Beşeri Sermaye Yeşil Ekonomik Büyümeyi Destekliyor Mu? Nordic Ülkeleri İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 22 - 40, 26.03.2025

Cuma Demirtaş

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, farklı eğitim düzeylerini dikkate alarak beşeri sermayenin yeşil ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini Nordic ülkelerinde (Danimarka, İzlanda, Finlandiya, İsveç ve Norveç) 2010-2022 dönemi için panel veri yöntemiyle analiz etmektir. Beşeri sermayenin yeşil ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi düşük olmakla birlikte karmaşıktır. Ülke bazlı sonuçlara göre: İsveç’te ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim düzeyleri, Finlandiya ve Norveç’te ise yalnızca ilköğretim düzeyi yeşil ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilerken; Danimarka’da ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim düzeyleri, İzlanda ve Norveç’te ise ortaöğretim düzeyi yeşil ekonomik büyümeyi negatif etkilemektedir. Panel sonuçlarına göre ise yalnızca yükseköğretim düzeyi anlamlı ve negatif bir etkiye sahiptir. Kontrol değişkenler olarak kullanılan, internet kullanımının genel olarak pozitif bir etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Yenilenebilir enerjinin etkisi ise karmaşıktır; Danimarka ve Finlandiya’da pozitifken, diğer ülkelerde ve panel genelinde negatif etkiye sahiptir. Son olarak, tüm gruplarda finansal gelişmenin yeşil ekonomik büyüme üzerinde negatif bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın, yüksek eğitim düzeyleriyle dünya çapında tanınan ancak bu özel bağlamda nispeten az araştırılmış olan İskandinav ülkelerinde, beşeri sermayenin yeşil ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini inceleyerek literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

Beşeri Sermaye, Yeşil Ekonomik Büyümeye, Teknolojik Gelişme, Nordic Ülkeleri

Does Human Capital Support Green Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis For The Nordic Countries

Abstract

This study examines the impact of human capital on green economic growth in Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Sweden, and Norway) from 2010 to 2022 using the panel data method, considering different education levels. The effect of human capital is low but complex. Country-specific findings indicate that primary and secondary education positively influence green growth in Sweden, while only primary education has a positive impact in Finland and Norway. Conversely, primary and secondary education in Denmark and secondary education in Iceland and Norway negatively affect green growth. Panel results reveal that only higher education has a significant negative impact. Internet usage, included as a control variable, generally has a positive effect. The impact of renewable energy varies; it is positive in Denmark and Finland but negative in other countries and at the panel level. Financial development is found to have a negative impact across all groups.This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the relatively underexplored role of human capital in green economic growth within Nordic countries, which are globally recognized for their strong education systems.

Keywords

Human Capital, Green Economic Growth, Technological Development, Nordic Countries

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