Pikan Cevizi (Carya illinoensis) Kabuğunun Antikanser Aktivitesinin İncelenmesi

Year 2022, , 131 - 136, 28.04.2022

Feridun Akkafa , Zeynep Hayırlı , Ebru Temiz , İsmail Koyuncu

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1084529

Abstract

Amaç: Kanser, hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalması sonucu ortaya çıkan ve her geçen yıl daha da yaygınlaşan hastalıkların başında gelir. Mevcut tedavi yöntemlerinin yetersizliği, seçici etkiye sahip ve nispeten daha az yan etkili yeni yöntem arayışı her geçen gün artmıştır. Son yıllarda kanser tedavi yöntemlerinden biri olarak yaygınlaşan fitoterapi, en dikkat çekici aday ve hızla gelişen bir alan oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada fitoterapi yönteminden yola çıkarak, pican cevizinin (Carya illinoinensis) yeşil-dış kabuğunun antikanser aktivitesi araştırılmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Pican cevizi yeşil kabuğunun çeşitli kanser hücre hatları üzerindeki antikanser aktivitesi hücre kültürü yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda PC-3, DU-145, PNT1-A, HT-29, HCT-116 ve HUVEC hücre hatları, pikan cevizi yeşil-dış kabuğu hekzan ekstraktı ile tedavi edilerek sitotoksik değeri (MTT boyaması) belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen doz ve hücreler kullanılarak Annexin V/PI boyaması ile apoptotik hücre yüzdesi ve PI boyaması ile ise hücre döngüsü üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre pican cevizi yeşil-dış kabuk hekzan ekstraktı seçici etki göstererek en yüksek sitotoksik etkiyi prostat kanseri hücre hattı olan PC-3 üzerine gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (IC50: 40.32µg/ml). Belirlenen IC50’unda apoptotik hücre yüzdesi %94 ve G0/G1 fazında tutulan hücre miktarı ise %59.2 olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda PC-3 hücrelerin, hücre bölünmesini yavaşlattığı ve hücrelerde apoptozisi tetiklediği tespit edildi. Bu sonuçlara göre, farmakolojik alanda pican cevizi yeşil-dış kabuğunun kanser tedavisinde kullanılabilecek alternatif bir bitki adayı olduğu ve bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterici olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

Pikan Cevizi, Carya illinoinensis, Antikanser, Apoptozis, Hücre Döngüsü

Supporting Institution

Harran Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Kurulu (HÜBAK) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

19113

Thanks

Harran Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Kurulu (HÜBAK)'na teşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of Anticancer Activity of Pecan Shell (Carya illinoensis)

Abstract

Background: Cancer is one of the diseases that developed by uncontrolled proliferation of cells and become more common every year. The inadequacy of existing treatment methods, the need for new methods with lesser side effects have increased. Phytotherapy, which has become widespread as one of the cancer treatment methods in recent years, has created the most remarkable candidate and a rapidly developing field. In this study, based on the phytotherapy method, the anticancer activity of the green outer bark of the pican nut (Carya illinoinensis) was investigated.
Materials and Methods: The anticancer activity of pican nut green bark on various cancer cell lines was tested using the cell culture method. In this context, the cytotoxic value of the green-shell hexane extract of pecan nut was tested on PC-3, DU-145, PNT1-A, HT-29, HCT-116 and HUVEC cell lines. The percentage of apoptotic cells was investigated with Annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle with PI staining.
Results: According to the experimental results, it was determined that pican nut green-outer shell hexa-ne extract showed highest cytotoxic effect on PC-3, which is the prostate cancer cell line (IC50: 40.32µg/ml). The percentage of apoptotic cells was found to be 94% and the of cells retained in the G0/G1 phase was 59.2%.
Conclusions: As a result of this study, it was determined that PC-3 cells suppressed cell division and triggered apoptosis in cells. Based on these results, it is predicted that the green-outer shell of pican nut is an alternative plant candidate that can be used in the treatment of cancer in the pharmacological field and will guide the studies to be done in this field.

Keywords: Pecan Nut, Carya illinoinensis, Anticancer, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle

Project Number

19113

References

• 1. Wan B, Lang J, Wang P, Ma CM. Treatment optimization with concurrent SBRT and intracavitary brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Journal of applied clinical medical physics. 2016;17(1):70-9.
• 2. Aguilera A, Gómez-González B. Genome instability: a mechanistic view of its causes and consequences. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2008;9(3):204-17.
• 3. Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Genetic instabilities in human cancers. Nature. 1998;396(6712):643-9.
• 4. Negrini S, Gorgoulis VG, Halazonetis TD. Genomic instability—an evolving hallmark of cancer. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2010;11(3):220-8.
• 5. Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz Jr LA, Kinzler KW. Cancer genome landscapes. science. 2013;339(6127):1546-58.
• 6. Sulli G, Lam MTY, Panda S. Interplay between circadian clock and cancer: new frontiers for cancer treatment. Trends in cancer. 2019;5(8):475-94.
• 7. Zugazagoitia J, Guedes C, Ponce S, Ferrer I, Molina-Pinelo S, Paz-Ares L. Current challenges in cancer treatment. Clinical therapeutics. 2016;38(7):1551-66.
• 8. Capasso R, Izzo AA, Pinto L, Bifulco T, Vitobello C, Mascolo N. Phytotherapy and quality of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia. 2000;71:S58-S65.
• 9. Tárrega A, Salvador A, Meyer M, Feuillère N, Ibarra A, Roller M, et al. Active compounds and distinctive sensory features provided by American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) extract in a new functional milk beverage. Journal of dairy science. 2012;95(8):4246-55.
• 10. Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Shahinfard N, Sheivandi L, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Cancer phytotherapy: Recent views on the role of antioxidant and angiogenesis activities. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine. 2017;22(2):299-309.
• 11. Deepika MS, Thangam R, Sheena TS, Sasirekha R, Sivasubramanian S, Babu MD, et al. A novel rutin-fucoidan complex based phytotherapy for cervical cancer through achieving enhanced bioavailability and cancer cell apoptosis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2019;109:1181-95.
• 12. Efferth T, Saeed ME, Mirghani E, Alim A, Yassin Z, Saeed E, et al. Integration of phytochemicals and phytotherapy into cancer precision medicine. Oncotarget. 2017;8(30):50284.
• 13. Heidari-Soreshjani S, Asadi-Samani M, Yang Q, Saeedi-Boroujeni A. Phytotherapy of nephrotoxicity-induced by cancer drugs: an updated review. Journal of nephropathology. 2017;6(3):254.
• 14. Harman D. Origin and evolution of the free radical theory of aging: a brief personal history, 1954–2009. Biogerontology. 2009;10(6):773-81.
• 15. Lissiman E, Bhasale AL, Cohen M. Garlic for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014(11).
• 16. Aruoma OI. Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease. Journal of the American oil chemists' society. 1998;75(2):199-212.
• 17. Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food chemistry. 2006;99(1):191-203.
• 18. Covas M-I, Nyyssönen K, Poulsen HE, Kaikkonen J, Zunft H-JF, Kiesewetter H, et al. The effect of polyphenols in olive oil on heart disease risk factors: a randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine. 2006;145(5):333-41.
• 19. MacDougall PJ. Fruitful synthesis of science and fiction. Nature. 2002;415(6867):13-4.
• 20. Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2005;45(4):287-306.
• 21. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2007;39(1):44-84.
• 22. Shara M, Stohs SJ. Efficacy and safety of white willow bark (Salix alba) extracts. Phytotherapy Research. 2015;29(8):1112-6.
• 23. Lopes CM, Dourado A, Oliveira R. Phytotherapy and nutritional supplements on breast cancer. BioMed research international. 2017;2017.
• 24. Milner J. A historical perspective on garlic and cancer. The Journal of nutrition. 2001;131(3):1027S-31S.
• 25. Thomson M, Ali M. Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent. Current cancer drug targets. 2003;3(1):67-81.
• 26. Hilbig J, de Britto Policarpi P, de Souza Grinevicius VMA, Mota NSRS, Toaldo IM, Luiz MTB, et al. Aqueous extract from pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] shell show activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and Ehrlich ascites tumor in Balb-C mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018;211:256-66.
• 27. do Prado ACP, Aragão AM, Fett R, Block JM. Antioxidant properties of pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] shell infusion. Grasas y aceites. 2009;60(4):330-5.
• 28. Do Prado ACP, Aragão AM, Fett R, Block JM. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] kernel cake extracts obtained by sequential extraction. Grasas y aceites. 2009;60(5):460-9.
• 29. do Prado ACP, da Silva HS, da Silveira SM, Barreto PLM, Vieira CRW, Maraschin M, et al. Effect of the extraction process on the phenolic compounds profile and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts of pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] shell. Industrial Crops and Products. 2014;52:552-61.