Evaluation of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability

Abstract

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in the developmental process and impairs the functionality of the individual in social, applied and conceptual areas. Psychiatric and organic disorders are more common in children and adolescents diagnosed with ID compared to their peers. These comorbid diagnoses further impair the functionality of the individual. In this study, we aimed to investi-gate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents diagnosed with ID. Materials and Methods: The files of the patients who applied between 15.04.2019 and 15.04.2021 were scanned retrospectively and the information of the patients diagnosed with EY was saved. Diagnoses were made by clinical evaluation and psychometric tests appropriate to the age of the individual. Results: 154 children and adolescents diagnosed with ID were included in the study. The mean age of the cases was 9.50±4.53 years and 59.7% were male and 40.3% were female. We found organic comorbidity in 38.9% (n=60) and psychiatric comorbidity in 36.3% (n=56). We detected that the most common organic comorbidity was epilepsy with 14.2% (n=22) and ADHD with 22.7% (n=35) psychiatric comorbidity and that 42.8% (n=66) of the cases received one or more medical treatments. Conclusions: Our study is important in terms of presenting data on comorbid disorders in individuals with EY and the treatments used for these disorders. There is a need for multicenter studies in this issue to be conduc-ted with a larger sample.

Entelektüel Yetiyitimi Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Entelektüel yetiyitimi gelişimsel süreçte ortaya çıkan, bireyin toplumsal, uygulamalı ve kavramsal alanlarda işlevselliğini bozan nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. EY tanısı olan çocuk ergenlerde yaşıtlarına kıyasla daha fazla psikiyatrik ve organik bozukluk görülmektedir. Bu komorbid tanılar bireyin işlevselliğini daha fazla bozmaktadır. Bu çalışmada EY tanısı alan çocuk ve ergenlerin sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metod: 15.04.2019-15.04.2021 tarihleri arasında başvurusu olan hastaların dosyaları retrospektif taranarak EY tanısı alan hastaların bilgileri kaydedilmiştir. Tanılar klinik değerlendirme ve bireyin yaşına uygun psikometrik testler uygulanarak konulmuştur. Bulgular: Çalışmaya EY tanısı alan 154 çocuk ve ergen dahil edildi. Vakaların ortalama yaşı 9,50±4,53 ve %59,7’si erkek kalan %40,3’ü kızdı. Katılımcıların %38,9’unda (n=60) organik komorbidite, %36,3’ünde (n=56) psikiyatrik komorbidite saptadık. En sık organik komorbiditenin %14,2 (n=22) oranı ile epilepsi, psikiyatrik komorbiditenin de %22,7 (n=35) oranı ile DEHB olduğunu ve vakaların %42,8’sinin (n=66) bir veya daha fazla medikal tedavi aldığını saptadık. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, EY tanılı bireylerde görülen komorbid bozukluklara ve bu bozukluklar nedeni ile kullanılan tedavilere dair verilerin sunulması açısından önemlidir. Bu alanda daha geniş örneklemde yürütülecek çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Entelektüel yetiyitimi
• Komorbidite
• Ruh sağlığı

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