Review
Efficiency of Immunonutrition in Surgical Cancer Patients
Year 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, 1 - 16, 31.12.2016Abstract
The enteral diet enriched with arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotides named as immunonutrition reduce the duration of hospital stay after surgery, infectious complications and the risk of morbidity. These nutrients modulate inflammatory response, intestinal and immunological functions. The immune system is the primary defense against pathogenic microorganisms and cancer cells. The release of proinflammatory cytokines, the formation of reactive oxygen nitrogen species are required for the inflammatory response. Regulation of the immune system with dietary components has become as an important additional therapy in cancer patients. Although there are randomized controlled trials showing positive effects of immunonutrients in serious diseases such as trauma or burn, there is no strong evidence for these effects in cancer patients. Further prospective studies are needed to demonstrate beneficial effects of immunonutrition in cancer patients. In this review, studies evaluating the efficacy of immunonutrition in cancer patients are summarized.
Keywords
References
- Kaynakça Arends, J., Bodoky, G., Bozzetti, F., Fearon, K., Muscaritoli, M., Selga, G., von Meyenfeldt, M., Zürcher, G., Fietkau, R., & Aulbert, E. (2006). ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clinical Nutrition, 25(2), 245-259. Barker, L., Gray, C., Wilson, L., Thomson, B., Shedda, S., & Crowe, T. (2013). Preoperative immunonutrition and its effect on postoperative outcomes in well-nourished and malnourished gastrointestinal surgery patients: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(8), 802-807. Braga, M., Gianotti, L., Nespoli, L., Radaelli, G., & Di Carlo, V. (2002). Nutritional approach in malnourished surgical patients: a prospective randomized study. Archives of Surgery, 137(2), 174-180. Burns, C. P., Halabi, S., Clamon, G., Kaplan, E., Hohl, R. J., Atkins, J. N., Schwartz, M. A., Wagner, B. A., & Paskett, E. (2004). Phase II study of high-dose fish oil capsules for patients with cancer-related cachexia. Cancer, 101(2), 370-378. Cho-Chung, Y. S., Clair, T., Bodwin, J. S., & Berghoffer, B. (1981). Growth arrest and morphological change of human breast cancer cells by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and L-arginine. Science, 214(4516), 77-79. Cory, J. G., & Cory, A. H. (2006). Critical roles of glutamine as nitrogen donors in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis: asparaginase treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In vivo, 20(5), 587-589. Daly, J., Lieberman, M., Goldfine, J., Shou, J., Weintraub, F., Rosato, E., & Lavin, P. (1992). Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery, 112(1), 56-67. De Luis, D., Izaola, O., Cuellar, L., Terroba, M., Martin, T., & Ventosa, M. (2010). A randomized double-blind clinical trial with two different doses of arginine enhanced enteral nutrition in postsurgical cancer patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 14(11), 941-945. Di Carlo, V., Gianotti, L., Balzano, G., Zerbi, A., & Braga, M. (1999). Complications of pancreatic surgery and the role of perioperative nutrition. Digestive surgery, 16(4), 320-326. dos Santos, R. d. G. C., Viana, M. L., Generoso, S. V., Arantes, R. E., Davisson Correia, M. I. T., & Cardoso, V. N. (2010). Glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in an experimental mouse model. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 34(4), 408-413. Fearnhead, N. S., Wilding, J. L., & Bodmer, W. F. (2002). Genetics of colorectal cancer: hereditary aspects and overview of colorectal tumorigenesis. British Medical Bulletin, 64(1), 27-43. Fujitani, K., Tsujinaka, T., Fujita, J., Miyashiro, I., Imamura, H., Kimura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kurokawa, Y., Shimokawa, T., & Furukawa, H. (2012). Prospective randomized trial of preoperative enteral immunonutrition followed by elective total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. British Journal of Surgery, 99(5), 621-629. Gianotti, L., Braga, M., Biffi, R., Bozzetti, F., & Mariani, L. (2009). Perioperative intravenous glutamine supplemetation in major abdominal surgery for cancer: a randomized multicenter trial. Annals of Surgery, 250(5), 684-690. Gianotti, L., Braga, M., Nespoli, L., Radaelli, G., Beneduce, A., & Di Carlo, V. (2002). A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology, 122(7), 1763-1770. Giger-Pabst, U., Lange, J., Maurer, C., Bucher, C., Schreiber, V., Schlumpf, R., Kocher, T., Schweizer, W., Krähenbühl, S., & Krähenbühl, L. (2013). Short-term preoperative supplementation of an immunoenriched diet does not improve clinical outcome in well-nourished patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery. Nutrition, 29(5), 724-729. Gregoire, V., Lefebvre, J.-L., Licitra, L., Felip, E., & Group, E. E. E. G. W. (2010). Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: EHNS–ESMO–ESTRO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 21(suppl 5), v184-v186. Grimm, H., Tibell, A., Norrlind, B., Blecher, C., Wilker, S., & Schwemmle, K. (1994). Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids: impact of the n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 18(5), 417-421. Hanna, M. K., & Kudsk, K. A. (2000). Nutritional and Pharmacological Enhancement of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 14(Suppl D), 145D-151D. Heyland, D. K., Dhaliwal, R., Drover, J. W., Gramlich, L., & Dodek, P. (2003). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 27(5), 355-373. Heyland, D. K., Novak, F., Drover, J. W., Jain, M., Su, X., & Suchner, U. (2001). Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients?: A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA, 286(8), 944-953. Heys, S. D., Walker, L. G., Smith, I., & Eremin, O. (1999). Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Annals of Surgery, 229(4), 467. Jones, N. E., & Heyland, D. K. (2008). Pharmaconutrition: a new emerging paradigm. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 24(2), 215-222. Kemen, M., Senkal, M., Homann, H.-H., Mumme, A., Dauphin, A.-K., Baier, J., Windeler, J., Neumann, H., & Zumtobel, V. (1995). Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acid-supplemented diet versus placebo in cancer patients: An immunologic evaluation of Impact Registered Trademark. Critical Care Medicine, 23(4), 652-659. Kinsella, J. E., Lokesh, B., Broughton, S., & Whelan, J. (1990). Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids: potential effects on the modulation of inflammatory and immune cells: an overview. Nutrition (Burbank), 6(1), 24-44. Klek, S. (2011). Immunonutrition in cancer patients. In): Elsevier. Lobo, D. N., Williams, R. N., Welch, N. T., Aloysius, M. M., Nunes, Q. M., Padmanabhan, J., Crowe, J. R., Iftikhar, S. Y., Parsons, S. L., & Neal, K. R. (2006). Early postoperative jejunostomy feeding with an immune modulating diet in patients undergoing resectional surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Clinical Nutrition, 25(5), 716-726. Marin, V. B., Rodriguez-Osiac, L., Schlessinger, L., Villegas, J., Lopez, M., & Castillo-Duran, C. (2006). Controlled study of enteral arginine supplementation in burned children: impact on immunologic and metabolic status. Nutrition, 22(7), 705-712. Maruyama, T., Mimura, K., Izawa, S., Shiba, S., Watanabe, M., Kawaguchi, Y., Fujii, H., & Kono, K. (2011). Immunonutritional diet modulates natural killer cell activation and Th17 cell distribution in patients with gastric and esophageal cancer. Nutrition, 27(2), 146-152. McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Vanek, V. W., McCarthy, M., Roberts, P., Taylor, B., Ochoa, J. B., Napolitano, L., & Cresci, G. (2009). Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 33(3), 277-316. McCowen, K. C., & Bistrian, B. R. (2003). Immunonutrition: problematic or problem solving? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(4), 764-770. Moskovitz, D. N., & Kim, Y.-I. (2004). Does perioperative immunonutrition reduce postoperative complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing operations? Nutrition Reviews, 62(11), 443-447. Mudge, L., Isenring, E., & Jamieson, G. (2011). Immunonutrition in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection. Diseases of the Esophagus, 24(3), 160-165. Nanthakumaran, S., Brown, I., Heys, S. D., & Schofield, A. C. (2009). Inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth by arginine: molecular mechanisms of action. Clinical Nutrition, 28(1), 65-70. Newsholme, E., Crabtree, B., & Ardawi, M. (1985). The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells. Bioscience Reports, 5(5), 393-400. Newsholme, P. (2001). Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? The Journal of Nutrition, 131(9), 2515S-2522S. Nieves Jr, C., & Langkamp-Henken, B. (2002). Arginine and immunity: a unique perspective. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 56(10), 471-482. Okamoto, Y., Okano, K., Izuishi, K., Usuki, H., Wakabayashi, H., & Suzuki, Y. (2009). Attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response and infectious complications after gastrectomy with preoperative oral arginine and ω-3 fatty acids supplemented immunonutrition. World Journal of Surgery, 33(9), 1815-1821. Ootsuka, Y., Blessing, W. W., Steiner, A. A., & Romanovsky, A. A. (2008). Fever response to intravenous prostaglandin E2 is mediated by the brain but does not require afferent vagal signaling. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 294(4), R1294-R1303. Osland, E., Hossain, M. B., Khan, S., & Memon, M. A. (2014). Effect of timing of pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) administration on outcomes of elective surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 38(1), 53-69. Osland, E. J., & Memon, M. A. (2011). Are we jumping the gun with pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) in gastrointestinal onoclogical surgery? World Journal Of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 3(9), 128. Öztürk, E. Kanser ve İmmunonütrisyon. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi 2010;17:239-246 Park, K., Heys, S., Eremin, O., & Garlick, P. (1990). The effect of L-arginine on the growth and metabolism of an experimental lung cancer. Clin Res Clin Oncol, 38, 1709-1715. Pegg, A., & McCann, P. (1982). Polyamine metabolism and function. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 243(5), C212-C221. Ricchi, P., Zarrilli, R., Di Palma, A., & Acquaviva, A. (2003). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal cancer: from prevention to therapy. British Journal of Cancer, 88(6), 803-807. Roth, E., Spittler, A., & Oehler, R. (1995). Glutamine: effects on the immune system, protein balance and intestinal functions. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 108(21), 669-676. Ryan, A. M., Reynolds, J. V., Healy, L., Byrne, M., Moore, J., Brannelly, N., McHugh, A., McCormack, D., & Flood, P. (2009). Enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) preserves lean body mass following esophageal cancer surgery: results of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Annals of Surgery, 249(3), 355-363. Schneider, H., & Atkinson, S. (1999). Immunonutrition-fact or fad. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 4(2), 120-123. Serhan, C. N., & Petasis, N. A. (2011). Resolvins and protectins in inflammation-resolution. Chemical reviews, 111(10), 5922. Stableforth, W., Thomas, S., & Lewis, S. (2009). A systematic review of the role of immunonutrition in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 38(2), 103-110. Tokatlı A. İmmünonütrisyon. ANKEM 2002;16:390-394. Vasson, M.-P., Talvas, J., Perche, O., Dillies, A.-F., Bachmann, P., Pezet, D., Achim, A.-C., Pommier, P., Racadot, S., & Weber, A. (2014). Immunonutrition improves functional capacities in head and neck and esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiochemotherapy: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition, 33(2), 204-210. Wu, G. H., Zhang, Y. W., & Wu, Z. H. (2001). Modulation of postoperative immune and inflammatory response by immune-enhancing enteral diet in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pancreas, 3(3). Zheng, Y.-M., Li, F., Qi, B.-J., Luo, B., Sun, H.-C., Liu, S., & Wu, X.-T. (2007). Application of perioperative immunonutrition for gastrointestinal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16(S1), 253-257. Zheng, Y.-M., Li, F., Zhang, M.-M., & Wu, X.-T. (2006). Glutamine dipeptide for parenteral nutrition in abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12(46), 7537.
