Bilateral Septic Arthritis After Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread chronic condition, predominantly affecting the knees. Although intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections are widely used as a conservative treatment for OA, they carry potential risks, including septic arthritis. However, bilateral iatrogenic septic arthritis is extremely rare. We present a rare case of a 52-year-old male patient who developed bilateral septic arthritis of the knees following bilateral hyaluronic acid injections, which appears to be one of the first reported cases to our knowledge. Following the procedure, the patient experienced severe pain, swelling, and fever. Joint aspiration was performed and provided temporary relief. However, recurrent symptoms required multiple surgical interventions and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Diagnostic evaluation showed that the synovial fluid contained Enterobacter cloacae and elevated white blood cell counts. The symptoms persisted after treatment, requiring further debridements. Subsequently, oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus was identified. This sequential microbiological profile may suggest superinfection, repeated procedural contamination, or nosocomial acquisition during treatment. The patient improved post-operatively, with decreased pain and increased mobility. This case highlights the importance of aseptic techniques during intra-articular injections, careful monitoring for signs of infection, and the role of joint aspiration in diagnosis and treatment. Persistent or recurrent symptoms should prompt repeated microbiological evaluation and timely surgical
reassessment.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Orthopaedics
Journal Section
Case Report
Authors
İbrahim Azboy
0000-0003-0926-3029
Türkiye
Early Pub Date
September 9, 2026
Publication Date
-
Submission Date
December 30, 2025
Acceptance Date
June 24, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication