REFAHIN DİJİTALLEŞMESİ YENİ SOSYAL RİSKLERİ Mİ ORTAYA ÇIKARIYOR? İNGİLTERE, FİNLANDİYA VE İSVEÇ ÖRNEKLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 106 - 132, 01.10.2023

Didem Koca

Öz

Mevcut sosyal politika literatürü, refah devletlerinin dijital çağda bugün nasıl değiştiğini yeterince açıklamıyor. Ancak günümüz yaşam koşullarında dijitalleşmenin refah devletlerinin politika paradigmalarını nasıl temelden değiştirdiğine tanık oluyoruz. Özellikle kamu yönetiminde veri odaklı sistemlere geçiş, bir süredir birçok ülkenin önemli gündem maddelerinden biri. Böyle bir manzara, geleneksel refah devletlerine yönelik bazı fırsatların ve zorlukların tartışılması için uygun bir zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu tartışmaların ana teması “geleneksel refah devletleri dönüşüyor mu?” sorusu etrafında yoğunlaşıyor. Bu makale, sosyal politikada dijitalleşmenin seyrini takip etmekte ve günümüzde dijital sosyal politikayı uygulayan ülkelerin karşılaştığı fırsatları ve zorlukları betimsel bir şekilde analiz etmektedir. Makale üç ana bölüm halinde düzenlenmiştir. İlk bölümde sosyal politikada dijitalleşmenin seyri ve dijitalleşme yolundaki dönüm noktaları tartışılarak dijital refah devleti kavramsal olarak analiz ediliyor. İkinci bölümde dijital refah devletinin fırsatları, riskleri ve ikilemleri tartışılıyor. Son bölümde ise İngiltere, Finlandiya ve İsveç'in dijital refah devleti uygulamaları analiz edilmektedir. Araştırmanın bulguları, dijital refah sistemlerinin avantajların yanı sıra ciddi ikilemleri ve riskleri de beraberinde getirdiğini göstermektedir. Araştırma, dijital refah sistemlerinin "yeni sosyal riskler" yaratma eğiliminde olduğunu gösteriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Politika, Dijital Refah, Refah Devleti, Dijital Eşitsizlik.

Is the Digitalisation of Welfare Creating New Social Risks? The Cases of the UK, Finland and Sweden

Öz

Existing social policy literature does not adequately explain how welfare states are changing today in the digital age. However, we are witnessing how digitalisation is fundamentally shifting the policy paradigms of welfare states in today's living conditions. The transition to data-driven systems, especially in public administration, has been one of the important agenda items of many countries for some time. Such a landscape has provided a suitable ground for discussing some opportunities and challenges for traditional welfare states. The main theme of these debates is centred around the question "are traditional welfare states transforming?".This article traces the course of digitalisation in social policy and analyses the opportunities and challenges faced by countries implementing digital social policy today in a descriptive manner. The article is organised in three main parts. In the first part, the digital welfare state is conceptually analysed by discussing the course of digitalisation in social policy and the turning points on the road to digitalisation. In the second part, the opportunities, risks and dilemmas of the digital welfare state are discussed. In the last section, the digital welfare state practices of the UK, Finland and Sweden are analysed. The findings of the research indicate that digital welfare systems bring serious dilemmas and risks as well as advantages. The research shows that digital welfare systems tend to create "new social risks".

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Policy, Digital Welfare, Welfare state, Digital Inequality.

Kaynakça

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