, 116-139.
  • Toplu, M. (2018), “Kamu Politikalarının Oluşumu ve Uygulanmasında Medya/Sosyal Medya’nın Rolü”, İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 46, 346-376.
  • Tufan Yeniçıktı, N. (2020), “Sağlık Bakanlığının Instagram Paylaşımları Üzerinden Göstergebilimsel Bir İnceleme: #Hayatevesığar”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19 (Covid 19 Özel sayısı), 365-385.
  • Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği (2020), Hekimler ve Sağlık Çalışanları İçin Covid-19 Korku ve Kaygısıyla Baş Etme Rehberi, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/ uploadFiles/213202011418-saglikcalisanibrosur.pdf, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Vermicelli, S., L. Cricelli, M. Grimaldi (2021), “How Can Crowdsourcing Help tackle the COVID‐19 Pandemic? An Explorative Overview of Innovative Collaborative Practices”, R&D Management, 51, 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12443
  • Vizheh, M., M. Qorbani, S. M. Arzaghi, S. Muhidin, Z. Javanmard, M. Esmaeili (2020), “The Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic Review”. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders”, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00643-9
  • Wendling, C., J. Radisch, S. Jacobzone (2013), “The Use of Social Media in Risk and Crisis Communication”, OECD Working Papers On Public Governance, 25, Paris: OECD.
  • Wazny K. (2018), “Applications of Crowdsourcing in Health: An Overview”, Journal of Global Health, 8(1), doi:10.7189/jogh.08.010502
  • Yavuz, N., Karkın, N., & Sevinç Çubuk, E. B. (2020), Explaining Government Crowdsourcing Decisions: A Theoretical Model. In M. Rodríguez Bolívar, & M. Cortés Cediel (Ed.), Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation: Emerging Research and Opportunities (pp. 159-183). IGI Global. http://doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6.ch008
  • Yıldırım, A. (2014), “Bir Halkla İlişkiler Aracı Olarak Twitter: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Örnek İncelemesi”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2(4), 234-253, doi: 10.19145/guifd.88026
  • Yıldız, M., K. Demirhan (2016), “Analysis and Comparison of The Role of Local Governments with Other Policy Actors in Disaster Relief via Social Media: The Case of Turkey”, in U. Sadioğlu, K. Dede (ed.) Theoretical Foundations and Discussions on the Reformation Process in Local Governments. USA: IGI Global.
  • Yiğitcanlar, T., N. Kankanamge, A. Preston (2020), “How Can Social Media Analytics Assist Authorities in Pandemic-Related Policy Decisions? Insights from Australian States and Serritories”, Health Inf. Sci. Syst. 8(37), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-020-00121-9
  • Zeemering, E. S. (2021), “Functional fragmentation in city hall and Twitter communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Atlanta, San Francisco, and Washington, DC”, Government Information Quarterly, 38(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101539

KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2021, Volume: 39 Issue: Covid 19 Özel Sayısı, 55 - 68, 30.11.2021

Kamil Demirhan

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.898867
Cited By: 3

Abstract

This study aims at analyzing the public communication under the hashtag of #SağlıkBakanlığıSiziDinliyor (HealthMinistryListeningtoYou), opened by the Ministry of Health, in terms of the concept of crowdsourcing. In this study, the content analysis method is used for analyzing publicly available tweets sent to the hashtag of #SağlıkBakanlığıSiziDinliyor between April 24 and 22 June, 2020. Tweets are classified thematically, and descriptive findings are presented computationally. This study presents that the concepts of crowdsourcing and citizen sourcing have the potential to explain the public communication under the hashtag. During the pandemic, citizens and health personnel sent tweets including information, opinion, demands, suggestions, satisfaction, and complaints to the ministry using this communication platform. Communication under this hashtag is not only realized between the ministry and citizens, communication has also been realized as a more expanded level between citizen to citizen and citizen to other public actors. When this case is evaluated with regards to the influence of horizontal communication networks on the decision-making process, the potential of tweets on decisions is being more obvious. That the ministry did not give feedback to the citizens sharing messages under this hashtag shows that the interaction was low during the communication process.

