Life Skills and Occupational Therapy in Children and Adolescents

Abstract

In occupational therapy, skills are defined as performance elements acquired through training and practice. Skills contribute to the function of individuals as part of the community to which they belong. Occupational therapists help clients to create individualized goals through life skills training. Life skills training consists of programs for children and adolescents to meet the requirements of life and to develop the social, emotional, behavioral and interpersonal skills of these individuals. Observations, interviews, questionnaires, checklists and standard assessments can be used to assess life skills. Several standardized tests are available for these assessments. Life skills training programs can be given to cope with alcohol, tobacco and substance abuse and chronic diseases such as diabetes. In these programs, studies on bonding, flexibility, self-control, self-efficacy, positive identity as well as physical, cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral and moral competence can be found. Cognitive-behavioral skills training techniques and didactic teaching methods are used in this training. In addition, it is important to implement this training in schools in order to reach children and adolescents who have received inclusive education more easily.

Keywords

• Children,adolescent,life skills

Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Yaşam Becerileri ve Ergoterapi

Abstract

Ergoterapi alanında beceri, eğitim ve uygulama yoluyla edinilen performans unsuru olarak tanımlanır. Beceriler, kişilerin ait oldukları topluluğun bir parçası olarak işlev görmesine katkıda bulunur. Ergoterapistler, danışanlara yaşam becerileri eğitimi yoluyla bireyselleştirilmiş hedefler yaratmalarında yardımcı olurlar. Yaşam becerileri eğitimi, çocukların ve ergenlerin hayatın gerekliliklerini karşılamaları amacıyla verilen ve bu bireylerin sosyal, duygusal, davranışsal ve kişilerarası becerilerini geliştirmeyi sağlayan programlardan oluşmaktadır. Yaşam becerileri değerlendirilirken gözlem, görüşmeler, anketler, kontrol listeleri ve standart değerlendirmeler kullanılabilir. Bu değerlendirmelere yönelik birçok standardize test mevcuttur. Yaşam becerileri eğitimi programları; alkol, tütün ve madde kullanımı ve diyabet gibi kronik hastalıklarla başa çıkma amacıyla verilebilmektedir. Bu programlarda bağ kurma, esneklik, öz denetim, öz yeterlilik, pozitif kimlikle birlikte fiziksel, bilişsel, sosyal, duygusal ve davranışsal ve ahlaki yeterliliğe yönelik çalışmalar bulunabilmektedir. Bu eğitim verilirken bilişsel-davranışçı beceri eğitimi teknikleri, didaktik öğretim yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca kaynaştırma eğitim alan çocuk ve ergenlere daha kolay ulaşabilmek amacıyla bu eğitimin okullarda uygulanması önemlidir. 

Keywords

• Çocuk,ergen,yaşam becerisi

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