Cerrahi Kanserli Hastalarda İmmünonütrisyonun Etkinliği
Year 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, 1 - 16, 31.12.2016Abstract
İmmünonütrisyon olarak adlandırılan arjinin, glutamin, omega-3 yağ asitleri ve nükleotidlerle zenginleştirilen enteral diyet, cerrahi sonrası hastanede kalış süresini, infeksiyöz komplikasyon ve morbidite riskini azaltmaktadır. Bu nütrientler inflamatuar yanıtı, bağırsak ve immün fonksiyonları düzenlemektedir. İmmün sistem, patojen mikroorganizmalara ve kanser hücrelerine karşı birincil savunmadır. Proinflamuar sitokinlerin salınması, reaktif oksijen nitrojen türlerinin oluşumu inflamatuar yanıt için gereklidir. İmmün sistemin diyet bileşenleri ile güçlendirilerek regüle edilmesi kanser hastalarında önemli bir ek tedavi olarak kabul edilmeye başlanmıştır. Travma veya yanık gibi ciddi hastalıklarda immünonütrientlerin olumlu etkilerini gösteren randomize kontrollü çalışmalar olmasına rağmen kanser hastalarında bu etkileri gösteren güçlü kanıtlar yoktur. Kanser hastalarında immüonütrisyonun faydalı etkilerini gösterebilmek için daha çok prospektif çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu derlemede kanserli hastalarda immunonütrisyon desteğinin etkinliği değerlendiren çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Kaynakça Arends, J., Bodoky, G., Bozzetti, F., Fearon, K., Muscaritoli, M., Selga, G., von Meyenfeldt, M., Zürcher, G., Fietkau, R., & Aulbert, E. (2006). ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clinical Nutrition, 25(2), 245-259. Barker, L., Gray, C., Wilson, L., Thomson, B., Shedda, S., & Crowe, T. (2013). Preoperative immunonutrition and its effect on postoperative outcomes in well-nourished and malnourished gastrointestinal surgery patients: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(8), 802-807. Braga, M., Gianotti, L., Nespoli, L., Radaelli, G., & Di Carlo, V. (2002). Nutritional approach in malnourished surgical patients: a prospective randomized study. Archives of Surgery, 137(2), 174-180. Burns, C. P., Halabi, S., Clamon, G., Kaplan, E., Hohl, R. J., Atkins, J. N., Schwartz, M. A., Wagner, B. A., & Paskett, E. (2004). Phase II study of high-dose fish oil capsules for patients with cancer-related cachexia. Cancer, 101(2), 370-378. Cho-Chung, Y. S., Clair, T., Bodwin, J. S., & Berghoffer, B. (1981). Growth arrest and morphological change of human breast cancer cells by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and L-arginine. Science, 214(4516), 77-79. Cory, J. G., & Cory, A. H. (2006). Critical roles of glutamine as nitrogen donors in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis: asparaginase treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In vivo, 20(5), 587-589. Daly, J., Lieberman, M., Goldfine, J., Shou, J., Weintraub, F., Rosato, E., & Lavin, P. (1992). Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery, 112(1), 56-67. De Luis, D., Izaola, O., Cuellar, L., Terroba, M., Martin, T., & Ventosa, M. (2010). A randomized double-blind clinical trial with two different doses of arginine enhanced enteral nutrition in postsurgical cancer patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 14(11), 941-945. Di Carlo, V., Gianotti, L., Balzano, G., Zerbi, A., & Braga, M. (1999). Complications of pancreatic surgery and the role of perioperative nutrition. Digestive surgery, 16(4), 320-326. dos Santos, R. d. G. C., Viana, M. L., Generoso, S. V., Arantes, R. E., Davisson Correia, M. I. T., & Cardoso, V. N. (2010). Glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in an experimental mouse model. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 34(4), 408-413. Fearnhead, N. S., Wilding, J. L., & Bodmer, W. F. (2002). Genetics of colorectal cancer: hereditary aspects and overview of colorectal tumorigenesis. British Medical Bulletin, 64(1), 27-43. Fujitani, K., Tsujinaka, T., Fujita, J., Miyashiro, I., Imamura, H., Kimura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kurokawa, Y., Shimokawa, T., & Furukawa, H. (2012). Prospective randomized trial of preoperative enteral immunonutrition followed by elective total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. British Journal of Surgery, 99(5), 621-629. Gianotti, L., Braga, M., Biffi, R., Bozzetti, F., & Mariani, L. (2009). Perioperative intravenous glutamine supplemetation in major abdominal surgery for cancer: a randomized multicenter trial. Annals of Surgery, 250(5), 684-690. Gianotti, L., Braga, M., Nespoli, L., Radaelli, G., Beneduce, A., & Di Carlo, V. (2002). A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology, 122(7), 1763-1770. Giger-Pabst, U., Lange, J., Maurer, C., Bucher, C., Schreiber, V., Schlumpf, R., Kocher, T., Schweizer, W., Krähenbühl, S., & Krähenbühl, L. (2013). Short-term preoperative supplementation of an immunoenriched diet does not improve clinical outcome in well-nourished patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery. Nutrition, 29(5), 724-729. Gregoire, V., Lefebvre, J.-L., Licitra, L., Felip, E., & Group, E. E. E. G. W. (2010). Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: EHNS–ESMO–ESTRO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 21(suppl 5), v184-v186. Grimm, H., Tibell, A., Norrlind, B., Blecher, C., Wilker, S., & Schwemmle, K. (1994). Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids: impact of the n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 18(5), 417-421. Hanna, M. K., & Kudsk, K. A. (2000). Nutritional and Pharmacological Enhancement of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 14(Suppl D), 145D-151D. Heyland, D. K., Dhaliwal, R., Drover, J. W., Gramlich, L., & Dodek, P. (2003). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 27(5), 355-373. Heyland, D. K., Novak, F., Drover, J. W., Jain, M., Su, X., & Suchner, U. (2001). Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients?: A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA, 286(8), 944-953. Heys, S. D., Walker, L. G., Smith, I., & Eremin, O. (1999). Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Annals of Surgery, 229(4), 467. Jones, N. E., & Heyland, D. K. (2008). Pharmaconutrition: a new emerging paradigm. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 24(2), 215-222. Kemen, M., Senkal, M., Homann, H.-H., Mumme, A., Dauphin, A.-K., Baier, J., Windeler, J., Neumann, H., & Zumtobel, V. (1995). Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acid-supplemented diet versus placebo in cancer patients: An immunologic evaluation of Impact Registered Trademark. Critical Care Medicine, 23(4), 652-659. Kinsella, J. E., Lokesh, B., Broughton, S., & Whelan, J. (1990). Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids: potential effects on the modulation of inflammatory and immune cells: an overview. Nutrition (Burbank), 6(1), 24-44. Klek, S. (2011). Immunonutrition in cancer patients. In): Elsevier. Lobo, D. N., Williams, R. N., Welch, N. T., Aloysius, M. M., Nunes, Q. M., Padmanabhan, J., Crowe, J. R., Iftikhar, S. Y., Parsons, S. L., & Neal, K. R. (2006). Early postoperative jejunostomy feeding with an immune modulating diet in patients undergoing resectional surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Clinical Nutrition, 25(5), 716-726. Marin, V. B., Rodriguez-Osiac, L., Schlessinger, L., Villegas, J., Lopez, M., & Castillo-Duran, C. (2006). Controlled study of enteral arginine supplementation in burned children: impact on immunologic and metabolic status. Nutrition, 22(7), 705-712. Maruyama, T., Mimura, K., Izawa, S., Shiba, S., Watanabe, M., Kawaguchi, Y., Fujii, H., & Kono, K. (2011). Immunonutritional diet modulates natural killer cell activation and Th17 cell distribution in patients with gastric and esophageal cancer. Nutrition, 27(2), 146-152. McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Vanek, V. W., McCarthy, M., Roberts, P., Taylor, B., Ochoa, J. B., Napolitano, L., & Cresci, G. (2009). Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 33(3), 277-316. McCowen, K. C., & Bistrian, B. R. (2003). Immunonutrition: problematic or problem solving? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(4), 764-770. Moskovitz, D. N., & Kim, Y.-I. (2004). Does perioperative immunonutrition reduce postoperative complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing operations? Nutrition Reviews, 62(11), 443-447. Mudge, L., Isenring, E., & Jamieson, G. (2011). Immunonutrition in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection. Diseases of the Esophagus, 24(3), 160-165. Nanthakumaran, S., Brown, I., Heys, S. D., & Schofield, A. C. (2009). Inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth by arginine: molecular mechanisms of action. Clinical Nutrition, 28(1), 65-70. Newsholme, E., Crabtree, B., & Ardawi, M. (1985). The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells. Bioscience Reports, 5(5), 393-400. Newsholme, P. (2001). Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? The Journal of Nutrition, 131(9), 2515S-2522S. Nieves Jr, C., & Langkamp-Henken, B. (2002). Arginine and immunity: a unique perspective. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 56(10), 471-482. Okamoto, Y., Okano, K., Izuishi, K., Usuki, H., Wakabayashi, H., & Suzuki, Y. (2009). Attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response and infectious complications after gastrectomy with preoperative oral arginine and ω-3 fatty acids supplemented immunonutrition. World Journal of Surgery, 33(9), 1815-1821. Ootsuka, Y., Blessing, W. W., Steiner, A. A., & Romanovsky, A. A. (2008). Fever response to intravenous prostaglandin E2 is mediated by the brain but does not require afferent vagal signaling. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 294(4), R1294-R1303. Osland, E., Hossain, M. B., Khan, S., & Memon, M. A. (2014). Effect of timing of pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) administration on outcomes of elective surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 38(1), 53-69. Osland, E. J., & Memon, M. A. (2011). Are we jumping the gun with pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) in gastrointestinal onoclogical surgery? World Journal Of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 3(9), 128. Öztürk, E. Kanser ve İmmunonütrisyon. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi 2010;17:239-246 Park, K., Heys, S., Eremin, O., & Garlick, P. (1990). The effect of L-arginine on the growth and metabolism of an experimental lung cancer. Clin Res Clin Oncol, 38, 1709-1715. Pegg, A., & McCann, P. (1982). Polyamine metabolism and function. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 243(5), C212-C221. Ricchi, P., Zarrilli, R., Di Palma, A., & Acquaviva, A. (2003). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal cancer: from prevention to therapy. British Journal of Cancer, 88(6), 803-807. Roth, E., Spittler, A., & Oehler, R. (1995). Glutamine: effects on the immune system, protein balance and intestinal functions. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 108(21), 669-676. Ryan, A. M., Reynolds, J. V., Healy, L., Byrne, M., Moore, J., Brannelly, N., McHugh, A., McCormack, D., & Flood, P. (2009). Enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) preserves lean body mass following esophageal cancer surgery: results of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Annals of Surgery, 249(3), 355-363. Schneider, H., & Atkinson, S. (1999). Immunonutrition-fact or fad. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 4(2), 120-123. Serhan, C. N., & Petasis, N. A. (2011). Resolvins and protectins in inflammation-resolution. Chemical reviews, 111(10), 5922. Stableforth, W., Thomas, S., & Lewis, S. (2009). A systematic review of the role of immunonutrition in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 38(2), 103-110. Tokatlı A. İmmünonütrisyon. ANKEM 2002;16:390-394. Vasson, M.-P., Talvas, J., Perche, O., Dillies, A.-F., Bachmann, P., Pezet, D., Achim, A.-C., Pommier, P., Racadot, S., & Weber, A. (2014). Immunonutrition improves functional capacities in head and neck and esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiochemotherapy: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition, 33(2), 204-210. Wu, G. H., Zhang, Y. W., & Wu, Z. H. (2001). Modulation of postoperative immune and inflammatory response by immune-enhancing enteral diet in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pancreas, 3(3). Zheng, Y.-M., Li, F., Qi, B.-J., Luo, B., Sun, H.-C., Liu, S., & Wu, X.-T. (2007). Application of perioperative immunonutrition for gastrointestinal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16(S1), 253-257. Zheng, Y.-M., Li, F., Zhang, M.-M., & Wu, X.-T. (2006). Glutamine dipeptide for parenteral nutrition in abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12(46), 7537.
Details
| Subjects | Health Care Sciences and Services |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors |
|
| Publication Date | December 31, 2016 |
| Application Date | June 9, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | September 19, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3 |