Keywords

Covid-19 Sağlık Bakanlığı kamusal iletişim kitle kaynak Twitter

References

  • Amnesty.org, (2020), Global: Amnesty Analysis Reveals over 7,000 Health Workers, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/amnesty-analysis-7000-health-workers-have-died-from-covid19/, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Axford, B. (2011), “Talk About a Revolution: Social Media and the MENA Uprisings”, Globalizations, 8(5), 681-686.
  • Batu, M. Z. A. Şentürk, O. Tos (2020), “Health Communication on Social Media: An Analysis on The Twitter Use of The Ministry of Health in Terms of Public Relations Models”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2), 805-828.
  • Berg, B. L. (2001), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Bhattacharya, S., P. Srinivasan, P. Polgreen (2017), “Social media engagement analysis of US Federal health agencies on Facebook”, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 17(1), 49.
  • Bilgiç, A., S. S. Akyüz (2020), “Türkiye’de Covid-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Twitter Paylaşımları İçerik Analizi”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences,230-243.
  • Bonetta, L. (2009), “Should you be tweeting?”, Cell, 139 (3), 452-453.
  • Brabham, D. C. (2013), Crowdsourcing. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Brabham, D. C. (2015), Crowdsourcing in the Public Sector, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  • Bruns, A., J. E. Burgess (2011), “‘#Ausvotes: how Twitter Covered the 2010 Australian Federal Election”, Communication, Politics and Culture, 44(2), 37–56.
  • Chen, Q., C. Min, W. Zhang, G. Wang, X. Ma, R. Evans (2020), “Unpacking the Black Box: How to Promote Citizen Engagement Through Government Social Media During the COVID-19 Crisis”, Computers in Human Beha-vior, 110(106380), 1-11.
  • Clark, B. Y., N. Zingale, J. Logan, J. Brudney (2019), “A Framework for Using Crowdsourcing in Government”, in Information Resources Management Association (ed.) Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, USA: IGI Global, 194-214.
  • D’heer, E., P. Verdegem (2014), “An Intermedia Understanding of the Networked Twitter Ecology”, in B. Pătrut, M. Pătruţ (ed.) Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media, Switzerland: Springer, 81-96.
  • Demirhan, K. (2015), Sosyal Medya ve Siyaset İlişkisinin Müzakereci ve Agonistik Demokrasi Yaklaşımları Çerçevesinde Analizi: Türkiye'de 2014 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi Sürecinde Twitter Kullanımı, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Demirhan, K., A. Çağlar (2020), Sosyal Medya ve Güvenlik Politikaları. (İç) M. Yıldız, C. Babaoğlu (Ed.) Teknoloji ve Kamu Politikaları, Ankara: Gazi Yayınevi, 351-378.
  • Erkek, S. (2016), “Kamu Kurumlarında Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Sağlık Bakanlığı Örneği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35, 141-150.
  • Gaspar, R., S. Gorjão, B. Seibt, L. Lima, J. Barnett, A. Moss, J. Wills (2014), “Tweeting During Food Crises: A Psychosocial Analysis of Threat Coping Expressions in Spain, During the 2011 European EHEC outbreak”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72, 239-254.
  • Gautam, G., D. Shanta, K.S. Malya (2020), “Covid-19 in India: Prospect of crowdsourcing to handle public health crisis”, Anthropology 9, 225.
  • Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (2011), The Rules of Engagement: A Review of the August 2011 Disorders, https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/media/a-review-of-the-august-2011-disorders-20111220.pdf, E.T.: 28.02.2020.
  • Howe, J. (2006), “The Rise of Crowdsourcing”, Wired, https://www.wired.com/ 2006/06/crowds/ E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Ilgın, H. Ö., Ş. C. Ulupınar (2020), “Kamuyu Bilgilendirme Modeli Çerçevesinde Covid 19 Süreci; Dr. Fahrettin Koca Instagram Hesabı Analizi”, Sosyal, Beşerî ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 3(7), 500-517.
  • İş ve Meslek Hastalıkları Uzmanları Derneği ve Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği (2020), https://korona.hasuder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/Mesleksel-COVID_19_Tan%C4%B1_Rehberi_2020.pdf, E.T.: 9 Mart 2021.
  • Kalçık, T., Ü. Altan Bayraktar (2020), “Covid-19 Salgınının Yönetilmesinde Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın Resmi Twitter Hesabı Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Turkish Studies, 15(6), 583-602.
  • Koh, D. (2020), “Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection”, Occupational Medicine, 70(1), 3–5, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa036, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Krippendorf, K. (2004), Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Lachlan, K. A., P. R. Spence, X. Lin (2014), “Expressions of Risk Awareness and Concern Through Twitter: On the Utility of Using the Medium as an Indication of Audience Needs”, Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 554–559.
  • Lehdonvirta, V., J. Bright (2015), “Crowdsourcing for Public Policy and Government, Policy & Internet”, 7(3), 263-267.
  • Liu, H. K. (2017), “Crowdsourcing: Citizens as Coproducers of Public Services”, Policy & Internet, 77(5), 656-667.
  • Liu, H., K. (2021), Crowdsourcing: Citizens as Coproducers of Public Services, Policy & Internet, 13(2), 315-331 Doi: 10.1002/poi3.249
  • Losifidis, P. (2011), “The Public Sphere, Social Networks and Public Service Media”, Information, Communication & Society, 14(5), 619-637.
  • Mengü, S., M. M. Mengü, K. Günay (2021), “Value-Based Communication during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study on the Twitter Messages of Turkish Ministry of Health”, Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, 7, 23-44.
  • Murthy, D. (2013), Twitter: Social Communication in the Twitter Age. UK: Polity.
  • Nam, T. (2012), “Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-Sourcing via Government 2.0”, Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 12-20, ISSN 0740-624X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2011.07.005.
  • Okay, A., Ašanin Gole, P. and Okay, A. (2021), “Turkish and Slovenian Health Ministries' use of Twitter: a Comparative Analysis”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26(1), 176-191. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-01-2020-00199
  • Panagiotopoulos P., F. Bowen (2015), “Conceptualising the Digital Public in Government Crowdsourcing: Social Media and the Imagined Audience. In: Tambouris E. et al. (eds) Electronic Government”, EGOV 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 9248. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4_2
  • Rahimi, B. (2011), “The Agonistic Social Media: Cyberspace in the Formation of Dissent and Consolidation of State Power in Postelection Iran”, The Communication Review, 14(3), 158-178.
  • Schejter, A. M., N. Tirosh (2012), “Social Media New and Old in the Al-’Arakeeb Conflict: A Case Study”, The Information Society, 28(5), 304-315.
  • Small, T. A. (2012), What the Hashtag? A Content Analysis of Canadian Politics on Twitter, in B. D. Loader, D. Mercea (eds.), Social Media and Democracy, New York: Routledge, 109-128.
  • Şahan, C., E. A. Özgür, G. Arkan, M.E. Alagüney, Y. Demiral (2019), COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde Meslek Hastalığı Tanı Kılavuzu, https://korona.hasuder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/Mesleksel-COVID_19Tan%C4%B1Rehberi_ 2020.pdf, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Şeker, S. E. (2015), “Kitle Kaynak (Crowdsourcing)”, YBS Ansiklopedi, 2(2), 1-5.
  • Şenol, Y., K. Avcı (2019), “Sağlık Alanında Kamu Kurumlarının Sosyal Medya Kullanımına Bir Örnek: Sağlık Bakanlığı 2017 Yılı Twitter Hesabının İncelenmesi”, Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 20, 52-57.
  • Tam, M. S. (2020), “Covid-19 Süresince T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Youtube Kanalına İzleyici Dönütleri”, Düşünce ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3, 116-139.
  • Toplu, M. (2018), “Kamu Politikalarının Oluşumu ve Uygulanmasında Medya/Sosyal Medya’nın Rolü”, İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 46, 346-376.
  • Tufan Yeniçıktı, N. (2020), “Sağlık Bakanlığının Instagram Paylaşımları Üzerinden Göstergebilimsel Bir İnceleme: #Hayatevesığar”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19 (Covid 19 Özel sayısı), 365-385.
  • Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği (2020), Hekimler ve Sağlık Çalışanları İçin Covid-19 Korku ve Kaygısıyla Baş Etme Rehberi, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/ uploadFiles/213202011418-saglikcalisanibrosur.pdf, E.T.: 6 Mart 2021.
  • Vermicelli, S., L. Cricelli, M. Grimaldi (2021), “How Can Crowdsourcing Help tackle the COVID‐19 Pandemic? An Explorative Overview of Innovative Collaborative Practices”, R&D Management, 51, 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12443
  • Vizheh, M., M. Qorbani, S. M. Arzaghi, S. Muhidin, Z. Javanmard, M. Esmaeili (2020), “The Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic Review”. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders”, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00643-9
  • Wendling, C., J. Radisch, S. Jacobzone (2013), “The Use of Social Media in Risk and Crisis Communication”, OECD Working Papers On Public Governance, 25, Paris: OECD.
  • Wazny K. (2018), “Applications of Crowdsourcing in Health: An Overview”, Journal of Global Health, 8(1), doi:10.7189/jogh.08.010502
  • Yavuz, N., Karkın, N., & Sevinç Çubuk, E. B. (2020), Explaining Government Crowdsourcing Decisions: A Theoretical Model. In M. Rodríguez Bolívar, & M. Cortés Cediel (Ed.), Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation: Emerging Research and Opportunities (pp. 159-183). IGI Global. http://doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6.ch008
  • Yıldırım, A. (2014), “Bir Halkla İlişkiler Aracı Olarak Twitter: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Örnek İncelemesi”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2(4), 234-253, doi: 10.19145/guifd.88026
  • Yıldız, M., K. Demirhan (2016), “Analysis and Comparison of The Role of Local Governments with Other Policy Actors in Disaster Relief via Social Media: The Case of Turkey”, in U. Sadioğlu, K. Dede (ed.) Theoretical Foundations and Discussions on the Reformation Process in Local Governments. USA: IGI Global.
  • Yiğitcanlar, T., N. Kankanamge, A. Preston (2020), “How Can Social Media Analytics Assist Authorities in Pandemic-Related Policy Decisions? Insights from Australian States and Serritories”, Health Inf. Sci. Syst. 8(37), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-020-00121-9
  • Zeemering, E. S. (2021), “Functional fragmentation in city hall and Twitter communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Atlanta, San Francisco, and Washington, DC”, Government Information Quarterly, 38(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101539
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kamil Demirhan 0000-0001-9905-6327

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Submission Date March 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 39 Issue: Covid 19 Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Demirhan, K. (2021). KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(Covid 19 Özel Sayısı), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.898867
AMA Demirhan K. KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. November 2021;39(Covid 19 Özel Sayısı):55-68. doi:10.17065/huniibf.898867
Chicago Demirhan, Kamil. “KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39, no. Covid 19 Özel Sayısı (November 2021): 55-68. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.898867.
EndNote Demirhan K (November 1, 2021) KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39 Covid 19 Özel Sayısı 55–68.
IEEE K. Demirhan, “KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. Covid 19 Özel Sayısı, pp. 55–68, 2021, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.898867.
ISNAD Demirhan, Kamil. “KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 39/Covid 19 Özel Sayısı (November 2021), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.898867.
JAMA Demirhan K. KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;39:55–68.
MLA Demirhan, Kamil. “KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. Covid 19 Özel Sayısı, 2021, pp. 55-68, doi:10.17065/huniibf.898867.
Vancouver Demirhan K. KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ KİTLE KAYNAK KULLANIMI: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI TARAFINDAN COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AÇILAN #SAĞLIKBAKANLIĞISİZİDİNLİYOR ETİKETİ ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;39(Covid 19 Özel Sayısı):55-68.

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